W'","
1TUKE, 1917
The Commoner
dictator. My amoiuon is 10 see my
own people solve their own prob
lems. Those men and women who
can not servo in the trenches or the
Bliops can show their patriotism in no
way so fully as in this service, ana I
feel that we have as much right to
call upon them to seryo in this ad
ministration as we have a right to call
upon our men to serve in the
trenches." ,
Mr. Hoover proposed that the food
administration bo divided into four
great branches, whose duties ho de
fined in detail. Most of tho work
would bo carried out by men and
women of the country on a volunteer
basis.
"If this can not be done," said Mr.
Hoover's statement, "I shall certainly
and willingly surrender the task to
somo other method of emergency. I
hold that democracy can yield to
discipline, and that we can solve this
food problem for our own people
and our allies in this way, and that
to have done so will have been a
greater service than our immediate
objective, for we will have demon
strated the Tightness of our
faith and our ability to defend our
selves without being Prussianized."
"With the President, Mr. Hoover
believes it rarely will become neces
sary to apply large powers.
Five cardinal principles of food
administration outlined by Mr.
Hoover in his statement are:
"That the food problem Is one of
wise administration and not ex
pressed by the words 'Dictator or
'Controller,' but 'Food Administrate-.'
"That this administration can
largely be carried out through the
co-ordination and regulation of the
existing legitimate distributive
agencies, supplemented by certain
emergency bodies composed of rep
resentatives of the producers, dis
tributors and consumers.
"The organization of the com
munity for voluntary conservation
of foodstuffs.
"That all important positions, so
far as they may be, shall be filled
with volunteers.
"The independent responsibility of
the food administration directly un
der the President, with the co-operation
of the great and admirable or
ganizations of the department of ag
riculture, the department of com
merce, the federal trade commission
and the railroad executives."
"I conceive," said Mr. Hoover,
"that the essence of all war admin
istration falls into two phases:
"First, centralized and single re
sponsibility; second, delegation of
this responsibility to decentralized
administrative organs."
The four branches of food admin
istration are described by Mr. Hoov
er as follows:
which will cause a minimum sacrifice
on tho part of tho legitimate dis
tributor and will eliminate broad
national waste, unnecessary hoard
ing and the sheer speculator in food-
5t 7ith th0 B00d w111 of "
distributing community it is possible
olpnVV8 WUh0Ut (li8rPtion of tho
essential commerco of tho country.
f Jh0 ,feC1nd brauch of adminfo-
ration lies in tho co-operation of
the governors and state ailminiir
t cms through the establishment of
state food administrations, who will
aton aU of the national execu
te in national matters and who will
themselves handle local problems
through them and their assistants
o secure co-ordination in distribu
tion from one section of the country
to another, and to use the powers
against illegitimate hoarding, which
Zu , 1H ueing a8ked to vest in
the food administration. Further
more, it devolves on the states to
owy wuaio in public places.
"These powers being asked for are
necessary in order that we may force
into the market every form of food
Stuff over and above such stock as
normally and legitimately belongs to
any particular business for its pron-
ep-C?n?ctf and t0 Prevent any
Withholding, directly or indirectly, of
.uuu BuiiiJiies irom the market.
'The third equally important de
partment is one of domestic econ
omy. As 90 per cent of the ultimato
food consumption of the country is
in the hands of the women of the
country, we will shortly place before
tnem a plan of organization includ
ing policies as to the elimination of
waste, the reduction of consumption,
the substitution of local commodities
for those from further afield, the
substitution of overabundant com
modities for those which we wish to
export to our allies and instruction
in the intelligent purchase and use
of foodstuffs and to set public opin
ion against waste and extravagance
in public places.
"We do not ask that the American
people should starve themselves, but
that they should eat plenty, wisely
and without waste.
"It is my present idea to propose
a plan to the American women by
which we ask every woman in con
trol of the 'household to join as an
actual member of the food adminis-
tration and give us a pledge that she
will so far as her means and circum
stances permit, carry out the in
structions which we will give her in
detail frdm time to time.
"We hope to set up such an or
ganization over and above this vast
army of supporters as will give it
efficiency and Intelligence in action.
'There is no service in this war on
behalf of our own country and our
allies in which the women of the
country can so well enlist themselves
33
In the first branch we should set tfg Jn this seryicef ami the success of
the food administration will rest
very largely upon the support which
we receive from them.
"The fourth branch of the admin
istration must be that of co-operation
with our allies, in many import
ant questions involving exports from
this country and our common im
ports from other countries. Further
more, we will probably need to un
dertake the control of purchasing in
this country on her behalf and on
behalf of such neutral shipments as
are prompted by the Boveramen t in
Older tp eliminate competition and
forcing of our prices."
up a certain number of separate ex
ecutive bodies for regulation and ad
ministration of certain critical com
modities, and these should be or
ganized on the normal lines of our
commerc'al institutions with a board
of directors, the president and ex
ecutive officers who will work out
problems involved in these commo
dities and will institute such meas
ures as may be necessary to stabil
ize prices and distribution and that
these bodies should be constituted
of the leaders of the country, pro-
ducers, distributors, bankers and
consumers alike.
"It has been the experience of all
European vf odd control that results
can be best accomplished by acting,
througb or by regulation of the or-;
dinary distributing agencies in the
community, placing such restriction
BOOKS RECEIVED
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Bulgaria and Her Neighbors, ah
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