.zZ.ti-Jl. .i.'.i.
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1 A
1
IV J J ! 1
4 .
DEVOTED TO" A',GEi; ICTILTliB; COMMEECE, NEWS,' POLITICS, ; GENERAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE 1NTE11KSTS OF NEBRASKA.
VOL. II.
CITY OF BROWN VILLE,; NEMAEA COUNTY, N; T,, THURSDAY-, MARCH 25, 1858.
NO. 39.
i"
i
T.i I
i. tear
lor,
tort
rmsa -es
fek
meirr
icypa
rc:
AIL ;
2T7.
9 1
ll-- u-
, . A. f
ASK
VP
cbrasiia.SDucrtiSvT
' ri'BUd-iKli I'EVfcKY TUl'fcSllAV BY
JKNA5 & LANGDON,
vil Story; II jadliy S&'.Muir's Building,
iCmt if Min n'l First Struts.)
UiKOWNVII.LK, N.
.en-'jcarir yil m-ire, - - $2.t?
- - t tbo-iitdui 6 months,
' . ... - i j - i.uu
V,.of .J r ni're 1- ii farmnhe-l at $1.40 jier
j.f .rided tfao csb -wcomauies tko urdcr,
RATES OF AWVCIITISIXO:
-,--.tc ilVs.-::'rl)KM inat-rtioB,
a l ini-ual jus r.iua,
:are, one m -nth,
. three m m'h,
.' fix ta rtD5,
one V'r.
. Card.- .T -is 'ics or less, one year,
-.Vimn no .re.-ir,
C..la:n, oui;vear, .
,urH-
;.-hfh . "
i.,lnnjn. x m n'.b,
ill iV.utnu. Qi nibs
-urtK.--- -
lutnn fbree unnth1.
V.f C.ilum-i, ibrce m 'nth, . .
2.5'
4.DD
6.0U
1J.IMI
C'l.llO
3ii'
2 00
15.00
20.00
10, m
ts.mi
2!.0
I3.ti
(ii.tiii
h in .lrnc-wi i tv r -nr ilf.r ll.lvrii--4
r c'v.-nt f.- ca-li c'.ij.u fih uvl iert hi tli-
.lkrTui''nt wiU h-r'nM tI t lie ytMr.
i --i4t ti i-? m rueript. "T r-vi.u:v
! u: i l" trtT ;1h rtii-i.
r-rti'-m-n i't U" B t'ie j.iv rnr 'i
iia.n mm- i h -ru-.n!, w I Jit i-n in-ieJ until
sl ..ut. wxl o'l-fg ! eonr.iTnil v
,1 .!' "n -nr- f-u -tr.ijvTi r?rnienl cr
.i r;i in a ir in;-.
- i.nv'.l 'f y:.irif ilvct'ri i!H? r.mfiii
" ' 1- tl fir i i-ni t":an 1 U wlv Tti.nr
ru..i -,-rtiiii ihcietn, tu be jtiid fr ex-
ral.-Tt: rr. 'ht? tV nrjvllcoof ehanjinr
l-ii l i If jftwiui -uUjiur;:'!
iuiiif tin-
TOOK AITD PAITCY .
OH PRINTING!
i
.
r7.iar -4 ex:
,n i , T tv'
nvi',!''1"1' ityany miicr ni '
-d-ir titm will t "r.iit rler fr id
a-,..in irin; "i r-!ti -ttt-ml.-il .
IV ir- -t r', hi n; .i ixt-ifivr
t. w';'. fi M" jfrt! tit tiv n tr, th
' Vui;i?. i i'l '. ' ii t'i;i" ,'n,l 'nv r.- to
i. h ah in t - s i 'if ' h :ir w irk. "'
nil ; tii rn Ut reo.-he 'Unre- of tlie.;uibli
i," L'SINKS-S CA'KD'S.
BUOWXVILLE.
tTJI. B WJAKKIT.
Al'GrFTt vVHJlIT.
- r. rissi.
LIVKIt IIEXNETT & CO.,
'i.iTiuf turcr.- Jii.t Whalewil" I'catcrf in
)0'iS AND SHOES.
So. 87 Main Et -est.
sr. LOUIS, MO.
' MISS MARY TURNER,
!JNHR AND DaESS MAKER.
s Street, between llsin end "Watr.
iiuowxviLM-:, x. r.
is awl Tn minings altrjys on hav.J.
C. W. WHEELER,
Ht:ct and Builder.
JAMES W. GIliSON,
LACK SMITH
iret( 'twri-ii iaiti aud Nebraska.
: I'.U'.WXVILLE. N. T.'.
!
II. C. COHNSON,
TORIiEY AT LAW,
JUCITJR IN CHANCERY
AS 1 .
Rtal Estate Acnl,
UUOWNVILLi; X. T;
.Tn:i
III.
V . ro-u i.lipw-TiH. ,X. T.'
7 Vx
R. I EERY, M. D.,. .1
B.GrEnTT T3TT A NT
ij j ' n':T7:
i . -IiDOHAi0, 17, ,
- tJ'"' tr,1'T, urofeionaJ er-.
f u UecKiijo nf X -in ilia .uiuy xfl
: iT!r, 4th in ebra.-kaaBd MUai.uri. ..
T. 7hyt3 & Co., -
G03D3, GROCERIES
QlliS.V r... v, v r .
Coaa-ry Trcdnce,
l ml .t-.XJU - I T
f--.-. V -w T'i't f tr!.-. !nk f
e
Hfuan :1T LIW;
AND
SOLICITOR IX CUAXCERY.
t Brbiviyilb, CCebrtuka Territory:."
VTili ji.MCtice la tbe Ci'trt of KeSrxiJciBd ijrt li
, ,UKFKKF.NCES. . '
Uesin. Crow ifcC eary &. Co., , Si. L-iis, ilo.
U.a-Jitne M. Uarft,. 1k
Ujo J ha K buep.f, . - Dj
n.. J.u.fr C.ie - -- ft.Jwreph lio.
H u. Situ. U'.K b. I).
Jadee A. A. B-di:d, J Kbi ti Ctrr X.T.
S K. Xuck .iu Eg. - V
1 "cG W. iIURN. '
.SUEVEOE, "
'irniAiiA city.It. t. '
T7!I.l-tvcu'l iriuitl uuU Itutinu in hr tr-
fe-sinn riK'J n : nuc!) iill.rinp
Claim-. hiyingout Ttwn I.t.lrnftinjt Cit rUt
eie.. . . . "I7-tf
JOHN A. PAEKES&CO"
vasuic;tox, if. c.
-. -
JOI1N A. PARKED Ure Register -f hc LstkI Cne
hBAht 'XT., h iviuk rertj:nel his i ffl e-wii tere .i.er
.ennee ion wi h u:ir of ibe tet Ltud L .wyiverb in ilie
c .ant t aeul to all bji-iue.-s contUed u Litu; ml e
pediUy
PRE G"TTTTON" CITS.
Thbh he has nn-le himpirthoroBgli'yacquaiutcJ with
byiudy mid p ar ice l-r ye i'.
lie reftrrn t- ;he Heads .f Departments and Members
i.l Cnf e - uf bi h H rtitf-i, ,
" A'l jppTicj i n fir e vires mast be acc-jmpanied wi.b
a ti ir e .it:n;i .b. , .
Jim.yW lSSS. . n 3,.1r
C WM. OSLOUN.
t" . . . . .
DKM.KK IV
CLOCKS, ; WATCHES,
Jewtlijl 1 '! Vrc. Cutl.-rv. Shhii. Ac.. Jtc.
"S - ITERS ASKA CITT, 2J. T.
Tni!Rvin; ati'l I;kp.vik n(; '4. tif on birt
l-.iri' f il'l .tl.l. WHKK WKNTMV
A. D. KIRK,
AUoraDjT at , Lw,
Lautl Ageat and IVotarj; I'Kbllc.
'Jlrchtr Kiel a-lion (,'o.,.X. T.
- W"tU .raclii- ih' nu- -:..urt? .f Nchraska. vwitrtl
JACOB SJlt UIW, r ,
Att)r;i;y ami 0.uiLsi'llor . t ; ; Lnv.
'.JEXEU.Cl INSCliA.VCE AND LANJ AliENT,
' And Notary Public. 3
' IEJ3EASKA CiTr, ! T.
to I
re. vu bras ksi Territory and Wutl-
rn
;W. P. LOAN7. 1
ATTOKNEY "AT " LAW-
LOT AND LAND AGENT.
-r
17 -.fee to. Pre-- "rprn
FS. UUREM H & CO.,
1 1
;lttorasj:s;at::Lar,,:
- itEAL TSTATB XTIOEEIIS,
. oiiAHA'CTY.(ir..T. ;
yxriM. 'i'-f.; rticuiiT-itlciitiiiti .rejariD-r :.tl
V the ocJt--uy jvf. rM-rr--iiti Jii'Mi-. tin
.-j-inleriu my iiim wh'u-h m iy rcjuir-l .y
iVc-cin .t.rsiii i'.riviii!fu;i their l"rtf-vttili nght
t th, C. S.' I.-mmI !S : V - :' -"
1. K. UAK1N. ". C. KlMH.irUU R. V. roOMEK
HA-.D Hj, K!?.'30UGil . CO.,
IIAT6, CAiVS &-STHAW GOODS.
ST. LOUIS, .MO: .
i'articul. 1 uicntitui ai.l t naiiufacturii4: ur
iiier-i .vl..l i I ;'.". .. . . . -
J. HART SOI
ill!
0
-61
Keen Twiistantl j -rri hand .ilHeaeriptioiiol !Iartiesf.
X. I'. Every a ii ! MKiur iiiJi'-.-'ii niiiari,urci
br .Mirw l-e ,ti.iL;imiatiHi i. ru . titiwin'i -
iiKAL" ESTATE AGENCY.
GEimtiK CLVKS. " ' J. W. i.EE.
Clayca cfis Xjoo-'
Ro.il Eitite and Gimr.ii AgL'uey.
OLI AH A CITY", II. T.
JtLTEX TO 1
. -lamer Wright. l!r.kt r, . ... Xcw Vrk
Wm. A.W.Ml.U.Kfi. ' - "
ll.m. " l;. Wti.nl. hv'i,. ' Ohio, . CletiLiiid,
Wikti. Oi'n-i.1 iilII. liancrs, "t i ,
AKrtitl K fliTti.lt,- . ..
Cu1.1U.1m.ti Cam jiK.lt,, . , St. l-tuiK. ..
Jaini'!" IJiilwny. K-q. '
CniMf.Tii iihI SarkfM. 'Cl i.-agi-.
Oini'-n t'i'y. Ahz..10. IR.'iS. rtnU-l
. . . i 1
II f. B K.S.N KIT, J. t. il'lKTUS, h. H. II Kll M.
BENNET. IVIORTON HARDING
ATTORNEYS T AT LAW,
XdbratAa Cify,'X. T.,und G.tfooJ, Iu.
tllt.I. irnc;if(.-iu all thC uriMif Xet'rasVn ai d
VVtiirii luwa, I'artivitljii tlt-iii t, nid 1
ulitaiaiug. lo-at luul Varr.in!.r,iHl cullectii t. tS
IIFFEI KXCI- :
lUn.Iiwl Cass. IliHf.it. -; ; '
uliu- l. Morten, - . "H'""65,n
' lnv. Imi-I A. Xlrttiei-oii. S jiringft-M. Ill
I'mv.-I; AV. liriuiBf Ciiy.Jown;
' . V. Kifil.t.St f.ui-.M...:
-;ll.u. !iel ll-.MMoB.Tflfa; Chio !--
. 1. A. S-trpT. U 'tl-viie.XfbmVii-
Sc'lffi'-h Wa1kir.niiii.jr. .tit: '
t. . cruiNi.i ... th c.Tt kit.
Altarr.eys.aJ.Liir Si Ueal.EsUteiAenLS,
. - - . : CSV HA CITY, Tf . T-, 1 j, : t---:.
T7!!.Lcttfd i;hfullvn.i rTi'mrJlr t-1lhnfi
.V rnfnt-1-ert Ur -ch -,-ii tbTTrit ri I trr
Iowa Cnirtf. to th- purrhiuf f J,.t5 a nd Und, -
trrie mid nre-mrti'-ns. collectii vr. Kt.
Onie'e in thr mcobo tory r tnTjt: lnotiiew
Hnjldini. Tiar!T irrisiir'tbe esteni" hxchai r
'!. 27, lSr.l vliil.tf ,c
DR. J. L. rcJCEE.... 1 :
2 Xr"5T 13 ZCZ AST
SU KG E0AN D E NTIS'r!.
:i :BnwnviIle; N:?T.S v
TErTH rLtpnCD-HXB riLLED Ih .TnXMOSF
. ATPBOVXP" MASKXJU '
-ilaj It, 1357. , 4H
Aricflltnre,
The 'Osage Orange. .
Fi-cta.tha Countiy Centleaun.
j Prof. J. II Turner, of Illinois, to whom
lie whole country so larg-tly indthttd
for the introduction of the Ooage Orange
as a Iltdge plant, Las kindly . furniahtd
the followins itterestiug and valuable re
marks, iu ref Jys to the . stveral inquiries
ivhich du" readi.w s6 often make, in rela
tion to thi htdire, und thty fully accord
with the limit.tc observation and uperi
iiients which tvtv hare -tuade in thtnaore
eastern portions of the Union.
J. J. TncftcAfw.. Hs. lu rtply to your
inquiries 1 would t-ay that Ihave watchtd
with 'tauch .Merest, the prospects and pro
press of hedges iu the West for tome
years past. , For.r. ore than twenty years
1 have Letn fully convinctd that with us
on the prairies, there was, no poisille al
ternative, and that we must hedge with
something, for we have 4iO stone, and in
n.any places no. Lalf timher enough to
keep up our buildings and railroads, to say
notLitig of ftnoing; and as to herding
stock where hundrtds of thousands of
of cattle and swine .must pais through
;he country in all directions, every year,
and almost every moi th in the year, on
their way to the gnat markets, or to the
dalrs, it would si.u to be aburd.
What would protect crops against the
lan, and gaunt, -ertarving-droves of ihooe
Mexican rangefsV who ''omttimes pass
through these regions with one or. two
thousand of. these lean kine , iu a singL
drovt ? A man may well lless Lis
stars in such conditions, if . he is able to
keep his corn, 'hay and fruit, when linked
ipmLi.larn or cil!ar, to tay nothing
o; leaving it all out cn the put lie cuii
rn -n. And though our own citizens ar-.
with scarce a single tXi:eption, hone&t ai.d
ijpright mfu,s4ill if a man can now ket p
thes hosts nnd troi ps of foreign eini
rrrants, movtrs. and droyirj,from tiaring
down a t.n rail fence md driving throutrh
hisnVlds, at any rate, he will do wtll.
Tor thse, ai:d similar reasons, I have
deemed hidginrr with us iudispeusalle,
and have made many tfforts t, in
traduce it ; and after ..omLun y ars ex
perim nt and, trial in. our i arly history. 1
Vecanie :a-Ufi d fully, tl at. the Cage 'Or
ange w-as the best and "only plant that in
thin j lace we.coii!d,profiially.useJ.',,l ac-cordifcrly.wru'.T-
niid pul ii.-h d on the si L
Tt in the Pririe.Faruin-.r.Tatt'nt'OiT:-.-!
II ; rp. rn 'o.;h. r ttir rs p-ni 'i' f--;
sreJ,-r?ust i . plcr.ta 1 cth' 'fcr n.y.U an.1 j
far ;! 4r"3, hni-r d a.li mV own lands atidi
irrounds, and Jurnisbed plants and steds
t my brothers and personal friends, while
t e big pull V stili ridicnl. d the enter-
rrise Ej a-n;orusmultirai hs'ipt culation,
iin3 would bt.v ueither rlants nor!std.
Th result is. that on! Uie: place where
I n-iw'live, I haveitio othe r.fi uce wt atev-
r t tt the hedge, Vxc ptaiound my I arn
vards, arwl l ave not buidlfiar, years. My
fruitier, Mr. A v. ry Turnf r,of Qitincy,
al o ba the h dge on his farm mostly or
vh lly. and gtvd hrdges are now quit
a.-y to be found, and "poor ones too. A
snia.l farm of one hundh d and twenty
acn-s, lvinr t n miles from this, I htdged
bffore I sohl it, all in twtnty acre lots;
another farm, southwest, jjf . SCO acres, 1
hf iran to hedge into eighty arre lots, but
sld it before i. was comphted. Ihave
al.-o made a mile or two of htdeon Gov.
Duncan's grounds, and the Illinois Col
li ge ground-, immediately joining r n ar
to my own hom-sttad. Ttiis 1 did for the
sa e of improving mv own place, in part.
I i ave also sold latterly, from one to two
millions of the plants to irrvr customers an
ni:allv for jome vears nut. mostly in
his-'vicinity. Git--some in almost txen'
-'7 i J
State in the Union ; and ihall si 11 about
e same quantity this-' spring, mostly to
old ruotomers, or in their neighborhood.
and at the same old prices intpiteof hard
imes. '
1. Itot:ght to take four years on good
rich prairie land, ' and no more, to
make a rood stock he dge; -on I arren or
poorer Hand, of course it would take
proportionably longer, unless manure was
us d.
2. In ray opinion, common farm hedges
should never beelipp d ut all. at 4east no-?
thing more than to cut lack overgrown
shoot Si oe veil the growth, till it is three.
or at 1 ast two years old as the way is
t hegm at the bottom and the hrst thing
to le fnnntd is a vigorous romt. and for
tl.is end. of course the less xlippinrr th
etter! - Then cut down to the gTou; d,
cut oftr n, ntjd form the hndge in n single
year.' beginning in early fpr ng. ' : -
3. SI oots will generally grew frcm 4 to
G feet loner if not cut s-cmetimes more,
when the soil is good. : 1 "
4. As to the proportion that proves sue
cef sful, Tsliould think it arout in the pro
portion to the orchards that have proved
successful in the West and your own at
tirle and remarks, in the Annual Reciter
for 57. pasre 355, most clearly ets forth.
H e sad Tact still is.: that there i not more
than aboct one man in 'ten that will raise
any cropwlate-verthe majority-will not
have more than iwo-thirds or ne-half a
crcp of :anythinr, if.it is ppsUle:to '-blunder
oar of it." Hence, if land that would
easily produce 10Q bushels -of forn to
the acre, is made to produce 40, it does
very well. Just so. some get half h dge
or half an trrcbTt'd:' or no he dge or.no
orcha-d at all for it so hiippens" that half
a h'dsre or half an orchard, epf cially if
it is the lower half that is missing, is
neither so useful nor so -salealle in the
market as half a crop of com. But our
good farmers have hedges that I am not
ashamed to show against any fence, or
turn any stock- ia the world, not except-
ing thtvish town-loys.vand thishelps-an
orchard, or rather its owner won erfully.
o. I suppose the actual cot cf a good J
stock hfdge, on good latid. at the rate we
now st 11 plants, ought not toexcetd fifty
cents per rod, if made by the fanner hun-
self. But a mad off the ground1 cannot
niike it so cheaply ty -nearly one-half:
At Ji ast 1 would, much rather make two
rods of hedge on my own grounds, than
one rod on another man's even if not more
thana single mile, or even half a mile
distant.. For the troulle of keeping
watch of it, and getting uri a team and
going to it, is more than all . the other
work o be done he&ruu tLTeThere, if
but for a thort piece a mile or less.
C. The late severe winters have not
injured our he dges here at all. Last win
ter thousands and millions of young setd
ling plants were destroyed' in the nurse
ry, as in such se asons" they are always li
ableto be. Hence w6 always 'ake up
ours iu the fall, so far as we Can, and se
cure thm in the plant-houses; and it is
impossible to be certain of good plants,
though th y may appear well in the spring,
without this car , for the seedling plants
fare quite apt to be injured in severe win
urs, more or less, ai.d the injury is not al
ways percep'i1 le, even f y the lest judg
es, till after thty are in the hedge-row;
and purchasing sUch plants has, perhaps,
more than any one cause,' covered the
country in places with broken, w-;rthlf-is
hedges.- Tviii e in the last fifteen T ars,
I have delivertd, some such injured out
standing plants myself, w;itbout knowing" it
till too late, and had the ra all to supply
again the next sprinc. Thegrj at drought
also made sad work in Hitching many
pieces of nw-st t hedge where the plants
were gootl, in 1854. -
From the above and similar causes, in
riding through the country. one will see a
rrtat many specimens if worthless, un
sijhtly h dge?, and is more apt to see
thtm, unfortunattly. pn the great rail
nads and thoroughfare's than anywhere
else. " For preci e!y hfrp those damaged
plants are most easily lawktd about, and
soldih-ap; and rat drovps of stock are
most likely to range and try the work of
ear less hands and neglected fences- Be
sides those professional ludge-n.akers,
who do not always know a plow from a
hoe w hi n they commence lhtir pen-gri-nations
out of the cities andjowns, to set
"si-perb htxlgeV f or. thV farmers, for two
wn the first var, these
Ji r 1 U
tnr& corivtmeaLto ccnJuct tneir
H' r.r trn-T;ii!ro3.d-5. which thev
. .... .
t:Mu'.iy.c:mp!tt( d as soon ..as thit first. pr
- coiid ravin nt was made, and dc camp
t d for jarts unknown,. U aving the he-dg-es
and iheirowiu rs to take care of them
selves; and the latter generally found
their profession.!)! dge was worth no fur
thtr care , for themselves than to. try
to plow rr gn.b it i p, wLich is not ,to
ia.ily done; for this, Ooajre Orange
when once ttt out, insists that it has a
right to nike a h dge anyhow, even if
not niartr together. than! once in ten rods,
aiid..3"ou, inay .cut; it, as, much as you
phase, and it still persists in iu right to
1 ixe and n ake a f nte. ,
But aide frm thes casualties. I have
never iu all my experience or knowedge,
kn iwn a plant more than twoyi ars old, or
after its se cond winter's growth, to be
killtd with cold here, or any other cause,
though the.. thermometer has l.een some-
srmetimes 5 dt grees below zerooften
20 very ofttn 10 degrees W low zero:
and pi ach trees six inches, through, and
grapi vines, and many common apple trees
of good size, have., been killtd in my
grounds, side ly side with the : hedge,
mite to the ground. In severe winters.
the tops of the hedges are always killed
down more or less. 1 xat the root never so
far; and all the killing of the. top has on
ly ainotinttd in practice here to the sav
ing of one good spring's pruning. The
first plant tver brought into this country,
seme twenty yt ars ago, is still alive in my
front -ard; and my oldest h uges are
decidedly the lest on the. place; and the
tame is true of my brother's .in Quincy,
I ut further north I, have 1 arucd that the
plants were last winter killtd out so lad
jy.iii some - laces in the. young two year
old hi dges, tharit.has discouraged the ir
ovner." I think unwisely -for in other
places still further north, I ! am they
have stood well; and I inns? think the er-
. ror, where th y were kill d. out, consisted
iu too late culture, in the lau: resioes.u is
birdly prolal fe ihat we shall hare anoth
er winter combinini to .many peculiar
causes of destruction as the last, perhaps
in a whole century; and he that abandons
a Vf.uhtr hedge, or a wheat crp, or; any
thiJEg ihe, if : jiec df id en his place, frcm
one unfortunate winti r, is unwise, espe
cially it there is rood n ason to think. that
some error in culture causfd the catas
trophe. But I cannot, of course, and will
not sprak with "any positiveness about
either soils or climate, or anything else
not immtdiaitly within, the range of ;my
own personal experience. - '.... vv
.: But' if I .were- to 'Purchase a larm ipr
.. .... .. -- - - ........... . .
niy;t;ii, :e-u nines iiuiiii ui lui
.i . ,-r t u
lt" arn Ml .' "1.t." V.ij m-w first
etiort wouia te. as it ever nas wtu wtre,
to lit dsre -it; And -if the - croundAvas dry
aVd w'afm I litlieve 1 .'should sixceed jj if
noCI know J shcnld. fad, nil trade io by
drairijge.'.Birt'iam of the opinion that
there may be many :places on the poor
sandy . and gravt lly soils of the north,
and aso on the low and wet scils further,
south where' it will not Tay to attempt
this hedrre. On'tur swampy and, wtt
lans and swails here, it will not do with
out thoroiigh"drainin5.qrdykeing, sons
lo make a good, dry corn.soiL .
I 7. The only" hedge I ': have erer had
lilkd down was' birrned down. xnder a
lurcicg building, Hvhich fent -Jthe sre-id.
from one to two feet deep, almost into
brick dust. But after -all. the roots of tht
hedge came up through, and that, same
piecH is now a eood .hedge. Burning off
stubble and killing the .tp in that way,
or burning prairie grass, only makes it
grow toe thicker and better, and some
trim their hedges only Lv such baruinjr
down, 1 am told, in the south, as the old
stocks will stand till the new shoots come
up again to their relitf. ,
1 bt litre 1 have now, my dear fir, an
swertd all your questons in order as pro
posed, according to the best of my kaowl
tdge; and I am not aware of being under
any particular Lias in the, matter, for in
"sttad of deiiring to extend my opera
tions in the htdging business, I would
prefer, as things now are, to contract it,
and have sold out all my farms with the
intention of so doing,. as far and as fast
as I can find it expedient and practicable.
If anything further is desired, I would
most cheerfully give you all the informa
tion in my- powc-r, as soon as time and oth
er duties will permit. . -
Allow me also to say that I have seen
and felt in this htdge business of the west
as well as with all other farming inter
est?, such great and urgent need of a sys
ttnl of State-institutions, similar to those
proposed in Hon. Mr. Morrill's bill, now
pending in Congress, thatl have devoted
most oi my spare time for some years, to
that great national object, as the Report
herewith sent xvili show, and I hope your
time anU talents are not soiully employ
ed, but that you will find time to give this
great interest an effective helping hand.
J. B. TURNER.
1; Jackscj-villx, III.', Feb. 1. 38.
From tte Country Gntleman. J
Culture of Ceierj.
SlEssas.ELiToas. Since my article
on "Preserving CeUry in the U'inter,1"
appeared imhe "Country Gentlemau" of
January the 7th, I have received a num
ber of letters making inquiries relative to
our mode of cultivation individual replies-would
be out of the question. I
again avail myself of the benefit of your
columns to reply to one and all.
The system 1 Will attempt to describe,
is that generally adopted I y market gar
deners in this vicinity, but which can ea
sily, be modified to suit any private gar
deuVno'matter.howsrLall. 'Iu raising the plauta we prepare a lev
el piece, of .ground, in the.bt-st pos-sible
luanne'r,' I y aj plying' a hbt ral coating '
shim, rotud italic iuanure,and repeatid
ly plowing and 'harrowing until "it is
thoroughly mixed with the! soil. Then
about the first of Apr.l, after having it
finely raked to free it f rem all inequalnh?,
we mark the lines out' with the "dra"
"7
or ''marker," nine inches apart; in these
we tow the seed rather thinly, as by
coming, up too thick the plants would bt
rendered weak. As soon as the set d
germinate xve stir the ground between
the tows, weeding the plants, "and thin
ning out where, they have come up too
thick. By this attention, I y the first of
J u.y.w'e have fine luxuriant plants firfor
transplanting: into the open fit Id much
better than those raised by being sown in
hot-beds and j.icki dout previous to plant
ing, as frequently numbers of those rais
ed in hot-beds will run up to seed and
are consequently worthless. ,
As we ,iuvanally make celery a sec
ond crop after cabl age, onions, or beets,
which have been heavily manurtd in lhe
spring, we rarely find it necessary to ma
nure specially lor celery, but when we-
do, we manure the whole ground, and not
in the rows only, which is too often done.
The reason of this is apparent to any one
who will ( bserve , thai the roots of the
plant will mat. when well : grown in the
rows, when planted four feet apart. , '
Our spring crops get cleared of! in suc
cession through the month of July, and
as soon as the v are moved the rround i
plowed and harrowed until well pulver
ized. Iheu for what we want for fall use,
we plant four feet apart, it requiring lobe
lanked up, and five or six inches between
the plants, on the surface of the ground,
having long ago, discarded the old plan
of plautiug iu trenches, which is oljec
tiotiable;by the plants being under the gen
eral surface oLthe ground, they .are more
liable in rain storms tale sanded up in
the hearts, which'" impedes the growth,
and sometimes, before it is removed kills
the plants..-, v; ':-j .j I
For what we want for winder and spring
use, we only plant three feet apart, and
the same djstanceLetyen the . plants as
the others. In-ejzhuor ten days after
planting, we appty "the "harrow-toothed
culiivator between the rows aiid stiupth".
ground between the plants with tuehaud.
to keep down the weeds until .the c lery
is large enough jo shade the ground.
'After the celery is about half grown
say from the middle of August to middle
of September, 'We begin to draw a little
earth to it on each side, so as to make
the plants incline t6,&a , upright position..
Thlrdohe,' we" commence" whit" w'e term
"handling. that which we want for early
use; this process, .is limply io hold each
plant slightly ."with' one' hand and press
the Tarth around; with the other;" so as still
more to keep-it-ihJ aJ close and oprighr
i v tr. .e"L.' sill i.L
growm. e men uraw more tanaio it
with the hoe or plow; to hold itin this po
sition. The banling"' process may take
place at any time "in September, two or
three weeks before it ' is wanted for use
In October it will require a third longer
time. The hanking is done by dis-jrinz
out the earth in the center between the
rows, and applying it neatly on each side
of the row of celery up to the tops, so as
tr TDVP'Jtn TTTll !'tria l-YfTKl1 fV is- Atwntn
tea.-
,:'-'', - r" - -
For that which we grow for winter use
no" further work is ntce:ary cn ir after
the first handling prccesu, until it is dug
up to be put away for winter use cur
system of which I have already described
in a previous number cf "Country Gtn
tleman." It is a common practice to t arth
up all the Cilery before it is put away n
winter quarters; I u: this is not only use
less but positively injurious, as it rots u.uih
quicker if blanched before putting away
in the trenchts. .
About the rarities Vest to Ci.ltivnte, there
Is much difference of opinion, and we have
new sorts sent out eve ry season, each and
all claiming to be solid.- Novr- our cxpe
perience in cultivating jeme five cr six
different sorts, leads us to the bt lit f that
the solidity or hollowness cf any variety
is mainly caused by the nature of the soil
on which it is planttd. .
The ground cn which my celery is
grown, represents three distinct varieties
of soil -namely a stiff clay ty h am, a
sandy loam, and a Hack alluvialdcpo.it,
all highly enriched by manure. On the
black leafy soil, we have Celery of fine size
but invariably hollow; on the sandy lcam
we have it of fair size and a fair degree
of solidily, but on the clayey loam we
have it of extra size and perfectly solid.
All the plants on these several soila being
from one setd-bed containing only cue
variety, the Tesults have been invariatly
the tame in seven or tight seasons, and
the sorts being repeatedly chansid dur
ing that time, From these facts it will
be seen, when we have a choire, we pre
ftr heavy loam with a clayey subsoil, as
best adaj ted for the growth of this vt ge-;
tane. as giving u wuu more suiiuny, a
better flavor, and being more conductive
to winter kttpirg.
1E1ER HENDERSON.
T. S. In r. ply to F. S." who seems
to think that an error has been made iu
the statement that fifteen thousand per
xveek isour average sales, a Haw me to
say that this is correct: ; We grow tcme
thirteen or fourte-i u acres, each acre con
taining 30,000, aud our average time ti
selling is sixteen weeks; ytt Te are by
no means the largest growers of that ve g
etable nere. There are several others
who grow nearly doulle that quantity.
Gnat quantities of this; and stveral oth
er kinds of veg. tables,' are shijpid frtm
New York to the adactut .cities and
country towns. . .. . , ... ... ..
u i. it e i
A few caulitlowerj tiicu'J Ir, lya'Ij
m'. ans, town in the -hotl tc. They are
one of the gn atest luxuries as a vi gtta
l le that is grown. A hundred plants w ill
be a good supply for a private lamiiy.
The secret ot success is a highly manur
td ?pot of ground, dttply sfadtd. Per
haps, the simplest vay to perform this, is
to open a trt nch as for cilery, one foot
deep and wide; fill in at hast six inches
of well rotttd manure, :padmg the :aiuc
up to incorporate it with the sen ; plant
two fett apart, and it more than one in
a row, three fett in each row. In all dry
spells, give a thorough scaking of water
working some of the soil down alter, to
prevent the rapid e vaporation of the mois
ture ly hot tun. Constant cultivation du
ring the summer with the hoe is a gTeat
help to th m, and most sensibly felt ii pt r
formtd while thedewiocu.
This hold good with all the Brassica or
cabbage tribe, to much so that a fint
growth has been known to result from it
without manure from ground that would
otherwise produce nothing, it cropp d
with those rank feeders.
The more we hoe," the more we grow.'
Is an old garden distich that thould nev
er be lost sight of ly those who would i x
cel in the growth of kitchen garden pro
duce. Many fail to obtain cauhhWer
from their not always heading iu Ltfort
frosts; 'when this is the ..-ase, it might
be advantageous to state that if they art
lifted roots-and all, and placed in the cel
lar, the flower will come during the early
part of winter, and thus produce a cauis
me dainty that an epicure might be proud
of.
The cauliflower may he said to be a
superior sort of .brDcoli, being when web
grown of snowy whiteness, and as tender
as asparagus uhen properly cooked.
Emery's Journal of JJgrici.lt ure. 4 ?
Grape Tines Suitable for tlieTinerj
1 Those who have no more room than
they know, what to do with bad better
not wade too det p in the. matte r of variety.
as after all quite a number of the kinds.
after you have selecti u half a dozm, are
little more than a variety that is; that
number contains the cr. am of the lot, ai.d
qune sumciei.i iot ene aroauur. ror
market purposes, where profit is cf par
amount importance,-tins list may agaiu It-
reduced down to jwo. which are Black
Hamburg and Chaise las FontaiuHt au.
Of all the fort ign grapes, Black Ham
burg is the one to most reJy cn. If twelve
vines would. plant a .house, at; least six
should be of this kma-- . ... .
The best six are Old Black Hamb urg
Chasselas Fontainbleau, Malvasia. Griz
zly -Frohtignan, Black Prince and Muscat
of .Alexandria.:. ..:;.:: .:. ; r :
. Fcr twelve, - add Victoria Hamhurirh.
Muscat, Blanc, Hatif. West's St, Peter'e,
Zinfindal. White Froctignan and'Charles
worths Tokay." -
; One plant each cf the varieties, excep
ing the Hamburg's is sufficient to rive a
change in the desert, so that for main re
liance use Victoria and Old Black Ham
burg. Emery's Journal of JUgriciilinTt.
; Several clergymen ia Ohio have re
cently resigned their charges, for -the
ajT058 Ql eaigratjn ta.Kansci ......
Hnrjsnrlr.13 Gr-isscr Millet,
MrsiEs. EriTor.! I ee in ycurIaa.
number an inquiry Icr the best substitute
fur haj whether green cats, green ccrn,
millet, fee, cr carrots, cr ether rest creps,
or tab! age are the best substituted It is
my crimen that lhe Hurgarian Grats
iked rs-far preferable to either cf the ar
ticles r.amtd alove. Ti.atai.ykir.d cf
lai.d that will raise gocd corn cr cats, trill
raise gocd Hui:giri2n xrms. ai.d ca Uzd
that, will iaise lrci CO to 10 luihtls j:tr
acre, will raise frcm tine to five tens per
acre. It has been grown here in the wc-tt
at the rate cf SwVeu tc::s per acre. Vvt.cn
it grewsfrem three to' fire tens per acre,
it w ill turn cut lrcrn thirty to fifty lushels
seed per acre. iJne luiltl cf seed u-ill
le sufLcien: o sew three teres. At tiis
place it b nevr stliir. for S.3 ptr bushel
frcm cur seed uteres. I, however, bot.ht
five lushels frcrn a country wc gen last
weft for twflve dollars, weirhirg fully
fifty pound lo the buihtl. Tho grctitd
ihculd be prt pared the sanr? as fcr scr?
iugoats, and be sown frcn tht first to th?
last of May, and it will thtab? ready to
cut right alter crt harvvit.
If cut for hay it mnst' be cct.wita Li
I loom, aud a! uut the time the lower leaves
cr I lades . begin to turn yt How. -If ixX
fur sted, it hcu!d be cut when the ttrd
is in a thick doughty state, and then bcd
in shtavts'the same as whrrt," vrtizh
makes it much mere ccrrrtnieLt for thresh-.
icg in a mnchine. The seed is cf zn dly
nanre, aciherses cr cattle -.trill eat tie
seed before com or cats, and ths hay b
fore .;, ST;j riorpT. tj
leeil ftd oa graia d tilT hi?
t tinsr cLan?td t0 one-half the rmin rA
this hay, hccn to irntrcre iredtattly
in flesh, and their cccts mere ilstk,R2d
shiny. Cattle will do very well ca this
hay after the seed is threshed cut."- The
grass ias good roots, . grows detp in 'the
cround. atd will stand dry stasens izuCh
Ye ur than auy. other. k nd cf pass..- Th? '
driest iCa.eti in the "iV'est will net aal:
the grass wilt in' the middle cf lhe day,
After the gra?s is mown, ir ralisprciircr
sucker up very thick, end vtill probably
make much more pasture than tirncthyjir
clever, after being mown during the snn
me r and fall. It will nut stand thej win
ter and must be -sown' annually I'shill
tiow al out fifteen acres the ccmh2gsfat:h
and shall thn be better able to-lest :th
t.al
ity ct
-I,
:t timcthy hay sells fcr t:n c c !
n. tie I.jv tf tho IIjr."i:.-n
.r? j r
.s -'
H.v .
:s fr:
mllt?tn(-?5 7-rt:;:. -
s. r. Eii.:-.L:nDE.-;.t
Q riser. Iliinoi.
. Although cur correspondent proncracr
es the Hungarian grass tuperior to MU
let. we suspect he has never seen, the lat
ter plant cultivated binder its prcper nam-2,
forwe can a.sure him that ' the Hungari
an grass is identical' with the-German
millet. It is a valualle forcge plant. ju;4
eipf cially adaj tt d to to the light rich soils
ol lhe rrairi s, where en nuous crcrs tc
it were grown the past yearJ .'
Profits cf Farnilr?. -
At the late meeting of the On'ario
Agricultural Society. thy awarded the.
first pn mit.m on farms to Mr. Paul I
Bill; of Seneca, N.- Y. The Committee
who awarded the priz', say ' When they
take into confide ration ihut Mr. Bill rui
cha-cd his farm rf sevt My acres, fcr 3
0C0, went into dlt -for arly the full
amcunt, and that he has paid cfl'.tljitdtl t
trrrn the actual prccetds cf the larm,
and that the condition of the farm has
been all the time improving; they looli
upon tnrse rjret instances as a very air
test of good managing nt, iarl therefore
fei 1 fully juuifitu in. .awarding :m Sh
Bill the fir.t prcniium." lie 1 as nut cr-
ly paid for the farm, I ut greatly( improve (J
ii ly underdrammg, the ri n.oval of stcne"
&lc. aiidericted a substantial larn. ar.3
11 from the proceeds of the farm itself
What he. las done, any other man i
equal energy and ittell gmce may d.
The farm has be e ii all the time "imYove-
in
g. "That's the doctrine.1" ' Uhrrefira-
I le farming deteriorates the Talue cf ili?
farm, while, profitalle farming arnprcves
it. CoviJry Gtt.ilrvian. . .. . . ,
mf . . i. ... - aiu J i
I
- Farmers would do we 11 tapayrfwrc at-'
trntion tx lhe culture cf lhe Pttu.' Frccx
wlat ixperier.ee we. tare had they. ars
rrofital le to raise. 'We- hare grown sixty
1 u.h Is per acre and down to thirty; ha.vs
rai. t d the m with a I ug in vvpry peavand
rv ry p a without a bug; if bugs' areail
ud sow early, if rtot ?cw ;in Jcne.xdcnrt
them in four inches fdecp, . harrow wtj-V
and whf n ih y are fit to cut, take a, horse
rake when the dew 'is cn, and rake then
up; j'njs ly the wirrrow foitfTeef lefore,
eirpryiriir the rake; that will leaver tzzz
rakeful by irself; takea fork and put then"
into small, round hunches, one fake.ful fa:
each, turn over ence a day until dry." We
do not know any name for the pea thaiwj
raLe. They have;, a .bluish clook;; .wh?3;
ripe, are pet tally, are .good as. green
peas, or "are" good to cook dry; haTeseer
them split and hulled for, sal? hr'Netf
York. We have never scld anyrrliave al
ways fed them W't6gs'-thin2. thy-tsy
better than corn. ' 1
: ' An Excellent person, z
Ths prcprie t :rs cf an -efihShitsi't 1?
Cincinnati, as:igr:sd'" their TzztzrJ 'l.''
they wish to do a cash tasinss,Li
following among ethers: ' "
Our temper is cot suSIraesUy citi ii?
take. pleasantly all the insular xVrcdci?
the presentation ;cf bill. n;.r2 t1t
A,-.. ... ...
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