'T - ft W ' HflT" " ,
The Commoner
JANUARY, 1922 r
:-1
suiting His colJftn4;P.o5W
nient of a majority, of the members
the
Commission, offer the services of the latter to
?S? offer declared by, one of. the two. Govern
on m shall be sufficient to give jurisdiction of
the case to the Commission in accordanpe with
!hn foregoing paragraph. ,.,.- ,m;
The place of meeting shall be determined by
the Commission itself.
1 ARTICLE IV
The two High Contracting parties shall have
richt each on its, own part, to state to Che
President of the Commission-chat Is the subject
matter of the . controversy -ti No. .difference in
these statements, which shall be furnished- by
way of suggestion, shall arrest the action of the
Commission. . -', .Orl) "i : :
In case the cause of the?. dispute should consist,
of certain acts already committed or about to bs
committed,' the Commission shKll; his sobn' as pos
sible indicate what' measures to' preserve the1
riElits of each party ought in its opinion, to be
taken provisionally and pending the delivery of
its report.
ARTICLE V
As regards the procedure which- it is, to fol
low the Commission' shall lasT far -as pbssiblc be
guided by the provisions cdntaTned 'In5 articles
g to 36 of Convention 1 of The Hague' of 1907.
The High Contracting 'Parties' agree" to; afford
the Commission all 'means and all necessary
facilities for its investigation; and report. ' ;
The work of the "Commission shtill ! be com
pleted within one year torn the date' ?6nJ' which
it has taken juris'dicti'oh ;ofthe case, Juhless the
High Contractiiig Parties sha.il agVeetO'flet a dif
ferent period.. ' ,!' ' ?f V';0 '"
The conclusion of the Commission and the
terms of its report-' shall be-adbpted byvja' major
ity. The report, signed Only by ttte.Tre"sldent
acting by virtue of'his office; gliall T)e . trans
mitted by him to eachof -the 'Contractinfe-Parties.'
The High Contracting Patties' reserves? 'full lib
erty as to the actionit'o . be .taken on the report
of the Commissions '. ;.. . : r kt l-
. -" articLe;ti ' ; j r '
' The present treaty1 "sbVo ratifiM. ; by the
President of , the. United 'StatelSfjAmorlca.Tyith;
tutional laws 'of F$nde; ;;;' ; ;;';. v :
It shall go into force immediately after, the ex
change of ratifications, .and- s.hall last fiver years.
Unless denounced si Months at least- ..before,
the expiration of ihesaiit period 'of fiv$'years, it
shall remain in fo,rjo iintU the expiration .of a
period of twelve months' after either "party shall,
have notified the cither of Its intention to termi
nate it. ':""'" '" if;
In witness whereof the (.respective. .lenipOten
tiaries have signed the pent treaty, apd bave
t affixed thoremxto their 'sealk. t
Done at Washington this ,15th day of.Septem
ber, in the year nineteen hundred and fpurteen.
(Seal) WILLIAM JENNINGS &RYAN. "
(Seal) , JUSSERAND.
THE FAMOUS "TWENTY'ONE" DEMANDS
(Handed to the President of the Chinese Re
public, Yuan Shih-K'a, by the Japanese; Minis
ter, Mr. Hioki, January 18i 1915.)
I
The Japanese government and the. Chinese
government being desirous of maintaining the
general peace in Eastern Asia and further
strengthening the friendly relations and good
neighborhood existing between the two nations
agree to the following articles:
Art. l. The Chinese government engages to
give full assent to all matters upon which the
Japanese government may hereafter .agree with
the German government relating to the dispo
sition of all rights, interests and concessions,
"which Germany by virtue of treaties or other
wise, possesses in relation to the province of
Shantung. ' '
.Art 2 Tne Chinese government engages that
wjtnin the province Of Shantung and along its
lnT ', no t0rrJtory or Island will be ceded or
'easea to a third power Under any pretext.
Ta I Tne Cnilese. government consents to
T,,lants building a railway from 'Chef bo or
ungohow to join the: Klaochovf-Tsinati Railway.
tei Hr'ThoaWnoso Government engages,, ,in
Sfffof trade and for the residence ofcoS
niS'0 06n M SOOn as possible
f?ri ain, important cities and towns in the p?ov
u u K , tURg as commercial ports. . .
-..What places shall be opened are to be Jointly '
decided upon In a soparato agreement.
' II
The Japanese government and the Chinese
government, since the Chinese government . has
always acknowledged tho special position en
joyed' by Japan in South-Manchuria and Eastern
Inner Mongolia, agree to the following articles:
Art. 1. The two contracting parties mutually
agree that, the .term of lease of Port Arthur-and
Dalny and the term of lease of the South Man
churian Railway and tho Antung-Mukden Rail--way
shall be extended to- the period of 99 years.
Art. 2. Japanese subjects in South Manchuria
and Eastern linger Mongolia shall have the1 right
to lease or own land required either for erecting
suitable buildings for trade and manufacture or
for farming.
Art" 3. Japanese subjects shall bo free to re
side and travel in South Manchuria and Eastern
Inner Mongolia and to engage in business and
manufacture of any kind whatsoever.
Art.1 4. 'The Chinese ' government agrees to
grant to Japanese subjects the right ofiopening
the mines in South Manchuria and Eastern Mou-m
gblia. As re"gafds what mines are to be opened,,
they shall be decided upon jointly. j
Art. 5. The Chinese government agree that in
respect of "the Cages mentioned herein below;tho
-Japanese government's consent shall be first -ob-.
tained before action is taken: II
a: Whenever permission is granted to the
subject of -aUhird power to build a railway or
t'b make a loan with a third power for the pur
pose' of building a' railway in South Manchuria
and Eastern Inner Mongolia. -
?, hi 'Whenever a loan Is to be made with a third
power1 'pledging' the local taxes of South Man
churia; tincl Eastern Inner Mongolia as security.
Art. G. The "Chinese government agrees' that if
the Chinese governmentemploys -political, finan
cial or jrnitftary advisers or instructors in South
Manchuria 'and Easteru Mongolia, the Japanese,
government shall first be-consulted. ,:
:.Art-.r7: TNj (Jhinese government agrocsj that
theicon.trol and management Qf the KirinfCliang
chun Railway shall be handed over to the Japan
ese -government- for a term of i)9 years. dating
from the signing of this agreement; j ,,- ,.
HI
i The. Japanese - government and the Chinese
government,!; seeing that Japanese financiers and
the Han-yeh-ping. Company have close relations.
vlth;eaeh other .at present and desiring that the
common interests of the two nations shall be ad- .
vanced, agree to the following articles:
..Art. 1. The two contracting parties mutually
agree "that wlien the opportune moment-arrives
the Han-yeh-ping Company shall be made a joint
. concern of the two nations and they further agree
that, without the previous consent of Japan,
China shaU not by her own act dispose of the
rights, and property of whatsoever nature of the
said company nor cause tho said company to dis-
' pose freely of the same.
Art. 2. Tho Chinese government agrees that
all mines in the neighborhood of those owned
hy the Han-yeh-ping Company shall not be per
mitted, without the consent of the said company,
to be worked by other persons outside of the
said company; and further agrees that if it is
desired to carry out any undertaking which, it is
apprehended, may directly or indirectly aftect the
interests of the said company, the consent of tho
said company shall first be obtained.
- IV
The Japanese government and the ' Chinese
government with the object of effectively pre
ferving the territorial integrity of China agree
tn the following special article:
The Chinese government engages not to cede
or lease to a third power any harbor or bay or
island along the coast of China.
Art 1 The Chinese Central Government
sbal employ rlmSSl!!lTBRdm
P61i"tCal2 flieandh3SffiK ' churches and
schools m Seder of China shall be granted
the right of nOwninguland. e government
ia&d thc)Qhino8e-?gov.ornraent, have .: had mmr
leases oMi8puTe.,ibetw.ocn Japarioso 'aiid CUIneab
Continued on Pago 11
.
CREDIT FOlt BRYAN'S TREATY PLAtf' ri
Continued from Pago 5 f ,
gated by on international tribunal and its report
made known." Ho referred td tho approval -dtf
tho principle of arbitration treaties by twdnty
six nations at tho London con f of once of six years
earlier, and drew attention to tho fact that cor
tain questions had boon excluded from thorie
treaties which had become tho causes of vart
later. It was to close this gap that ho had con
ferred with tho diplomats. His purpose was "to
provide a time for passion to aubBid6."
Within a year fifteen nations had stahad'tho'
proposed treaty, and on Sept. 15, 1914, tho-num-
ber had increased to twenty-six. Two-thirds roC'
the inhabitants of tho globo 1,150,000,000 In
dividuals wore pledged now not to war against5
tho United States until after deliborateJnveBtiga
tion by independent arbitrators. At a luncheon
at the Univorsity Club to colebrato this hchiovo-.
ment Bryan had these sentiments printed oii thd
menus: . ..,(!
Peace hath her victories no loss renownedr
than war. - ,i, --,
Diplomacy is tho art of keoping cool. -
Nothing is final between friends. K k.
A person of Machiavellian outlook might drar
attention to tho announcement on thisfoccasion
that telegrams had boen sent to tho goverhWpnts
of Germany and Austria, notifying thoni 'of tho
progress made. If the too cunning 'Teutonic
statesmen had joined up, the United " States
mitrht have found that fact embarrassing' vifftti
it finally concluded to join tho Allies. ' l
COUNTRIES WHICH SIGNED' ,'J
Tho countries which signed this treaty.. ,and
the dates of signing are set forth in the follow
table: . Vii'(
, , 1913 . itfiO Jo
Salvador Angc?!
Guatamala , vopi. 20
Panama Sept.j20
Honduras , NoyVs
Nicaragua ; Deb.-silT,
Netherlands .........., ..v'6egtil8
,. - 1U14-; .""ijw"wH
xsoiivia .,. . . ).,.. . ..,. .-...... .,'. v . i aiiTjuz z
Portugal , . ., . '. . . . '.- t ; , . ..F.eb.i.tiii
Porsia .'. . .'.FeuA-i!
Denmark ....... .". . . . .Feb. 5-
Switzerland , ., .Fob. 13
Costa'Rica .Pob.3,
Dconinlcan Rep. ..;.... Febv,i.7T
Venezuela ....;'. j . .... .... , . .Mari,.2i
Italy 7,,.. .,,....,, Jayu2i
Norway ...............:..... ... .... Junev
x eru ....... (. ........ ,.,...'. ,fi.f,.... fj my aA
Uruguay . . ., ...... .-.. ; ..;.. . .JuyQ,
Argentina . ...... : . ., ..,...,., ...Tujy',24.
Brazil JulyS.
Chile . : .(itulyr '24;
Paraguay ..'......, Aug.-G,
France I ....... . .S(fft.fi5.
England ...,..'. . Sept,, iti,
Spain Sept.' 15
China .' Sept. 15
,i i
That there always will be many to regard.all.
' agreements of this kind with cynical doubt' of
their surviving when tested by tho conditions
which usually lead up to wars goes without pay
ing, but it must be admitted that there are fewer
of these pessimists today than when Bryan nego
tiated them. Even among tho statesmen there
are some optimists. In this country there are
many who argue after this fashion: Would
America violate her plighted word? If not, why
not credit tho party of the second part with
equal desire to keep the faith? All the virtues
mar not bo limited to us. There are oven
psychologists whe believe that confidanco begets
confidence, and that those who indicate trust In
their fellows induce the latter to become trust
ing also. Wars, after all, are often only the conse
quences of mental attitudes. I set out these
arguments for what they are worth, not pre
suming to advance any judgments of. my own.
The point here is that they are accepted widely
today, whereas they were jeered at not so long
ago. Which is merely to say that Mr. Bryan was
ahead of his time,- a misfortune from which
prophets bave suffered throughout the ages.
-a
Tie Commoner desires to assist in the nomination and electiorf Proessive
emocrats to all legislative and administrative offices to e niied tins leai
.
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