The commoner. (Lincoln, Neb.) 1901-1923, March 01, 1914, Page 27, Image 27
c y w r T$r n The Commoner M&RCQ, 1914 27 rWlljgjlmSypvirl- Two Hogs In the Field of Agriculture GROWING OATS Every community has some man "who is noted as the man who has "the best luck with his oats of any body," and here and there you will find some man, who despite his local ity and the climatic conditions, makes yields averaging nearly twice that of his neighbors One of the greatest essentials in growing oats is to get thd seed into tho ground early. This crop grows best in cool climates and in cool weather, and is often materially in jured by a few hot days when it is near maturity. Frosts or even hard freezes after the seed is sown seldom injure it, so that, as a rule, oats should be sown just as soon as the ground is in condition to work in the spring. In fact, a' few farmers in the northern states are now sowing the ordinary spring varieties of oats in the fall, just before the ground freezes The seed does not usually germinate in the fall, but begins growth with the first warm days of spring. The advantages claimed for this practice are that the fall seed ing lessens the spring rush of work and that the seed gets an earlier start than is possible with spring seeding. The dangers incident to fall seeding include germination in the fall and subsequent winterkill ing, freezing after the seed germ inates in the spring, and injury from alternate freezing and thawing and continued cold, wet weather. Some Ohio and Indiana farmers have grown good cnops of oats from seed sown broadcast on tho snow in February, depending on later freezes and thaws to cover the seed. Seed ing in this way can not be generally recommended, as the chances of loss are too great. All tests conducted at the experi ment stations are favorable to early spring seeding as compared with later seeding. In time-of-seeding tests conducted for five years at the Illinois station the earliest date gave the highest yield in three of the tests, while the second and third dates, respectively, gave the highest yields in the other two tests. In these tests seeding was begun as early as possible in the spring and continued at intervals of about one week to May 1. The best dates for seeding seemed to be from March 21 to April 8. Similar results in favor of early seeding were obtained in a five-yer test at the Kansas sta tion. The highest yield was from seeding about March 8, and there was a material decreaso in yield for each week of delay in seeding. Seed ing the first week .in April yielded only about half as much as that done early in March. A later test at this station showed better results from sowing in the latter paTt of March than at an earlier or later date. The exact date of seeding natural ly depends on the locality and the season. Seeding of spring oats be gins in the south in tho later part of January or early in February, and in the northern states it is not completed until May. PREVENTING POTATO SCAB Scabby spots upon the surface of tho potato tuber may bo caused by a number of factors. The fungus causing the true scab, commonly known to all - potato growers, lives over winter in the soil, and if potatoes follow potatoes year after year, it will bo found impossible to secure clean tubers even by tho use of treated seed. If tho tuber becomes affected when small it frequent ly becomes so unsightly as to becomo unsalable, but when the scab spot appears after the potato is well de veloped it is of much less import ance. Tho method of control is to practice crop rotation. Potatoes af fected with scab, or those which have been stored or shipped with scabby tubers, should be treated before planting. One way is to soak tho potatoes for two hours before cut ting in a solution made by adding one pint of 40 per cent formaldehyde in thirty gallons of water. After re moving the potatoes from this solu tion they should bo dried, cut and planted in the ordinary way, being careful not to place the treated seed in containers which have held un treated potatoes. A good plan is' to place the tubers in coarse burlap sacks and submerge the sack com pletely in the solution. The sacks may then be used for the treated tubers. GARDEN WORK March is the month to commence garden work in ,r ost of the eastern and central states. It is true that a great amount of work can not be done this month, yot it is a' month to make a good beginning in certain ways. If the garden has not already been thoroughly manured this work should be done at once, then .plowed deeply as o,on as the soil is in fit condition. Lettuce and radish beds can be started in warm spots Lettuce will stand a good deal of cold weather provided the bed is protected at night with a cover of some kind, and not uncovered in the morning until the sun gets up and frost melted To grow it prepare a bed in a well pro tected spot sheltered from the cold north and west winds. Chop or spade the bed up deeply, then work in a liberal amount of stable manure well pulverized. Poultry manure will do equally as well, but bo sure and work both kinds in the soil thor oughly before sowing the seed. By this method lettuce may be started in the garden in March, and new lettuce can be had for the table early in April. WOMEN AS FARMERS Women are coming to the front as farmers in many of our states, says W. D. Neale, in Coleman's Rural World. While they may not do the work of the farm, they give direction to the hired men. And they are proving themselves efficient as managers of farms. Success is crowning their efforts. The state of Kansas alone has 1,200 women who are actually man aging farms, and they are making good success of their agricultural life work. These women are scattered over the state, and some of them may be found in each of the 54 counties. Some women who own farms do not take paTt in the active management of them. The reason these women are reap ing success is simply because they have studied farming from a scien tific standpoint. At least 98 per cent of, these w.omen are members of the farm institutes, and their names are on the mailing lists for all the bulletins issued by the agricultural college. It is tho reverse with men, for not over 20 per cent of them are. looking out for somothing bettor. oimie oi these women were school teachers, who on account of poor health gave up tho school room for tho farm. A large number of them are widows who were left farms by their deceased husbands. These were not afraid to take the farm into their hands and carve success from it for themselves and their children. Of course, there wero some women who bought farms outright, but quite a number who either inherited them or homesteaded. The ono reason for woman's suc cess in farming is attributed to her devotion to the detail of the work. She neglects nothing, During tho past season sho has demonstrated that it pays to farm along scientific lines. Thero was corn in many of their fields, while across tho fences on the farms of men who paid no at tention to farm study no corn came to maturity. HATCHING WITH HENS Tho best results in natural hatch ing will bo obtained when tho hens are set on the ground. Repeated ex periments have demonstrated that where hens were set in this way stronger, bigger chicks wero hatched than from those set in nests off the ground. If it is not convenient to build outdoor nesting coops, or thero should be no shed available with a dirt floor and the hens have to sot in nests with wooden bottoms, writes J. E. Dougherty, in a recent bulletin of the California experiment station, cut a square of fresh sod and lay it in the bottom of tho nest box just before the eggs are put in. They put on top just sufficient straw to hold tho eggs in tho center. The hens should be allowed to sit on china eggs for a few days before giv ing them good eggs, in order to let them get used to the coop, and also to seo if they aro really In earnest about wishing to sit. Just before putting the good eggs under them, the hens should be dusted with an effective lice powder and a little of tho powder sprinkled over tho nest. As soon as the hens have brought off their chicks, the egg shells and the old nesting materials should be cleaned out. 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