-'
'AUGUST, 1915
tho entire farm area of the south,
and undoubtedly much of this land
will be put to other uses than timber
growing. Nevertheless, the farmers
of the United States now own at least
250 billion feet of saw timber and
1 1-3 billion cords of cordwood, and
this timber should produce a sub
stantial part of their incomes. Farm
ers ought, to make the most of their
timber, and -the public should be in
terested in this question for the rea
son that the vast aggregate of farm
timber should be available to sup
plement the other sources of the
general supply.
WHEN TO SUSPJECT CHOLERA
When a disease that is contagious
appears among hogs, spreading more
or less rapidly, is quite uniformly fa
tal, and is accompanied by a high
temperature, it is quite safe to as
sume that it is cholera, says a bul
letin of the Nebraska college of agri
culture. Where cholera is suspected, it is
vell to get a thermometer and take
the temperature of a number of
those apparently well. The normal
temperature is from 101 to 103 de
grees in winter and about one degree
higher in summer. If cholera is
present, the temperatures will be
found as high as 105 to 107 degrees.
Make a post mortem on a hog that
has just died and examine the kid
neys for small, dark red spots re
sembling those on a turkey egg. Look
for small red spots along the small
intestines and somewhat larger ones
on the lungs. The lymphatic glands,
which are found in the flank, along
the intestines, and between the lungs,
and which are a light amber color in
health, will be found congested and
varying from a pink to a very dark
color.
Where the services of a qualifed
veterinarian can bo obtained, he
should be called to make a post
mortem and to givo serum.
CORN GRAINS IN THE TASSEL
In an effort to teach something of
the history of the corn plant, mem
bers of the Corn club conducted co
operatively by the United States de
partment of agriculture and the Ne
braska college of agriculture have
been asked to look for corn grains in
the tassel of the jcornstalks. Pro
fessor Montgomery says that the or
igninal corn plant had branches com
ing from the axils of the leaves At
first both male and female flowers
were produced in the tassel of each
branch. But the highest tassel, the
one on the main stalk, "was not well
located to receive pollen, sinc the
pollen would naturally be curried
downward, while those on the lower
branches were in a favorable posi
tion to receive pollen but not in a
position to pollinate those higher up.
Thus the female flowers on the upper
tassel were incompletely fertilized, if
lertllized at all, and due to the loss
of function gradually disappeared, so
that after a time only male flowers
were produced. On the tassels of
the lower branches, the male or pollen-producing
flowers gradually lost
their usefulness, and after a time
only female flowers were produced on
these branches.
The Commoner
20
This can be most economically ac
complished by the maintenance of a
dust mulch."
Professor 'Keitt proceeds to explain
how to get a dust mulch and how it
does its work.
"A perfectly dry dust mulch," he
says, "does not have to be very deep
to be effective. In practice it is
found that the breaking of the first
two or three inches of surface soil
forms an effective mulch, but sand
mulches may be thinner than clay
mulches. Tho mulch should be no
deeper than is necessary for tho re
duction of evaporation to a minimum
for tho top soil is generally richer
than the lower soil and the thinner
a mulch can be made and maintained
effectively, the greater the root range
of tho plants.
"Tho principle involved in the
functioning of dust mulch is that the
capillary water is drawn from soil
particle to soil particle by surface
tension until it reaches the surface
of the soil and is evaporated. The
plowing of the surface to the depth
already indicated, by means of a
scrape or sweep, disturbs the arrange
ment of the soil particles and the
disarranged particles "blanket" the
surface and provent the loss of mois
ture to any considerable extent.
"It is necessary to renew the
mulch as soon as possible after each
rain, because dampening rearranges
the particles in such a way that ca
pillarity will be re-established."
PERSONAL LlllKKTY
We confine tho insane and epilep
tic, and Isolate contagiously diseased,
but permit the drunkard absolute
freedom of indulgence. Yet when
we suggest the rational thing to do,
the saloon apologist cries out against
encroachment upon personal liberty.
Individual liberty of conscience,
thought, and action, within certain
limitations, is the priceless heritage
of every American; and it is a prin
ciple that should bo guarded with
Jealous vigilance. It is tho ideal
political state of man, but Is subject
10 one other principle,- tho comfort,
AGKSTH
P. O. HoX
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Tho Commoner, Lincoln. Nebnmkn.
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"The crop yield and moisture con
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to BOO pounds of water for each
pound of dry matter grown, hence
the necessity for reducing the loss of
"Water through surface evaporation.
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v i a nv asuaiajl s -
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ity.
Absolute personal freedom is im
possible. It is the dream of tho an
archist only. Wherever there is a
law, and law is necessary for our
very existence, there are checks and
limitations on personal liberty. In
fact, every law of God and man re
stricts the liberty of the individual.
We deny the right of the highway
man to take money or property by
rorce. we deny the right of the
tnier to take things of value
stealth.
hvoBtcrn Htate. Flno opening. AddrcflM
No. 48, co Commoner.
CTOCK FARM FOR HALE G24 acrew,
li mll(j from railroad. Good fertllo
soil; part of it mnklnic CO buwlioln of
corn per aere. Splendid grtiflH and wa
ter. Good Htoclc of catllo and liotfft fto
with tho place. Sold at a bargain, canh
or terms, $25.00 per acre. T. W.
DavidKon, Marshall, Texan.
ALFALFA 1ION13Y for Bale. Tn 5-al.
OO-lli. cnnH. XH. 00 ciic.h. Htnall flamnlo
Itrt.ifttr irl4l tifkntflj 1 !. A TC1 UtttttffA
ilium; nun . w; i, zt i, - i;iiiiuivi
hv i Prnnrli.tfirv l")illn AnliirlH Dnllii f'nlfi-
We deny the right of thcjr,ldo-
embezzler to take by deceit. We
deny the right of the property owner
to construct buildings of inflammable
materials within the fire-limits of
the city. We den the sportsman the
right of killing game out of season.
We deny the right of marriage with
out license and prescribed ceremony.
Why, then, should we not, in perfect
harmony with our institutions and
tho fundamental principles of our
government, eliminate the greatest
plague-spot in our social organism?
Gov. E. M. Hay of Washington.
PARTY wlio wrotn to 113G Orvlllo Ave.,
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Speeches of f
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Revised and Arranged by
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FOLLOWING ARE TUB TITLES I
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THE PRICE OF A SOUL
; THE VALUE OP AN IDEAL
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MAN
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