Uoutrulitv And Public
pinion
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fii fii whiih'ic "t II1 tar. 'nin
, . '",,,',' W4 1h.it litf ! !'ltfl h
ti' V f y ,1 Lif-Kf
Ihr Be vit iw)Hl.tncr ! hr, cn
liilrrt'il, Ast'S h tlie caii.' t a i
j-far, (irftiiÄtijr riri.mhlr.tly
r -..'.( m lirr ii!in i"n and in hrr ,!
iu:nn, In ary fvfnf, thcre
deal in !, i, l Trvfly!i at thc
ime nf hi tf.iti.itt"n fsom ihc
J.Uitrh Ciilinf( t tlte k,,n !
tf ar; I (Ii.s.ipitmvp ai mucli
any i.tie the hrradi of I! li;nim neu
Iraüty ly (icrnunv, btit 1 insist that
if France hat! hrrn giulty of this
wron, w-e wimlil Ikivc protosted in
tinie faihion without coimiiittintf our
country to war."
Aliive all, what becomr of the
Engtiüh claim that Great l'.ritain va
induccd to join thi war brcausc of
the trjutticc that Germany had done
to Belgium, whcn Grcy, on tlte third
of August, in hi, Speech to Parlia
mcttt, said that on the rlay hcfore.
namely, on the second of Aiißiist, and
before Germany had touched Ucdgium,
he had promiscd France that if France
and Germany became engaged in
war, the Flnsltsh fleet would protect
the north coast of France with British
ships. Was that nrntrality? There
is no ; claim that this promise was
not made before Germany was guilty
of any conduct with respect to Bcl
"i'ium. In the same peech Grey admits
that as early as 1906 the ofileers of the
Engliab. and the oflicers of the French
army had been communicating for
the purpose of preparing themselves
aKainst a common enemy. Even now
in an Enfrlish maeazine we may read
praise of Churchill for having had the
foresight to have the English fleet re
viewed as early as July (while the
German Kaiser was sailiiitf in his
yacht in the North Sea), in order that
the fleet mierht be ready for prompt
action when the war commenced. And
that Statement finds support 1n the
correspondence to the New York Na
tion. No wonder Trevelyan said
whcn he resißned that they had been
' assured that England was free to act,
but that they found now that she
had been committcd all the timc.
Are not these circumstances to be
weighed in determining the question
of Kuut or nnocence ot this world
war? . "
11 is not for me to say that
this or that is true; but I do say that
it. is gtated in re'sponsible Journals,
lnasmuch a wc are judginfj men and
nations by books and articles, it is
fair to present this side. It is also
fair to add that the attache of Bel
Kium in St. Petersburg officially re-
ported in so many words, that it was
obvious that the Kaiser had done
rverything within his power to prevent
the war, and that there was littje
Question that the war party in Russia
could not be kept in control after the
considcncc had gained ground in St,
Fctersbursr that Great Britain would
stnd behind Kussia in any event.
These, too, are only circumstances,
but why should they not be weighed?
To my mind there is strong proof
i'aat the Belgian governnient was rc
6onsiblc, and that the Belgtan peoplc
are innocent. All the synipathy that
:es out to them they deserve. , No
one pn this side can 'do too much;
but, let me aak, why not other
peoples? Do you suppose that the
Cossacks inflicted no suffering upon
wotnen and children in Fast Prus
i sia? Or do we fail to think about
I t'hcir ssyfiscring because the English
l'nguage fails to record it? Why not
, ie Poles; are they guilty? They do
ss.ot belong to any country. And does
lfy one need to be told about their
: . ferinj?, with two armics niarching
j.oss their country as oflen as three
y s and does any one raise a voice
ff band for them? If we are to
Aveep, why not shed our tears im
parrially? Why not remember Finland? . A
cilized country with her own re
ligion and her own literäture, de
prived of her constitutional inde
pendchee by, the stroke of the Czar's
perl,, and now furiher subjected to
wrong and deprivation? Why not
sympathize with that peoplc? If you
douht tlie grivity of their case, read
the voluiue by F'ishcr, who is an
F.nglishman.
Ihcre are two other matters that
rfeeive their coloring froin the re
porti that corae to u by way of
England. 1 repeat, it is a mistake
to tut oft conimunication with Ger
itiany and Austria-Hungary, because
had we feit froin the beginning that
wc heard both sides impalience would
never have entered our judgment,
iirtd it would be unnecessary for us
to present the other side in such meet-
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.,ii! e, n.wdift ,.s i !. r I ,.,
prp f l ',,, (, ,,!,, rcu
IHtt f" , . ,!h .'!' f:T Klül 's ptt
IN trrt I'nl.iiu an rn t,- riiain
U'i a prat . A M"i !,,!'! ,,f it,
k"i, i! her d, i (f lirt tli
.tr-rri f üiit k l.t'i. 1 Hi).
1 hrrt ihrre J tlie t.ilc lh.it Ihr
Karier had u Inndrcd (hm-wIimi
bot. t kriiiw that the ,,,, ,,i!ir,
wlm f, II wem at the front t In?
('i.ilit voted aHimit one war !.
prnpriation, and ninre hai listn rnad''
'i! that that) of tlip r linaliou nl
tltrrr of l.rrat Bnlatn's ni"it dit
tiliKtiished rilietis front her Cahiitrt.
because Ihcy did not approve of the
war.
We hrar ahout atrocitits. 1 shall
not g int that stihicct. We km.w
that there are atroeititrs in ajl war.s.
and that thrrc are had peoplte in all
countries. Hut, upnn reflection, the
American mind will hardly accept
that the German soldier n least a
product of a schooling systeni and ot
a System ot laftor anl work is innre
brutal than an army that it composed
es English, French, Begtatis, Kussians,
Japanese, Hindus and Turcosl It does
not appeal to the imaginatton and
judgment; and rather than listen to
all these accusations, I would takc the
words of Lord Roberts an Enclish
man such as Great Britain has ever
had, a man, every inch of him who,
in wrtting the boc k Fortv Ycars in
India," observcd the moderation and
the modesty that Graut showed in his
memoirs, and who deprecated these
accusations because, as he said. "there
are atrocities in all wars." Finally,
as investigations are made by Arner
icans, and even by Enghshmen, these
accusations fall to the ground.
And so about the attcks upon the
coast. It is the puroose now to have
us believe that those attacks are bar-
barous and savage. It is true a man
reading an aecount like that is bound
to put down the paper, One child or
one woman killed or injured in that
manner is eiiotich of traedy for a
whole war. Have you read about the
little, peasant girl in Galicia who re
ceived the highest order froin the
Austrian Emperor because her leg
was shot off while arrying water to
the fighting soldiers? But let us re
member that the first attack on an
undefended coast was made by the
British ship Pegasus, while the coast
of England is at least defended; and
the firsUaerial raid was made upon
unfortisied Duesseldorf in Germany.
That was the introduction in the
early part of the war. which has been.
followed up since then at other points;
and the only dtiference between the
two is that the one has been effective
and the other was not.
hat brings to my mind the point
to whTch yotir chairman referred, and
which should not be forgotten. Great
Britain will naturally make much of
these attacks because she has not
sinelt foreign powder in her country
for several centuries. I do- not say
that rejoicingly, but these are facts.
Great Britain has fought many war,
and has had many peoples help her
fight, but she has had no hghting on
English soil. Granting that her men
have fought like brave men and they
have been and are a brave peoplc, in
spite of everything that may be said
now they have not know for cen
turies what it is to have English wo
nien and children subjected to the
ravages of war.
Germany, on the other band, knows
what war means. She has never had
time to sorget, and she is not apt
to declare war hastily.
When abroad last summer I asked
whether I could get a picce of old
German furntture. 1 knew I could
get French and Italian, but I wanted
a representative picce of old German,
I was told it could not be had, because
the thirty years war had lest none.
That is the whole story. , No one
knows now that country has been
devastated by wars fought upon its
soil. ; often hv foreian contendintr
forcee. Only the other day I read that
no lustorian has ever darert to put in
print the real story of the thirty years'
war. Was it very dirterent in the
Napoleonic war? llumiliation hero-
lsm, but no rccogtiuion in tue treaty
of Vienna. Had Germany been given
Elsas and Lothringen by treaty hen,
that question would have been justly
and linally scttled. She was denied
even so much. She was lest to take
these provinces in 1870, and thus was
sowed the sced for another war. Ger
many knows the story that England
has forgotten; and the pcople nf
Great Britain are naturally morc sen
sitive, in view of their experience
uring the last few centuries about tlie
real suTerings of war, , t
Howevcr, all this does not go to
the real cause, We cannot determine
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r 'j li fl t.ulur .l.iy,
tirrnnny . t !. jr the t'fi'tiA
Uiiilard-I'r,iri r (.( f,(,;t1 ciilif.
!.! i;iiii,i i j-i n r in r.,tt linu nt lir
f.iiiso I iu:l.tml has i t ini'c titin 4
a!ais'Irn i tlie k.tit','. lhal 1 t!i
iiiihwiiii tn;u ,-xi,t, ,.,,!,, n. 1 ,,, nt
hruii,' Cirvitale, Ihr 'pt,"li,, ically
as Itow iihcr (ouniiir
I allein
uh'hi-( nf . liatue iliirc
cmild he 11, , ,!,,,!,, , had d'i-ra!,',
the sia'iic of -.U;i all these years
am! the peoplc V.I10 did that could
Hot rriM Ihc w ar frvrr h, 11 th
clianer cante. She had her war party
and the day, had toine. Ecry one
accejits that, and every one even
her cniiims fi et prul'utindcst sym
palhy for her. But that does not say
that LUas has not been as well gov-
ernttl by Germany lreland has
been by EttIand. she seriotu ques
tmn was whether l.nla,id would
ally herseif with her natural friend
Germany, 10 postpone war, or with
ner trauitionai enemy. Kussia, to
bring war about. As Grey said, she
consulted her own interest. She had
a civihzed compelitor anainst whom
sne 11 an no cause tor war, but lor
whose humiliation she was willing to
ttecome a party to anv Combination
In my judgment, she comniitted the
greatest blunder in her htstory, be
cause her uii(uestioned triumph would
ue her protoundest deieat.
If Great Britain succeeds with Rus
sia and Japan in dtfeating Germany
for the time betng. is there doubt in
your minds that Russia will take Con-
stantinople, will in that way control
the way to India, and will lay the
sirst foundatton for the dismember-
ment of the British Empire? Who
would chttle the questions which must
surely arise in such a contingency be
tween England and her Eastern al
ly? .,
vhol are Great Britain' allies?
First ahd foremost, Russia. Is that
a Combination to invite our considence
and our synipathy? What has be-
cotne 01 the sentiment that was creat
ed.iil years past by the writtugs of
hennan about the horrors of Sibcriai
What has become of the impressions
that were created by the fate of Fin
land? What is there to change the
attttude of the United States, whose
people sympathized with Japan
agamst Russia and are now asked to
side with Russia agamst Germany?
VVhere is the populär demand that
fpreed an abrogation of all treaties
between the United States and kus
sia because of the oppressive rnea
sures which Russia exercised agamst
citizens of the United States visit
iug their old homes? Do those who
prate about brutality really wish the
triumph of a government whose rep
utation speaks naught but oppres
sion? And what of Japan? What is the
foundation and where is the justisica
tion of that alliance? Will anybody
believe that Japan entered the war
without definite assurance of eonl-es
sions? Then what has become of this
abhorrence of comptest? Does any
one know when, uuder what circum
stances, and with what obliations the
treaty between Great Britain and Ja
pan was made? Was it an offensive
and defensive treaty against the
world? If we were excepted, was as
much true of other countries? If so,
who are they? And if Germany alone
was had in mind in that treaty do we
not get a hint as to responsibility
for this war?
I ask is not such a condition sug
gestive for us for the future in the
far East?
Who are the other allies? The
Hindus? No. They are not allies,
They have not the independence to
form an alliance. They are. citizens
for tlte purpose of br ing soldiers, and
for no other. I do not desire to
critieize the Hindu; but I am endeav
oring to see just how it would look
to us. 1 It is gomewhat anoifialous,- il
appearu to me, to know that a Hindu
is practically exeluded front Canada,
and, if he gets in, is generally sent
back, althouh he comes under the
flag of Great Britain. And yet the
Canadian and the Hindu are fighting
side by side in the name of Civilisa
tion aainst Germany. Not unlike,
Auslralia, suspicious of the encourage-
rfttnt to Japan in the l'acihc Uccan,
but gt orifying in the Combination of
their flects to humilate Germany.
Is there attythiitg inspiring in the
presence of the Turco? No American
will say that he ought to be a soldier
in such a war. He belongs to a
Subject race. There is no tliought of
his figtiting for his own independence
or cause. i he muhest motive that can
be attnbuted. to bim 11 his joy ini
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ifoin ti, .,',1)11 r ( o;oüi; i , r t'o
n,(r ;n d, d, li r ii.id 1,1 the
In 'm ttii'iii-i l n, i, l.rt'rr, il Sie , ,d
r ad ,,!het bo -fcs !.o.it tu i tii4 f. v, be
..(il, ( kiio (lut he bas roni!l.'ii ly
nneil the omt , f t'n e autiiors.
I'hfir piral to the t i.iit pcoi-b:
as to n K . up: that was t It r r real
ptt';i. TIk v fi an d that the öl I Splitt
of ihr Deutsche Michel had aijain
cotne tipoii the i-o-.ititry, cir that the
i!-oplc mii;ht jütfti-r the coiuriiott fate
of prospenty; "1 thry otilst to
aronse the pcople front what they
thotii'Jit to be klh.triiv and hiMiry.
Bitt if we must sju-k f brutality,
let us rccall hat atuhors of olhrr
countries have said. Hitc there been
no Fu!thtncn who talked war and
idvocated prenaration? Lord Roberts
counseled an Eiu-li-di artiiy based
Jtpori Service, and he was a respected
soiiiier and cittzcti. Churchill had for
soiiie time avowedly aitued at Ger
many in his public ittterances, Lea,
,in American, as late as l'J12, in a
buok dedicated to Lord Roberts, an
nounced it to be the first duty of
Great B ritain to crush Germany; and
Kttchene reputatton rests upon Ins
ahility to ruthlessly mow down sav-
ages. Is there notnmg savage, for Il
lustration, in Kipling, the poet? Has
any man succeeded in puttitig bru
tality in so poetic a form, with the
eternal refrain of the white man's
bürden, and never a thouk'ht for the
yellow man? Is there nothing bru
tal in Curzon s speech, in which he
anticipates the joy of seeing the
Xurcos dance ou the sidewalks of
Potsdam? And has France had no
war spirtt? Her present Minister of
War has for many years favored an
attack upon Germany. Russia has
had her war party, mena;tng the
peace of the world. Our country had
Admiral Mahan, who believed in tak-
intr territory for the purpose of
spreading Civilisation and meeting our
responsilnlity to the world. Nor
should we sorget that there was a
time when we had Roosevelt, and re-
garded hirn as something of an In
terpreter of public sentiment.
So let us dcal with these facts, and
let us not be lost in phrases of mili
tarisni. If Germany was strong in her own
army, let it be reincmbered that she
had not as large a percenjage of sol
diers to her Population as France;
and her appropriations per capita
were smaller. Her appropriations for
army and navy were not as large as
those of Great Britain, and per cap
ita they were much smaller. They
were not as large as those of Russia.
And above all, her army is composed
of her own citizens the same citi
zens who have made her a Nation of
first rank by every test of high civi-
lization.
When we speak of the dangers of
such a power in Germany, wdiy not
reflect upon the power of the British
fleet? Is there no signisicance in a
fleet which arbitrarily controls the
seas, and, so far as we can see, niakes
international law to meet the case?
As for the Kaiser, he is not an abso
lute Monarch, 'as is so often stated.
These impressions about militari sin,
monarchy and burcaucraey m Ger
many have been permitted to grow
and live, because English Information
has not kept pace with German de
velopment. But now since we have
watched the Kaiser for some five
months, I think we must ad mit that
there is at least one imperial figure
who with every son at the front, chal
lenges the world's attention; They
:ire a part of a System of which the
people themselves form a part; more
cornpletely than is the case in any one
of the other countries. Germany is
country of Service from Kaiser to
Knecht in peace and in war.
I had not been in Germany for
forty-two years, arriving . there two
days before the state of war was de
clared; but I witnessed the greatest
demonstration that was ever pre-i
sentea to nie. 1 could not have be
lieved that it was possible for any
people to exhibit such unanimity of
spirit and devotiön. On the day be
fore the war, apparently every human
being hoped that war might be
averted; but in one hour the change
was wrought, an army was created,
an army of men at the front, and an
army of warnen at home. Without
sicn of rejoictng or dismay upon
every lip the word Schicksalsstunde. I
stood at the railroad Station in Muen
chen for hours and saw the strangers
apparently of all countries rush to
get away. with alt the anxiety ana
terror arnong them, I never heard a
word of uniriendlincss: never saw an
act caleulated to invite friction or dis
comfort, As late as September, in
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'.Nt had ff-tt;.
I U sott. i I ;o
pilH It f.l.tltilv I I 1 IHjl.itl l, li .it tf U'f
, a n i s to , ,,o ,,, !? will (,t'ri;i.iMy
' must Work t n t i.i.tiiv. In ,i, r
i !,o(4 he .avs that hui -iiii rary i! ,, ,
tiül tu i i an! y iiiimH the i.iüie thiiii;
! in Mso cf.'ititries, und that Ihr grratcsl
'll.islake I Umland has liiade tlli re-
sfcit to ,, , it, anv tu niiiiiders!ad
her I al k nietn, Ihc foitriilalion of
her ri atiottal tretti;ih. lle s.i l.tig
lattd has kept the turn of Ine r,;ovcrn
im nt, but has disinisscd the lisc ,,f ex
perts. Germany has rrtaiucd the rx
lirrt, and has rvolnd the tuost stic
ce. f u t j'Mtctn of liberal self-govern-
iciit upon tlie old rtile laid down by
Mein, that ts ktiowu to the iivibzed
world of the present day. The restilt
is that uermaiiy has no paui,crs: she
has only poor; she has rio fecling of
coiiiempt tor poor peoplc, but she has
solicitude; she has no beggars on the
streets. because there is work or sup
port; she has no unprotecled orphans,
because the government takes control
and secs to their bringing up. If per
stiasive evidence were needed of the
pertection of her system in the care
of her destitute, it need only be said
that in spite of all the horrors and
cost of her war, she has even now
made an appropriation of $100,000,000
for the reconstruction of East I'rus
sia, destroyed by Russian invasion
Within the last few months. ihe has
not rested with the appropriation, but
she has appointed a Commission of
trained men to ascertain the best
method for the restoratton of the de
stroyed country, uporf lines and in a
fashion that will conslitutc an im
provement ove'.' the conditions that
prevailed before the war. These are
evidences of her success in a sield in
which, despite all our declamations
ahout liberty, rrtost civilized countries
of the present day have failed.
' I need not say that it is not for us
to make comparisons in passion. For
one, I do not share the fecling that is
sometimes expressed with respect to
England. I think England has made
a great political mistake. That is my
judgment, and in that I am borne out
by the Statement made by Trevelyan
at the time of his resignation. He
said among other things that war had
been dcclared because they did not
wish to see France destroyed, but
that he was just as much interested
in the name of civilization not to see
iermany destroyed. He asked whether
they are to rejoice to see Russia
come out of this war successfully
with her wild and ever renewing
hordes of endlcss peoples to pour
down upon bowed western civiliza
tion? He adds that they are really
fighting for Russia.
As many of you no doubt know, I
have always been an admirer of Eng
land. The books of srreat Ensrlishmen
are on my shelves, and I cannot sor
get that such Inspiration as has come
to me I must attnbute in large part
to English influence. I can not ques
tion that most of our citizenship,
whatever its origin, must be in some
measurc indebted for the same experi
ence. srue, there are German books
upon my shelves, and I may regret
that they are not more widcly under
stood in my country. I cannot but
believe that our people would be ben
efited by a ,better appreciation of the
sublime idealism of Schiller, the pro-
iound philosophy of Goethe, the in
tensc patriotisin of Arndt and Jahn,
and the great statesinanship of Stein,
But with all that, no American can be
asked to sorget that England always
had her great men as she has now. I
mtst still turn to Burke, Pitt, Fox
and others, who were friendc to oUr
country in the day of her need, and
who today vrovide Inspiration for
high patriotism. We cannot be
asked to sorget that in the day of our
Civil War, but for Bright, the great
Englishman, we might have had Eng
land against us. I cannot sorget that
in this day there are Morley, Treve
lyan, Burns and others, who see Eng
land's case much as l see it, and who
regard her attitude as a blunder.. I
cannot sorget that Bryce wrote a book
which was an awakening for the
United States, and thereby rendered
a' Service of inestimable value to us.
The'truth is that the peoples of
Germany and England are so closely
related that this Conflict should never
have . been. All the strengt! they
have should have gone to each other's
support, to sustain them in tlie ulti
mate Conflict. Germany has under
stood the literature and the laws of
England, and has profited by them.
Although the English people have no
corresponding acquaintance with Ger
man literature, her distinguished men
havcrepeatcdly paid tribute to Ger
man thought and influence. We need
1
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I f 1 1 r i ' f v" do- iioi mr.il! per ;if-
''!" "' " C. ! ' l,H rtll a'ik'dlH!" iiti
I .Tt.:!n y l.itvsi'ti In Dieri nt. ftnd
, tt r i tt i n n s ' in e ution our own rlts.
;Kn i Ii ii ii f 1 1 t I f p f t f ü it f i ( f r .
Pin tidti iiitmrr, after frhr miihtirtrr
.'iwrt i itiitrf Otrliriiiieit'ttftif.
Gugnt fiihontcrif.inifd; Gclchtle
fe'ta ttüu'rdt, da kl sie niemaU folcsx
löpfcrci '.(rtifcf gcschcn hätten, ttte
it iitü.ikänische Forscher It, Fa
tabee sie cuf feiner ichieit ürpebilion
in die Wildnlffe des unbekannlen
eru Iei l5oiiebo-Jdiancrn gesunden
hat. (ti sind wahre Wunderwetke
dieser Siunft darunter, so z. !8 Kru
ge von fast 4 Fuß Höhe und über
4 Fuß Weite und dabei ausfallend
dünn nlir einen f leinen Bruch
teil von einem Zoll dick, manche klei'
nere sind so dünn wie Papier und
mit sehr schönen Dekorationen. Und
das alles ist ciusschließlich Handar
beit, nicht einmal ein Töpfer-Rad
wird von den Eingeborenen dabei
benutzt!
Das sind, wohlgemerkt, heutige
Kunstwerke,' nicht etwa Ueberbleibsel
einer glänzenden Vorzeit. Dr. Gara
bce erlangte 100 Proben solcher Ar
tikel, von denen man nicht weiß, zu
welchem Zweck sie von den Indianern
angefertigt werden. Es ist schade, daß
seine Expedition infolge des Welt
krieges, welcher die Transport- und
die Geldwcchslungs-Verhältnisse zu
schwierig gestaltete, vor der Zeit ab
gebrochen werden ' mußte; sie dürfte
aber unter günstigeren Verhältnissen
wieder aufgenommen werden. Merk
würdigerweise können die Conebos
ein noch so gut wie unbekannter
Stamm, der etwa 3500 Meilen von
der Mündung des Amazonen-Stro-mes
lebt außer diesen erstauii
chen Kunstwerken nichts von irgend
welcher Bedeutung schaffen: es ist ihr
einziger Beitrag zur Kultur. Die
Krüge geben beim Anschlagen einen
metallischen Klang, nicht selten einen
melodischen. '
Das furchtbarste Grubenun
glück der letzten 20 Jahre war das
von Courrires, bei dem 1200 Men-
schen ums Leben gekommen sind..
.Die Pappel wächst schnell; ein
bei . 'Königswusterhausen . stehender
Pappelbaum, der erst im Jahre 1848
gepflanzt wurde, hat jetzt bereits eta
18 Fuß Stammumsang.
Das Wort Muskete kommt aus
dem Jiälienischm Moschetto, eine Art
kleiner Habicht. ,Das Wort Husar
aus dem Ungarischen husz, welches 20
bedeutet, also eine kleine Truppe.
Um den Film Hans Gersten
korn" (eine Verherrlichung des Biers)
aus den Bildertheatern zu entfernen,
haben die Prohibitionisten Z25.000
geboten. '
Inder berühmten Fingals-Höhle
auf einer der Hebriden-Jnseln ertönt
dauernd eine melodische Musik, wahr
fcheinlich verursacht durch Tropfen,
die von der Basaltdccke niederfallen
ins Meer) oder durch Luftwellen, die
von der Meeresbewegung in Schwin
gungen versetzt werden.
Paris erhält sein Trinkwasser
aus der .Ferne durch die Leitungen,
von denen eine 173 Kilometer lang
ist.
Das alt, st e deutsche Kirchen
lied, das wir noch besitzen, stammt
aus dem 9. Jahrhundert und ist dem
heiligen Petrus gewidmet.-' .
Als der große Krieg ausgebrochen
war, gingen den amerikanischen Rei
senden 23.000 Stück Gepäck in
Deutschland verloren, die sie aber
fast alle zurückerhielten. ,
Die Kakaobohnen dienten
in Alt-Mexiko als Scheidemünze;
100 Stück von ihnen hatten etwa den
Wert von 75 Cents' In manchen
Teilen von Costarica ersetzen sie noch
heute die kleinen Kupfermünzen.
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.vJ!'..f i"l -.'', tit V.'i ! '.. rt
:.,., t:r-..-k'.'..k. i:t kn ::tan '.it
intr, N!. '!'!!..: ') i-,m Vk.'Vi
ren Kttitn. r! t'is: x.,t el
eine g !,'! ?ikl!ct v.'N -,,n:ettrn,
lie küiti, s.'ikN'iüiilkN ,'i;.oi'ni!;ui'l)
(d'iifn, d. tj. tvn (.V dek sie
'l'uufc auf 1 uc.u ki, !,!!, Jt.uten da
hinjitiit. ('s geirälzr? tiuw foitt-etdfi
reit Anblick, wenn da! 'I"usikkirpt
eines derartigen Ne,'.in:ek!tS anniin
sicrt kommt und wkiin ir.Uttn darin
dir L'tiwe Hund eifrig itlnb d,ihcr
italicf, h!,i!,r sich den nttdrigen. tour
eckig: i'uuitr.ljrmt, aus dem hit
gtot;e Trommel ruh,', die der Pau
lenichläger kraftiz bearbkitet. Bei
dielen ösierreichiicken Negimentöinu
sikcn tritt an die Stelle des Hundes
ein Ponn.
Man sollte es laicht glauben, aber
es ist tatsächlich . wahr: auch die
Katze bildet einen Bestandteil deZ
Heeres, und zwr des deutschen!
Freilich zieht sie nicht mit ins Feld,
aber für die Futtermagazine der Äar
nisonen ist das Vorhandensein einer
Katze vorgeschrieben, die ein Halsband
mit den Buchstaben K. M. i't." trägt,
wodurch sie als amtliche Königliche
Magazin Katze" gekennzeichnet ist.
Da sich überall da, wo größere Fut
tervorräte . lagern, erfahrungsgemäß
Ratten und Mäuse einnisten, so so
durch .das Halten dieser - Katze ' dem
Überhandnehmen dieser Nager borge
beugt werden. Im Haushalt des
deutschen Heeres sind für die Bekö
stigung jeder dieser Maaazinkatzen
monatlich zwei Mark ausgeworfen.
Man erkennt auch aus diesem ' klei
nen Zuge, wie fürsorglich die Hee
resverwaltung jede Einzelheit ihrer
umfangreichen Organisation behan
delt. Im französischen Heere gibt es
gleichfalls Katzen, die sogar mit in die
Schlacht gehen. Es sind gewöhnlich
die Turkos, : also eine afrikanische
Truppe, die ' aus dem Tornister zu
weilen eine Katze mitzuschleppen pfle
gen, von der sie glauben, daß sie
Glück 1 bringe. Dieser afrikanische
Aberglaube mag noch daher rühren,
daß die Katze bei den Aegyptern ein
heiliges Tier war. 1870 wurden noch
zahlreiche Turkos mitsamt ihren Kat
zen gefangen.
Ueber ein noch sonderbares Tier
verfügt die englische Marine, r.äm
lich über weiße Mäuse. Auch ihre
Haltung und Pflege ist amtlich borge
schrieben, und zwar auf den Unter
feebooten. Auf den englischen Unter
seebooten ereigneten sich bei früheren
Probefahrten dadurch mehrfach Un
fälle, daß ' schädliche Gase in den
Mannschaftsraum ausströmten. Nun
hat man durch besondere Versuche er
kannt, daß gewisse Vögel sowie vor
allem weiße Mäuse gegen eine derar
tige Luftverschlechterung sehr empfind
liche sind. Sobald auch nur geringe
Mengen von schädlichen Gasen in der
Luft sich zeigen, lassen die weißen
Mäuse ein ängstliches Piepsen hö
ren. Infolgedessen erging die Vor
schrift, daß auf jedem englischen
Unterseeboot in bestimmten Räumen
Käfige mit Weißen Mäusen mitzufüh
ren sind. Auch in die Flagge der
englischen Unterseeboote sind, um sie
als 'Unterseebootsflagge zu kennzeich
nen, derartige Mäuse aufgenommen
worden.
I n S a n Antonio, T e x.,
wurde der Löwenbändiger, Kapitän
Harry Carling, der Miller BrotherZ
Show" angehörend, welche dort Bor
stellungen gibt, deren Reinertrag für
die Erdbeben-Notleidenden in Italien
bestimmt ist, von einem jungen Lö
wen angegriffen rntf- wäre jedenfalls
zerrissen worden, wenn man ihm nicht
rechtzeitig hätte zu Hilfe kommen kön
nen. ' ''"' .." - 1
Im Altervon80 Jahren
hat sich Henry Meyers im Hause sei
ms Sohnes in Leech Corners bei
Greenville, Pa., erschossen. Er hatte,
mit der Familie das Abendessen ein
genommen und ging dann in sein
Schlafzimmer, wo er sich aus unbe
kanntem Grunde das Leben nahm,
' ! '