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The Commoner
VOL. 16, NO. 3
30
m
Urges Peace Minister in the Presi
:.:' dent's Cabinet
From Philadelphia Public Lodger,
'January 31, 1010.
Tn his dlHcourso delivorod at Tem
plo Konoacth Israel yesterday, Rabbi
.Joseph Krauskopf again assailed
' militarism and the preparedness agi
tation, and urged the addition to the
1 cabinet of a department of peace and
n minister or secretary of peace, to
subordinate the activities of the de
partment of war and the secretary of
war.
The speaker recalled tho utter
ancos of the Czar of Russia in 1898,
uslcing for a conference at The Hague
and how tho ruler of tho Russians
thou predicted tho war which now
holds Europe in its grip. Doctor
Krauskopf told how the delegates at
tho conference argued and doubted,
how some were carried away with the
promiso of peace and thought tho
knoll of battle had been sounded,
how some sought to find a motive and
accused tho Czar of resorting to a
riiBO and how Kipling penned the
poem, "Tho Truco of the Bear."
Ho told of England's clash with
tho Boers; of tho International march
on Pekin following tho Boxer up
rising and of Russia's conflict with
Japan, evon after her ruler had
ooundod the call for peaco and dis
armament. Rabbi Krauskopf then
referred to tho second Hague confer
ence and told how littlo it accom
plished. He added that the next con
ference had boon called for 1917,
but, in his opinion, it would never
tako place, as tho militarists would
not permit it.
Doctor Krauskopf declared that he
did not believe a single European
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ruler wanted war. He said that the
King of England and the Czar of
Russia certainly did not desire it,
that tho German Emperor had ruled
for 20 years without war and that
many eminent students had repeat
edly, in recent years, referred to him
as a man of peace. So also with the
King of Italy and tho King of Greece.
Rabbi Krauskopf added that the
Frankenstein which the rulers and
their governments had built up had
mastered its masters. Thus, their
preparedness their great armies
and navies had provoked the war.
Warning the American people
against such a folly, Doctor Kraus
kopf declared that an element here
were building up or seeking to build
a similar Frankenstein, and he
quoted many great leaders of armies,
Including Washington, Grant, Sher
man, Napoleon and Wellington, as
saying that war was a thing to bo
done away with. Tho words of Na
poleon, while ending his days on St.
Helena, were quoted: "The more I
study the world, the more I am con
vinced of the inability of force to
create anything durable."
It was the opinion expressed by
Doctor Krauskopf that if we allow
the idea of preparedness to obsess us
and take root here, we shall be as
powerless against war as is Europe
today.
Lesson of Peaco With Canada
Tho speaker said that we had
demonstrated the possibility of peace
through our relations with Canada
and our peace agreement with Eng
land to have no forts along that bor
der and no ships of war on our Great
Lakes. Had there been a great wall
or a series of forts between our coun
try and Canada, in his opinion there
would surely have been war.
"Therefore, knowing the blessings
that have accrued to us from our
Union of States," Doctor Krauskopf
continued, "and from our peaceable
ness with our northern neighbor,
knowing tho needlessness of our
states and neighbor maintaining
array and navy, forts and arma
ments against one another, ours is
the duty not to arm ourselves at
home, but to disarm our sister na
tions abroad; not to prepare our
selves to meet in arms foreign pow
ers, uuc so to labor upon them that
they themselves shall be moved to
lay down their arms. Ours is the
duty to agitate a union of nations
abroad akin to our United States, a
neighborly peacefulness between
their respective countries, akin to
that which exists between Canada
and ourselves, without the need of a
fort or battleship or soldier to guard
or menace the border between each
other.
"Ours in thn rinfw f i. 1.1
. ,, uu icuuu mem
our experience that there are kinds
of ships that are surer of conquest
than the greatest battleship that has
ever been built. They are called:
Friendshin nnrl T?nurr.i,i m, '
are kinds of forts that are stronger
than the mightiest that have ever
been reared, that cost nothing to
build and nothing to maintain. They
are called: Fort Common Sense. Fort
Justice, Fort Good Will, Fort Mutual
Trust, Fort Arbitration.
"Ours is the duty, not to copy the
military spirit of Europe, but so de
velop the pacific spirit that has hith
erto welded our States and Canada
Into one, that it may extend to every
country of our continent, and bind all
Srf- th?,m ! a United staes of the
rsew World, and then reach out fur
ther until it embraces all. the nations
beyond the Atlantic and Pacific, and
forms them into a United States of
tho Old World, with one common su
premo court for the settlement of in
ternational contentions: Tho Peace
Tribunal at The Hague."
Clmnco for World Federation
After praising tho League to En
forco Peace, established in Independ
ence Hall, Dr. Krauskopf continued:
"It is in our power to make of the
League to Enforce Peace, that was
brought into life in our independence
Hall last Juno, another such miracle
as was wrought in the same historic
building in 1787, when the constitu
tion, then adopted, welded the differ
ent, sometimes quarreling, states in
to one, indissoluble union.
"Tho nations of the earth were
never as ripe for it as they will be
when the war will be over and the
days of exhaustion and remorse will
bo upon them. Now is the fittest
time to prepare, not for war but for
crystallizing a sentiment of peace so
strong that nations will see the wis
dom of it, -without need of being con
vinced, and yield obedience to it,
without necessity of being urged. If
wo allow this opportunity to slip, if
wo think but of-arming ourselves in
stead of disarming the world, our
thwarted destiny will avenge itself
by creating ample use for the arma
ment which we have heaped up. We
must secure the peace of the world,
if we would live in peace with the
world.
"From the bleeding and mourning
nations abroad comes to us the warn
ing: 'Oh,, ye, that are still spared,
whose fields are not strewn with
corpses, whose homes are not dark
ened and bereaved, whose ears are
not tortured by the cries of agony
that resound in thousands of military
hospitals, profit by our bitter experi
ence. Let our misguided trust shield
you from being misguided. Heed not
the voice of militarists, much less
that of the capitalints back of them,
nor of them whom they employ or
entice to do their agitating. Heap
not up armaments in the belief that
tho mightier they are the safer are
you. They are means of destruction,
not of salvation. The path we trod
led but to ruin and death. Choose
ye the path of life, which is the path
of peace.' "
WHAT "PREPAREDNESS" MEANS
From The Kansas City Journal.
Probably no word has ever dropped
more frequently or more glibly from
the tongues of the American people
and with so little understanding of
its real meaning as the word "pre
paredness." People know, of course,
that preparedness means being ready
with an army and navy for resistance
if tho United States is invaded by an
enemv. hut tho immanoa nn,n,,nj.
preliminary work that must be ac
complished before a state of actual
preparedness is reached and how it
is done are details to which the
average citizen has given hhip
thought.. It is customary to imagine
that mere soldiers in the hulk con
stitute a machine for defense, and
that with an army of a million men
there need be no worry about inci
dentals. Assuming that one million men
stood ready to take up arms for the
defense of the nation against a first
class power, what would they need
immediately before they could take
part in a single battle? Just to feed
-"Dm vvwum require 4,uuu,U00 pounds
of solid food and 3,0.00,000 pints of
coffee daily To equip this array
would require 750,000 rifles, 2,000
field guns, 200,000 horses to haul
these guns, 165,000,000 rounds of
cartridges, and hundreds of other
things that are not at present avail
able. That the citizen soldier may have
some adequate idea of -the- tre
mendous amount' nf rwann
must be accomplished before pre-
preparedness is a fact, two army of
fleers have drawn up a schedule of
war from the inside. This is not a
manual of training, hut a treatise in
plain language and a guide by which
the layman may inform himself in a
general way concerning military
rudiments, so that if he is ever called
upon to defend his country he may
understand better tho general na
ture of things military. In this con
nection many popular fallacies are
pointed out, such as the. alleged
geographical security of the United
States; the idea that Americans are
born soldiers; that European nations
will be too exhausted to be feared
after the war; that lack of money
abroad will prevent a war; that pre
pared or unprepared, the United
States can "lick" any nation on
earth and that money and material
resources are synonymous with mili
tary strength.
What does an army of a million
mean? One million men marching
four abreast would extend over a line
400 miles long, practically from
Kansas City to the. Colorado border.
Some of the things that these mil
lion men must he provided with be
fore they can fight are:
750,000 rifles and bayonets for
them to fight with.
265,000 pistols, little brothers of
the rifle.
8,000 machine guns, the military
scythe. '"
2,100 field guns to hatter down at
tack. 165,000,000 cartridges to carry
them into their first fight, and as
many more for each succeeding fight.
2,500,000 shells and shrapnel for
our field guns for every hour they
are in action.
196,000 horses to carry them and
pull their carriages.
127,000 mules to haul their sup
plies and pack-their" guns;
8,000 wagons to transport their
supplies and ammunition.
1,000,000 cartridge belts for their
ammunition.
1,000,000 first aid packets to bind
up their wounds.
1,000,000 canteens.
Each of them must have a uniform
and equipment:
1,000,000 shelter halves to protect
them from the weather. .
1,000,000 pouches to keep them
dry.
2,000,000 blankets to keep them
warm.
2,000,000 pairs of shoes.
2,000,000 uniform coats, breeches,
leggings, suits of underwear.
1,000,000 hats.-
2,000,000 shirts.
4,000,000 pairs of socks.
1,000,000 haversacks to carry their
equipment.
Finally they must eat:
1,000,000 pounds of meat each
day.
1,000,000 pounds of bread each
day.
2,000,000 pounds of vegetables
each day.
3,000,000 pints of coffee or tea
each day. , .
All this must he purchased, trans
ported, prepared, and cooked each
day, and to eat it they must have:
1,000,000 cups.
1,000,000 plates.
1,000,000 knives.
1,000,000 forks. .
1,000,000 spoons.
To provide for proper care, train
ing, and led into battle they should
have:
25,000 trained officers.
The calling into service of one
million men would mean the organ
ization, equipping and training of
ten armies the size of the complete
regular army of the present time. If
one million men should apply at the
recruiting offices it would require
the uninterrupted effort of 1,000
recruiting parties working day and