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The Commoner
VOL. 22, NO. 1
Documents: Bearing on the Woricts
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Peace Problems
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Robert Goldsmith, Director of, the Bureau of
Poltical Research of the Democratic National
Committee, writes The Commoner as follows:
"For your convience I am sending herewith, as
Democratic Research Bulletin No. 18, copy of
the Four-Power Treaty which looks toward
perservation of peace in the Pacific, together
with copy bf the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of
Alliance roforrod to In Article IV, and also, as
pertinent, a copy of the Wilson-Bryan treaties.
Thirty-five of these treaties have been accepted
in principle by as many nations; thirty have
signed; ratification has been advised by the Sen
ate for twenty-eight, and ratifications have been
exchanged with twenty nations. As a sample I
have selected the. treaty with France (ratifica
tions exchanged January 22, 1915) because
France is likewise a party to the new pact."
Following those documents is an authentic
copy of Japan's twonty-one demands, the cancel
lation of which China considers of such trans
cendent importance that she placed the matter
before the Washington Conference on Limita
tion of Armament, in a statement issued on De
cember 19, 1921. The four specific documents
follow:
s TEXT OF FOUR-POWER TREATY ,
.'. The United States, of America, the British
Empire, France, and Japan.
(, With a, view to the preservation of the general
neaceand the maintenance of their rights in re
lation., tq their insular possessions and insular
d,oninions in the regions of the Pacific Ocean.
(1) Have determined to conclude a treaty to
this effect and have appointed as their plenipo
tentiaries: , i ThePresidont of the United States of Amer
ica; '' '-'
His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom
o.f Great Britain and Ireland and of the British
Dominions beyond the seas, Emperor of India,
And for the Dominion of Canada, -. ,
For the Commonwealth of Australia, ; ,
For the Dominion of New Zealand, ,
' For India, ,
' The President of the French Republic,
His Majesty the Emperor of Japan.
Wh6,: having communicated their full powers,
found in good and due form, have agreed as fol
lows: ARTICLE I
The High Contracting Parties agree as be
tween themselves to retepect their rights in ref
lation to their insular possessions and insular
dominions in the regions of the Pacific Ocean.
'If there should develop between any of the
High Contracting Parties a controversy arising
out of any Pacific question and involving their
said rights which is not satisfactorily settled by
diplomacy and is 'likely to affect the harmonious
a'ceord now happily subsisting between them
they shall Invite the High Contracting Parties
to a ilpint conference to which the whole subject
will be' referred for consideration and adjust
ment.! '
Si ','.i ARTICLE II ,
it If. the said rights "are threatened by the ag
gressiVe" action of any other Power the High
Contracting Parties shall communicate with .one
another- 'fully and frankly in order to arrive at
an 'Understanding as to the most efficient meas
ures to b'e taken, jointly and separately, to meet
the "exigencies of the particular situation.
. ',.'. ',:'.' . ARTICLE III
uXhis agreement shall remain in force for ten
years .from the time it shall take effect, and
after the expiration of said period it shall con
tinue to bo in force subject to the right of. any
of the High Contracting Parties to terminate it
upon twelve months' notice. . .
; ARTICLE IV
' This agreement shall be ratified as soon as
possible in accordance with the constitutional
methods of the High Contracting Parties,, and
shall take effect on the deposit of ratifications
which shall take place at Washington,, and
thereupon the agreement between Great Britain
and Japan, which was concluded at London on
July 13, 1U11, shall terminate.
AMERICAN RESERVATIONS AS ACCEPTED
BY THE SIGNATORY POWERS
In signing the treaty this day between the
United States of America, the British Empire
France, and Japan,- It is declared to be the un
derstanding .and intent of the, signatory Powers
, 1. That the treaty shall apply to the man
dated ,islands in the Pacific Ocean, provided
however, that the matting of the treaty shall not
bo deemed to bo an assent on the part of the
United States of America to the mandates aiid
shall not preclude agreements between the
United States of America and the -mandatory
Powers, respectively, in relation to the mandated
islands.
2. That the controversies to which the second
paragraph of Article I refers shall not be taken
to embrace questions which according to prin
ciples of international law lie exclusively with-,
in 'the domestic jurisdiction of the' respective
Powers. .'?..-
Washington, D. C, December 13, 1921.
.(. ... 1 if , ..':
TEXT OF ANGLOOTAPANESE. TREATY '-
PREAMBLE ' ' : .' '-;;;.'
The Government of Great Britain and the
Government of Japan, having in viqw the im-.
portant changes which have taken place in the
situation since the conclusion of the Anglo
Japanese agreement of the 12th August, 1905,
and believing that a revision of that agreement
responding to such changes would contribute to.
general stability and repose, have agreed upon
the following stipulations to replacenthe agree
ment above mentioned,, such stipulations having
the same object as the said agreement namely:
(a) The consolidation and maintenance of the
general peace in the regions of Eastern Asia and
of India;
(b) The preservation of the common interests
of all Powers in China by insuring, the independ
ence and Integrity of the Chinese Empire and
the principle of equal opportunities, '.far the comr
merce.and industry of all nations in China;
(c) The maintenance of the territorial rights
of the High Contracting Parties in the regions
of Eastern Asia and of India, and the defense of
their special interests in the said. regions:
ARTICLE I
It is agreed that whenever, in the opinion of
either Great Britain or Japan, any of the rights
and interests referred to in the preamble of this
agreement are in jeopardy, the two Governments
will cbmmunicate with One another1 fully and
frankly, and will consider in common .the meas
ures which should be taken to' safeguard those
menaced rights or Interests.
ARTICLE II
If by reason of unprovoked attack, or aggres
sive action, wherever arising, :on the part of
v any Power or Powers, either High Contracting
Party should be involved in war in defense of
its territorial rights or special interests menr
tfoned in the preamble of this agreement, the
other High Contracting Party will at once come
to the assistance of its ally,, and will'conduct the
war in common, and make peace in mutual
agreement with it. . , ? , ,
ARTICLE III
The High Contracting Parties agree that
neither of them will, ' without consulting the
other, enter into separate arrangements with
another Power to the prejudice of the objects
described in the preamble of this" agreenfent.
" ARTICLE IV ! ...
Should either High Contracting Party ' coht
elude a treaty of general arbitration with a third
Power, it is agreed that nothing in this agree
ment shall entail uppn such Contracting 'party
an obligation to go to war with the Power with'
whom such treaty of arbitration, is in force. "
ARTICLE V ''
v. T,hl conJ?itions under which armed assistance
shall be afforded by either Power to the other ta
the circumstances mentioned in the nresent
agreement, and the means by which such assist
ance is to be made available, wil be aUnged
by the naval and military authorities of the High
Contracting Parties, who will from time to time
consult one another fully and freely upon all
questions of mutual interest. '
ARTICLE VI
The present agreement shall come into ffeof
immediately after the date of its signature and
remain in force for ten years from the thai ? dJSf
In case neither of High Contracting Parties
should have notified twelve months before the
expiration of the said ten years the intention of
terminating it, it shall remain binding -until the
expiration, of one year, from the day -on i which
either of the High Contracting Parties shall
have denounced it. But if, when the date fixed
for its expiration arrives, either ally is actuallv
engaged in war, the alliance shall; ipso fac o
continue until peace is concluded '
; In 'faith whereof the undersigned, duly au
thorized by- their respective Governments w
signed" this agreement, ana have affixed twI
their seals ' - l"t-reto
. ?on?Jjl duPlicjte at London' the 13th dav of
July, 1-911. . ; ' 0I
E. GREY
His Britannic Majesty's-Principal Secrpfnrv
State for Foreign Affaix.?r . "wy of
- k ' TAKAAKI KATO
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentlarv
of His- Majesty-1 the, Emperor: of Japan at ?
Court of -St. Jairies: . ' . lc m
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TEXT OF WILSON-BRYAN TREATY
'' ' (SAMPLE) '; ;
. (All the treaties signed are identic mutatia
mutandis, except for a few changes introduced
into the treaties with Netherlands and with
Great Britain.) wun
TREATY TO FACILITATE THE SETTLEMENT
. OF DISPUTES (BETWEEN THE UNITED
STATES AND FRANCE)
The President of .thQ. United states of Amer
ica and the President of the French Republic
desiring to strengthen the .friendly relations
which unite their two, countries and to servo the
cause of. general, peace, have decided to conclude
a treaty f or, these purposes , . and have conse
quently, s appointed the' plenipotentiaries desig
nated hereinafter to-wib: .
, The President .of the United Stafos of Amer
ica, the Honorable William Jennings Bryan, Sec
retary of State of the United States; and
: The President of the French Republic, His
Excellency. J. J.- Jusserand, Ambassador of the
French Republic, to the United States;
Who, after exhibiting to each other their full
powers, fonnd to be in due and proper form,
have agreed upon the. following articles:
" - ARTICLE I '
Any disputes arising between the Government
of the United States xt America and the Gov
ernment of. the French Republic, of whatever
nature th,ey may be, shall, when ordinary dip
lomatic proceedings' Have .failed' and the High
Contracting parties do not have recourse to
arbitration", be JBubmiUed for investigation and
report to' a Permanent" International Commission
constituted in the manner prescribed' in the fol
lowing Article. ' '
The HigH Contra6ting Parties agree not to re
sort, with 'respect to each other,-' to any act of
force during the investigtion to be made by the
Commission and before its report-is handed in.
ARTICLE II
The International Commission shall be com
posed v of , five members appointed as follows:
Each Government shall designate two members,
only one of whom shall be of its own national
ity; the fifth member shall he designated by com
mon consent and shall not belong to any of the
nationalities a'lready represented on the Commis
sion; he .shall perform the duties of President.
In case the two Governments shall be unable
to agree, on the choice of the fifth commission
er, the other four shall be called upon to desig
nate himj land failing an understanding between
them, the provisions of article 45. of The Hague
Convention of 1907 shall be applied. .
The Commission shall he organized within six
months from the exchange- of ratifications of
the present convention." f
, The members shall be appointed for one year
and thoir appointment may be renewed. They
shall remain in office until superseded or reap
pointed, or until the work on which they are en
gaged at the time their office expires is com
pleted, Any vacancies which may arise (from death,
resignation, or eases of physical or' moral in
capacity;) shall be filled within the shortest pos
sible period in the manner followed for the
priginal Appointment.
The High Contracting Parties shall, before
designating the Commissioners, reach an under
standing 1n regard tO their compensation. They
shall bear by halves the expenses incident to the
meeting of the Commission.
ARTICLE III ,
. In case a dispute should arise between the
high Contracting Parties which is not settled hy
the ordinary methods, each Party shall have a
right to ask that the investigation thereof be
intrusted to the International Commission
Charged with making a report. Notice phall o&
jgiven to the President of the International Com
mission, -who shall at once communicate with Ins
colleagues.
In the same case the President may, after con-
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