OCTOBER, 1915
wages. If ho sold the farm and put
the money in a good savings bank it
would yield him a yearly income with
out the lifting of asflnger. His farm
is an investment. It should be a pay
ing investment. A bank which paid
no interest would be a poor place to
put savings. So a farm which does
not yield its owner and user a fair
return on his investment ad well as a
fair return on the labor and industry
of himself and his family is a poor
place to work. Its possessor is pay
ing for the privilege of owning it in
stead of making it pay him for what
has been put into it. If the wood lot
does not directly or indirectly com
pensate for taxes and interest allow
ance on its value, it is not doing its
share toward making the farm pay.
It is being carried at a net loss.
MENTAL TRAINING FOR THE
FARMER
Is education worth while for the
farmer? A great many indefinite
answers have been given by people
who have only their own opinions and
limited observation. A more definite
answer has just been given by Pro
fessor O. R. Johnson of the Missouri
University college of agriculture.
Professor Johnson has carefully stud
ied data, secured by visits to 656
farmers, 554 of -whom had only rural
school education; while the remainder
had secured more or less additional
training. While he recognizes the
fact that this additional training is
not solely responsible for the better
showing made, by the better educated
man, there is every reason to believe
that their additional education has
been a very valuable investment, from
the standpoint of the pocket-book as
well as that of social strvice, which
is not so easily measured.
The hetter trained men secured av
erage labor incomes of 655 a year or
wfthin $110 of twice as much as
those who had only district school
educations. This labor income is the
net return left after allowing 6 per
cent interest on the value of the farm
and equipment used and reasonable
charges for other items. The edu
cated farmer handled more land of
a higher average value per acre and
rented from others only one-fifth of
the farm he operated, while the less
educated man rented nearly two
fifths. The same general difference
appears, though not always to so
great an extent, in the number of
acres handled per man employed, the
number of acres handled per horse,
and the yield secured per acre.
DO YOUR HENS LAY?
"Milk or meat in the ration may
make all the difference between profit
and loss," declares H. L. Kempster,
professor of poultry husbandry of the
Missouri college of agriculture. "We
know from our tests at the Experi
ment station and from the experience
of poultrymen everywhere. We got
only 945 eggs from a pen of hens
that ate no animal food, while an
other pen of hens, no better in any
way, but fed sour mllK, laid 1783.
Those fed beef scraps laid 1802 eggs.
While this is a higher record than
either of the others, the sour ,milk is
so much cheaper and easier to get on
most farms that we recommend it
most highly. At $20 cents a dozen,
the eggs from the hens fed sour milk
brought $29.71 and those from the
hens fed beef scrap, $30.03. The
difference wouldn't begin to pay for
the extra cost and trouble of beef
scrap. The big thing to remember is
that the hens fed no animal food
brought little more than half as
much egg money. Theory and ex
perience both say 'Feed the laying
hen sour milk as part of her ration.'
"A good sour milk ration is as fol
lows: Corn, 4 parts; wheat, 2 parts;
The Commoner
bran middlings, 1 part; corn meal, 1
part; sour milk separately, Give
100 hens 2 gallons of milk and
from 19 to 25 pounds of other food
a day."
WHY AUTUMN LEAVES
YELLOW
ARE
Do you know that it is the same
coloring matter that makes leaves
yellow in the fall and butter particu
larly yellow in the spring, also that
it is the same coloring matter that
makes carrots yellow? As a matter
of fact one of these picments is called
carotin, because it constitutes a large
part of the coloring matter of carrots,
says the Nebraska college of agricul
ture. The other yellow pigments are
known as xanthophylls. Both caro
tin and xanthophylls aro found in
grass and are particularly abundant
in the yellow leaves of autumn. The
latter pigment develops in the late
summer and autumn as a result of the
slowing down of the living processes
of the plant. The reason why butter
becomes more yellow in the spring,
when cows are on green grass, is be
cause these coloring matters are pres
ent in large quantities in the feed.
Aside from this, however, it is known
that breed influences the color of
milk and butter.
7
NEW CORN AND CHOLERA
Hog cholera is not a direct result
of feeding new corn, according to E.
R. Spence of the Missouri college of
agriculture.' It may gain a foothold
more readily if the hog's resistance is
reduced by unwise feeding, but the
disease itself can result only from in
fection with a specific, invisible germ,
obtained directly qt indirectly from
other hogs.
If the herd is thrown off feed by
eating too much green corn, or by
eating corn that is immature, the dis
ease will be more readily contracted
and it is often noted that a new out
break of cholera follows the first use
of new corn for hogs. Avoid danger
by changing the kind or amount of
feed gradually. Feed the hogs some
new corn for a while before turning
them into the field. Young shoats
may be turned into corn that is not
down too badly with less preliminary
feeding than the older hogs that can
break down the corn more quickly.
The War Situation
Russia Sends Ultimatum to Bulgaria
A London cablegram, dated Oct.
3, carries the following:
The Semi-Ofllcial News Agency
says the Russian minister has been
ordered to leave Sofia unless within
24 hours the Bulgarian government
openly breaks with Austria and Ger
many and sends away the Austrian
and German military officers now in
Bulgaria.
The news agency gives the follow
ing note which the minister at Sofia
has been ordered to hand to M. Rad
oslavoff, the Bulgarian premier:
"The events which are taking place
in Bulgaria at this moment give evi
dence of a definite decision of King
Ferdinand's government to placo the
fate of its country in the hands of
Germany.
"Leave No Doubt"
"The presence of German and Aus
trian officers at the ministry of war
and on the staff of the army, the
nnnnontmfinn of troops in the zone
bordering Serbia and the extensive
financial support accepted from our
enemies by the Sofia cabinet no long
er leave any doubt as to the object
of the military preparations of Bul-
ga"The powers of the entente, who
have at heart the realization of the
aspirations of the Bulgarian people,
havo on many occasions warned M.
RadoBlavoff that any hostile act
aga iiBt Serbia would bo considered
as directed against themselves. The
assurances given by the head of the
Bulgarian cabinet in reply to these
warnings are contradicted by the
facts.
"Tim representative of Russia,
which Is bouiid to Bulgaria by the
imperishable memory of her libera
tion from the Turkish yoke, can not
sanction by his present preparations
for fratricidal aggression against a
Slav and allied peopio.
"The Russian minister, therefore
has received orders to leave Bulgaria
with all the staffs of the legation and
consulates if the Bulgarian govern
ment does not within 24 hours open
ly break with the enomies of tho Slav
cause and of Russia and does not at
once proceed to send away officers be
longing to armies of states which are
at war with tho powers of the En
tente." Allies Break With Bulgaria
A London cablegram dated Oct. 6,
says:
A dispatch from Sofia, sent by way
of Petrograd, says:
"Bulgaria's reply to tho Russian
utimatum is unsatisfactory. Tho Rus
sian minister has notified Premier
Radoslavoff of a rupture of -diplomatic
relations between the two coun
tries. "Russian interests in Bulgaria
have been confided to tho Dutch
charge d'affaires.
"Bulgaria's reply was delivered at
2:40 o'clock on the afternoon of Oc
tober 5."
Sofia, Oct. 6. Tho Russian.
French, British and Italian ministers
asked for their passports yesterdav.
Tho Servian minister asked for his
passport today.
London, Oct. 12. 7:56 p. m.
The following official announcement
of the dfsmissal of tho Bulgarian
minister to Great Britain was Issued
tonight. "His majesty's government
announces that tho Bulgarian minis
ter has been handed his passports and
that diplomatic relations between
Great Britain and Bulgaria havo been
broken off.
Statement by Bulgaria
Sofia, Bulgaria, Oct. 9. (Via Ber
lin .and London, Oct. 12. General
Jccoff, Bulgarian minister of war
who has just been appointed com
mander-in-chief of the Bulgarian
forces, said today in a statement to
representatives of the foreign press:
"Bulgaria does not doeiro war. We
mobilized only when the Serbians, in
stead of giving up Macedonia, concen
trated troops on tho Bulgarian fron
tier.
"Instead of comnelling Serbians to
adopt a complaisant attitude the
quadruple entente presented an ulti
matum to Bulgaria, demanding an
immediate breach with tho central
powers. This would have meant sui
cide for us. The quadruple entente
counting upon causing internal disor
ders by this action.
""ulgarla Is resolved to defend her
sovereign rights with dignity and the
entire people are united in support
ing the government."
In conclusion ho expressed the
opinion that any attacks the quad
mnlfi entente powers might make up
on tho Bulgarian Aegean or Black
sea coasts would be a difficult na
ture and intended only to produce a
moral effect. Military circles would
hardly be influenced by such move
ments, he said.
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Vl NT TO TIIADI3 my Colorado Inter-
" osts for farm In lower altitude.
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ly send particulars. J. W. Stokes,
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WANTED Copies of tho proceedings
vv of tho variola Democratic National
Conventions and party campaign text
books from tho tlmo of tho organiza
tion of tho party up to and Including
1908. Addross C. II, B 807 Illbbs T31dg
Washington, D. C.
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known In their community, and who
can furnish rcllublo references. A busi
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party. Elmer F. Irwin, P. O. Box 961,
Tampa, Florida.
AGENTS ANYWHERE IN U. 8., write
today for our profit-sharing plan.
Mlddle-agjcd men preferred, experience
unnecessary. Rig money making op
portunity. Pacific Nursery Co., Dcpt.
A., Lambert-Sargent BIdg., Portland,
Oregon.
(H0p r WTKrfiU
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C -
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Denver, Colo.
THEEHUIIE,
SMITH.
awTOi
.WSmith Grubber .Co.
CATALOG FREE-DlPt. t) LA CRESCENT? MlNM.
Itc MARY ANS 3IACKAY deceived
Perrons claiming to be next or kin oOfary Ana
MacKay (a daughter or Captain Vllllam Mac Kay
and Ccenlln. formerly Ktcwart, hi wife) at one tuns
resident liilhcll or Man, later at 39 Arundel Av
enue. Liverpool, KngJand. who died intestate at
"JJnrdifpa." J'cnkctt Itoad, Llscard. Cheshire. Knit
land, on thoSlli May. 1015, nro requested on or before
tho 2Mb October, 1316 to send full particular of
their claims to the Registrar Chancery Office, 9
Cook Street, Liverpool. England, otherwise they
will 1)0 peremptorily excluded from any benefit la
the estate.
Claim will bo adjudicated at tho Chancery Office
on Monday, tho Jirt .November. 10115, at II a.m.
Dated tho Hth 8eptemler, 1316,
IlooKH U. Lawjikmck, Registrar.
SALE OP UNALLOTTED LANDS
and Surface of Segregated Coal and
Asphalt .Land Area Belonging to
tho Choctaw and Chickasaw
Tribes, Eastern Oklahoma
By tho
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
Premonitory
Junior "So you didn't propone to
her, after all?"
Weed "No. And I'm not going
to. When I got to her house I found
her chasing a mouse with a broom."
Pack.
There will be sold at public auction to the hf chert
bidder at different railroad points In tho Choctaw
and Chickasaw nations In eastern Oklahoma, tram"
Januarys, 1910. to January 18, ,1916, lucluxlrc, 31.7M
BoreiorunallottdlandaudlM,MKacrcsoftheurYae9
or the segregated coal and asphalt land belonging: to
tho Choctaw and Chickasaw tribes ot Indiana, st not
less than the appraised value, No person can pur
chase rnoro than IW acre oT agricultural land, nor
rnoro than M0 acres oi grazing land. Residence on
land not required, Bids can be submitted In pensoa
or by mad, accompanied by a certified chock, or
bank draa for ?fi per cent of the amount of the bid.
Terms on xalo or surface ofcoal and asphalt land X
per cent cash. 25 per cent within one year, and bal
ance within two years from date or sale: and trm
orealoofuuallottedlands2pcrcentlri cashatiim
orialoand balance in tfireo equal annual Install'
menti or 26 per cent each, payable In one, two and
three years rrom date or rale; all deferred payment
to drawfipcr centlnt peranntim rromdatcofeale.On
lj thesurfacc C the segregated coal aud asphalt land
area will be sold, the coal and asphalt underlylar
being reserved, except where tho descr ptl vo circu
lar states that the coal and asphalt underlying will
be sold with the surface. The entire estate in tbe
unallotted lands will be sold without reservatleo.
Where houses or other valuable Improvements, not
Including- fencing and tillage, aro located on the
surface or the coal and asphalt lands, the same will
be sold with the land at not less than the cobJne4
appraised value. Improvements to be paid fer la
mil at time orxah. The right Is reserved to reject
any and all bids. For maps and full printed iBfena
atiou. communicate with the SoperJatefufetrt for
the Five Civilized Tribes, Muskogee, Oklahoma.
CA.TO SELLS, Cosualselofier or IndUa ASUriL
ElXdlia .'