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CM OF BE0T7II7ILLE, IT. THUBGDAY, AUGUST 20, 1057.
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Z1TZU LSD ZZZZUZA
ET C W. CIDDDJG3.
General Superintendent of the Kelratlta months in the year. The rains
Sciilemcnt Company. fan Eparingly, yet in sufficient quanti-
" ties, aided by the heavy dews, to bring
The heart cf every American citi- yegetation to perfection. The soil is
sen may well glow with an honest pride Burpassing rich and productive. The
when he thinks of his Country. With face 0f te country ; is sufficiently mi
tt loftier feeling than that whichinspired clula-ting to allow the water which falls
the ancients to exclaim "lam a Roman" on tte gurface to form into gprings,
may he say "I am an American." In jrooicg anj rivers, and the air.is so
common with my fellow citizens I love pure that fresQ meat dry in the
my country, and am proud to think the grjn without injary. It is highly charged
object is worthy my affections. Ilovo th electricity which gives a kind of
her thrilling and soulstiring history, inspiration to the whole system and
her extensive seaboard washedby many makes 0$ people feel young again.
thousand miles of ocean waters; her The summers are mild and pleasant,
vast rivers; numerous bays, seas and and the winters just long and cold
harbors, teaming with commercial life; enough to give energy to the body and
her mighty lakes spreading out into vigor to the mind. The whole country
inland seas; her hills, mountains, and ; for two hundred miles might be made
plains, abounding in every variety of jnt0 one vast corn field yielding, under
climate, production, and soil. Most of the hand of ordinary cultivation, not
all does ray heart glow "with gratitude less than 100 bushels to the acre; or,
to the Great Author of all our mercies one vast wheat field yielding 40 bushels
when I look out on the great and glori- to the acre; and it is so free from
ous West. How rapid has been the gwamps and marsh lands that com
growth of our country; how glorious and. wheat would grow on every acre
the onward march cf her progress. except in the beds of streams. In.
A few years since our government con- beauty of scenery, fertility of soil,
ccived the policy of removing the few richness and variety of production,
scattered fragments of the remaining : and healthiness of climate we question
Indian tribes to the far West, away be-.. whether its equtil can be found on the
yond the bounds of civilization, where face of the globe. Here is a country
the poor Indian might remain in nndis- . equal in extent tor the whole State of
turbed repose in the unknown solitudes Pennsylvania and capable of sustain
cf the western wilds, so far away that ing four times the number of inhabi
the white sun would never be disturb- tants ; it is now about two years since
cd by the savage yell of his war cry its virgin soil was first thrown open to
nor the clash of his arms, settlement. -Since that time emigrants
Little did the nation dream that they have been flocking into it by thousands
"were -r.l.irin" t!iese cr.nnnernd fnes in . rwl . itrlnm -ariih tf r,thar- in Lrs;
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the very garden of the country a
garden more highly cultivated and far
more productive under the hand of the
Great Spirit alone than the most highly
cultivated portions of the East. Nor
did they think they were placing these
rude sons of the forest in'the very
centre of the United States. Kansas
and southren Nebraska, whether we
measure from the Atlantic to the Pacific
or from our northern to our southern
boundaries, are the centre of our
country, the key stone to the glorious
national confederacy.
Kansas and Nebraska as now con-
stituted embrace all that extent of
country lying between the 37th and
51st parallel of north latitude, and be-
tween the Missouri river on the east
and the sumit of the Rocky mountains
on the west. A territory sufficient to interspersed with occasional woodlands
make 12 or 14 first class. States, and you will not be surprised at the fierce
capable in all probability of sustaining conflict which has been going on be-
a more dense population than the most tween the settlers from the North and
thickly populated portion of the East. South for the past two years for the
For the sake of distinctness we will occupancy of this valley; it is an object
be a little more minute and particular worth contending for; long and severe
in resrard to some of the localities of will be the conflict before either of the
this vast country. contending parties will yield.
The northern portion of Nebraska a Arkansas valley is another beautiful
is vast plain of table land, rich and and charming spot, vying with its
productive and abounding in excellent" northern neighbor in everythihg which
pine forests. The main and perhaps attracts the settler and gives pleasure
the only defects in this portion of the to life. Unlike the other portions we
West are the severity of the winters have noticed this valley increases in
and the scarcity of water. To any richness and beauty as you go West,
other people except Americans it might revealing a scene of surpassing ex
have, been a problem, whether these cellence and beauty near the base of
vast plains would yield to the hand of the Rocky Mountains.
N cultivation or remain in their original Between these two vallies, at about
'solitude; but the spirit of American equal distance from the Kansas on the
'..enterprise is already opening up farms North and the Arkansas on the South
n these plains and dotting them over is some of the most grand and enchant
with cities, towns, and villages, and it ing scenery we every beheld. In May,
will soon send thrifty forests down the 1857, it was one vast ocean of moving
Missouri to beautify and adorn its grass, extending in every direction, as
shores. far a3 the eye could reach, till this
Southern Nebraska embracing the ocean of beauty was fost in the clear
valley of the Platte, or Nebraska river blue sky. This is the track of Fre
and extending as far South as the monts route for the Pacific railroad.
northern boundary of Kansas i3 also He says, it is so level that a railroad
a vast plain nearly level and rescm- can be made for 700 "miles on an air
bling when its rich grass is moved by line without crossing a stream. It is
the wind, the ocean when under the not probable, however, that a railroad
action of a gentle breeze. To. the
eastern or northern men this is the
garden of the West; The sky is clear
and remarkably brilliant for etent or
M- V 1 9 J Q " V JL ik VU. Jl
glowing descriptions of the beauty of
its-' scenery, richness" and fertility of
its soil and healthiness of its climate.
Kansas valley is this next section on
the South which demands particular
attention. . Here yon find the Dela-
' ware, Sawen, and Wyandot reserves,
of which so much has been said, writ-
ten and printed in the past few months;
beautiful spots in a most beautiful and
lovely country. Kansas valley proper
embraces all that region, drained by
the Kaw river and its tributaries, a ter-
about 65 miles wide and 200 long.
The length is greater but it is only to
this extent that the same qualities and
.varieties of soil prevail. Too much
cannot be said of the richness and
beauty of this far famed valley. As
you wonder over these vast meadows
will ever bo built on this route, for the
iron horse could not find water enough
to quench his thirst, or enable him to ity. Coal has been discovered in many four of them actually commenced and
draw his burden. This section has localities and under such circumstances pushing forward with all possible speed,
been filled up with unprecidented as to reveal a coal field of vast extent, contending for the patronage of Kan
rapidity. The whole country for 100 As to its depth and thickness no very sas and Nebraska and the honor of
miles from the Missouri river i3 now reliable information has been obtained, being the great Pacific railroad. There
taken up and occupied by pre-emptors In the absence of this we will Tenture is a fair prospect that all these ro'ads
who are being subject to all the varie- an opinion founded on such observa- will be completed. But the Hannibal
ties of "Squatter life," Generally in tions as we were able to make, it is and St. Joseph road, connecting with
cabins 14 feet square ; some built of this: the average depth of the coal eastern roads on the Mississippi river
rough boards, some of poles and some from the surface is about 170 feet, and and extending to St. Joseph on the
of sod, some with windows and doors, the average thickness of the principle Missouri is likely to take the palm.
some with doors and "hot windows, vane is about 100 feet. We also think This is nearly finished and advertised
some with windows and not doors, and this vane extends all over eastern to be in operation during the present
some with neither windows nor doors, 3ansas and southern Nebraska. A season. This, will connect with south
some with roofs and floors, some with few years will developethe correctness era Nebraska by a few miles of steam
floors and no roofs and somo with or incorrectness of this opinion. boat navigation to the mouth of the
neither roofs nor floors.' Yet in these Nothing equal to it has yet been dis- Great Nemaha. At this place com
are living highminded and honorable coverd in the world. Here our great mences the first link of the great trunk
men, some of them graduates from our and beneficent creator has done every of the Pacific railroad West of tho
eastern colleges and universities; and tiling on the most grand and magnifi- Missouri river and extends as far West
refined amiable, and beautiful women, cent scale. The rich meadows spread as Grand Island, a distance of 1G0
from the best families in the older over thousands of miles the noble miles from the river. When this road
States, sustained in their present pri- rivers sweep through them in over- is completed southern Nebraska has
vations by hopes of future good. May powering grandeur and the monn- as extensive commercial connections as
their hopes be speedily realized. tains, throw their proud summits far any portion of our country, and will
That portion of Kansas and Ne- above thev clouds. Why should not be able to compete with any in the
braska lying near the Missouri 'river the interior of such a country corres- production of its soil and mines,
and extending back from 150 to 200 pond to its magnificent exterior. That It may now be' regarded as the set
miles is by far the most desirable.--- such is the fact we were led to believe tied -policy of this nation to build a
It is an important part of the Missouri by our own observations and discover- railroad to the Pacific coast. But "large
valley; slightly undulating, interspers- ies. These immense coal fields will bodies move slow." Congress will bo
ed with abundant wood lads, broad soon furnish a profitable investment too tardy, and either quarrel or sleep
rivers and streams and provided with for capitalists, labor for thousands of over this question till private enter
a good supply of excellent waters. our people, and fuel for the millions prise will step forth at the call of the
Being enriched by the annual wash- who are fast filling up the great valley people and build the road, and privato
ings of the best properties of the soil of the West. individuals own it a3 their own prince
dom the western high lands, which ex- 1 Pure rock salt has been discovered ly fortune. Not less than four States
tend back to the, summit of the Rocky in the valley of the Arkansaw, also equal in extent to New,York, Penn
Mountains a . distance of - nearly a salt springs, and a salt creek whose sylvania, Ohio, and Virginia are in
thousand miles, they are probably the waters are so strong and abundant as cmbrio along the contemplated track
richest lands in the world. .
.. .Their con
tiuity on the one hand
i riyer whlsli will always
the Missouri
furnishjm outlet to their surplus pro- southern Nebraska, there are largo increase greatly thef demand for tho
duce, and on the otlieVto the vast salt washings caused by immense salt road and furnish material for its con
western plains which must for many springs. During the, summer salt is struction. When we take into consid
years make a heavy demand on them formed on these marshes by the. action eration the immense emigration west
for bread stuff, stamps them with im- of the sun, turning them into vast ward, the inexhaustable resources of
rnense valu-3 to tho emigrant who seeks fields as white as our snow in the the country through which this road
a home in the West. As you go West winter. It is safe to presume that will pass the, mighty empire growing
from the Missouri river the climate and there is more salt in southern Nebras- up on the Pacific coast, and that this
soil become more dry and the" rains ka than in all the United States east road is already completed, or under
less frenuent. till at a distance of 3 or of the Missouri river. This will soon contract more than half the distance
4 hundred miles the rains fall as seldom become the Salina of the West and
as they do in Egypt; and the soil, furnish the entire Mississippi and Mis
though very rich, will probably fail to souri vallies with salt.
yield a crop under thehand of ordinary
cultivation except of those grains and abundance and of excellent quality are -work is done, the ocean seems to bo
vegetables which mature very early also found here. the principle chanel of commerce be
in the season. It is covered with a The commercial prospects of this tween the nations of the earth and the
rich grass which springs up as soon as section are not less inviting than its land takes its place; London, Paris,
the snow leaves and has furnished ex- virgin soil and its invaluable mines. and Constantinople, which have for
cellent pasture for-tihe vast herds of Such soil, richer than Egypt ever was ages been the centres of commerce,
buffalo, on which they have, fed and in the most palmy days of its prosper- are high and dry like a fishers net on
fattened from time immemorial. These ity, and spreading over an extent of a rock. The whole eastern trade u
have, however, caught the spirit of the country almost equal to the conquests turned from the dangers of the ocean
age and like the rest of the world are of Alexander and capable of sustain- to our over land route, and the Mis
moving West. " ing a population more dense than that souri valley becomes the centre of
The climate varies with both the of China, with its eastern shores swept commerce the centre of empire the
latitude and longitude and in general for more than a thousand miles by the centre of the World.
discription will apply to the whole.-
TVio rrfVi ia WooL- an1 War
.
is exceedingly variable the centre
O J .
is dry ; eastern Kansas and southern
Nebraska are blessed with the most de-
sirable climate. They have the lati-
tude of Maryland and Virginia, but
they have a much more mild, even and
healthy climate. The heat of summer
and the cold of winter being a number
of degrees less. The bleak and almost
constant winds render the winters un-
pieasant, out tney aua as mucn io iue
pleasure of summer as they diminish
from that of winter. There is a brae-
, . . - . .
mg and invigorating element in tne
atmosphere not surpassed, we think,
in
any part of the United States,
'r 7
king this region a desirable resort
making this region a desirable resort
for persons of reduced constitution
and feeble health.
In regard to mineral wealth much
of interest might be said. Partial
geological surveys have been made in
eastern Kansas and southern Nebras
ka, by private individuals and.explor-5
ing 'parties, all of whom report coal
in great abundance and excellent qual-
to make the Arkansaw river brackish
for a considerable distance after they
'mingle with it. " InSalina county, in.
Iron oar and lime stone in great
largest river in the world, furnishing
nil tli ft facilities of stoambnat Tiavirra-
tiori, must soon be covered with highly
' -
cultivated fields, doted over with cities,
towns and villages, and teaming with
an active and enterprising population,
The eastern division of this great coun-
try will yieldarich reward to the hand
of industry in the most prolific growth
of indian corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley,
hemp, and potatoes; in short, every
production common to the temperate
zones, xue miucrai weauu is uueuuy
calling the attention of capitalists and
. .
will soon demand active operations
ii j. i . j i ..
and large out lays to develop it.
These scenes of wealth and incentives
to enterprise must produce considera-
it
ble trade with other parts of the Union
ble trade with other parts
and demand railroads and all the
modern facilities for travel and trans-
portation. Hence the locomotive with
his train of cars will soon dash across
the Missouri river and run far out into
the interior of these great plains; thus
opening the way for an outlet to pro-
ducts cf the soil and the mines.
Six
railroads are now in contemplation,
of this road and will, in all probabili
ty, be added to one glorious sisterhood
in.. less., t hart. five years, . .These will
across the continent, only about 1,200
miles remaining tto be provided for, is
it visionary to suppose it may be com-
pleted in ten years ? When this great
TO THE PUS LIC.
On the 26th of January last,
to iciiio Robert na-knd j
land knownastcl S-'tini i
I conliiionally cont acted
G. lLe:fin a pr.t ot the
Mid coutrj-ct h.. been ftr-
c!
the failure or aid H.iwk tml Melvintc comply
n!it'ons on '.heir part. I tbei cfor, take this
method of ws.ninj he public not .o pnrcbae stock in
land or In a town called Alamo, winch I underatand
is alo tto be laic t.ut on sain tract, from any pertons.
I am the sole owner of Laid land, and will make cotities
upon sales by ei'terof the aive named gentlemen. I
further state that altbon?h ibave ;herisht;o retain the
amount they paid me as a forfeiture. I am not disposed to do
so, and nownotifyali pets n concerned tba. I am ready
and willing to reiunt! to Messr Hawk and Melvin the
amount they oaid me on said conditional prr:h use.
August I5tb", 1867. LOC13 SEAL.
W. II. "WILLIAMS,
TTHOLK3ALI AND RETAIL DEALER IX
gQTpg & TINWARE
Oregon, ZVXo.,
rpAKES pleasure in announcing the citizens of Or-
1 gon and the public in general, that he has on
hand the most extensiTe etock of stores and Tin-
ware, ever offered in this market. Mj stock of Tin-
ware is of my own manufacture, and is for sale t
5?iS.Pt stock of
cooking stoves, comprising i
patterns both A ir-Tight and Premi
maj be found Filly's Charter Oak,
the most improved
remium. Among tnem
the best stove now
in use, the Asiatic" Air-Tight, Pioneer and prise Pre
mium. Also
Parlor & Box Stoves
Of various Sizes and Patterns, which I will
SELL LOWER TIIAN ANY HOUSE IN TOWN.
Particular attention paid to making and putting
up Tin Gutters, in the town and country. Also, re
pairing done on short notice and on reasonable term.
Old copper, Brass and Pewter taken in exchange
for work or ware. W. W. WILLIAMS,
Tl-n5 Oregon, Mo., Julj 5, 13j(J.