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The Commoner.
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VOLUME 12, NUMBER 13
nomination at tho
21st. The league
previous policy of
other candidate by
to "the only candi
date for the presidential nomina
tion from Ohio" as a pronounced re
actionary, "who refused to vote the
democratic ticket in 1896."
the presidential
primaries May
maintained its
mentioning no
name, reierring
IGlKliiy-throo minors wore en
tombed ul Welch, Vu., and only Uireo
escaped.
hiding. Further
expected.
developments are
Before Judgo Carpenter in the
ederul court at Chicago the puckers
wore acquitted on tho charge of
violating tho Shonmin null-trust
law. Tho jury deliberated eighteen
hours. Tho men on trial wore:
Louis I Swirt, Edward V. Swift,
Charles II. Swift and Francis A.
Kowlor tho Swirt group; J. Ogden
Armour, Arthur Mookor, Thomas .1.
Connors tho Armour group; Ed
ward Morris and Louis II. Iloyman
the .Morris group; Edward It. Tlldcn,
head of tho National Packing com
pany. This is tho culmination of tho ton
years' fight against tho beef trust.
Tho record is as follows:
May 27, 1 1)02 Judgo Grossed p
granted restraining order prohibiting
packers' combination.
July 1, 11)015 injunction mado
permanent by Judgo Crosscup.
February 20, 1905 Department
of justlco began gathering evidenco
against tho "beef trust."
July 1,1905 Sixteen packers and
four corporations indicted.
December III, 1905 Cases called
for trial boforo Judgo Humphrey.
March 21, 19 0G Judgo Humph
rey dismisses cases, granting pack
ers famous "immunity bath."
March 21, 1910 National Pack
ing company and ton subsidiaries in
dicted. Juno 2-1, 1910 Indictments
quashed by Judgo Landis and now
investigation ordered.
Soptembor 12, 1910 Indictments
returned against ton Chicago pack
ers. November 19, 1910 Packers
granted chango of venue, on statuto
of 1S92, by Judgo Landis. Judge
Carpenter designated to try tho case.
January 2, 1911 Civil suit for
dissolution of trust dismissed.
July 0, 1911 Packors plead not
guilty.
Docembor 5, 1911 United States
Biipremo court refuses stay of trial;
docislon on constitutionality of Sher
man act hold in abeyance.
December G, 1911 Trial opened
boforo Judgo Carponter.
March 25, 1912 Caso went to
jury.
March 2G, 1912 Verdict of
guilty returned and packors
charged.
the election law.
appropriations for
state capitol build-
appropriation for
Governor Dcneen has called the
Illinois legislature in special session
for tho following purposes:
"j To amend tho primary elec
tion law.
"2 To amend
"3 To mako
tho repair of the
ing.
"4 To make
tho repair of buildings at tho state
fair grounds.
"5 To amend the state insurance
law.
"G To propose an amendment to
articlo 14, section 2, of tho consti
tution permitting tho adoption of
moro than ono amendment to the
constitution at one time.
"7 To amend tho existing laws
so as to confer greater power upon
bonds of park commissioner, par
ticularly to authorize such boards to
condemn riparian and literal rights
as well as lands and property, and
otherwise to acquire tho same.
"8 To mako appropriation for1
tho maintenance of the state grain
inspection department.
"9 To mako appropriation for
tho maintenance of the department
of factory inspection.
"10 To amend clauso 50, section
1 of tho act providing for the general
expenses of the state government by
providing additional appropriation
thereunder.
xx j-u iiuwvu ajJi.Jiujjriiii.iuu iui
the medical department of the Uni
versity of Illinois.
"12 To mako appropriation for
tho maintenance of the soil survey
and tho agricultural departments.
"13 To mako an appropriation
for tho payment of the expenses of
this extraordinary session of the
general assembly."
melions, and forced tho Tafts into
open opposition to majority rule in
this land of the free," Frank Q.
Stewart, one of tho mbst prominent
democratic leaders of Iowa today an
nounced his candidacy for delegate-at-large
to the Baltimore convention.
"I am for William -Jennings Bryan
for president," was the opening sen
tence of Mr. Stuart's announcement.
A strike is now
fields of Ohio.
on in the soft coal
Ihe
not
dis-
Three persons were killed
seven wore injured in tho
Island, 111., roit.
and
Rock
A Davenport, la., dispatch, car
ried by tho United Press, says: Mobs
rioted, fought tho polico and cut tho
hose of tho flro department until 2
o'clock in tho morning about tho
office of tho Weekly News at Rock
Island, in efforts to secure copies of
tho papor containing an attack on
Mayor Shrlver and a woman by Edi
tor Looney, who is still in tho hos
pital suffering from wounds inflicted
by his honor in an assault. Loonoy
printed tho picturo of the mayor and
tho woman with an attack on the
executive, but tho polico suppressed
the papors. Harry M. Carkin, candi
date for congress, mado a speech in
tho public square advising tho people
to go to tho News office and get the
papers for which thoy had paid.
"When thoy arrived four policemen
barred their way and a fight fol
lowed. Tho polico wore routed and
took rofugo in the polico station and
tho firemen turned tho hose on tho
mob. Tho hoso was cut and tho mob
stormed tho police station trying to
capture Mayor Schrivor, who is in
State-wide primaries in Now York
resulted in a big victory for Mr. Taft.
Eighty of the ninety delegates chosen
for tho Chicago convention being for
tho president. Mr. Roosevelt says
caai mo primary was "scandalous."
Indiana republicans in state con
vention split after tho convention
showed that it was controlled by the
Taft forces. Tho Taft faction hnri n
majority of 105 and now contesting
delegations will go to tho Chicago
convention from Indiana.
Roosevelt forces asked the gover
nor of New York to call a second
primary but the governor said ho
had no authority.
In his instructions to the jury in
the Packers' case Judge Carpenter
said
"A combination between several
independent concerns or traders en
f?n$rnf1 in interstate commerce, the
dominant and controlling purpose of
which is to eliminate competition be
tween themselves or to fix, regulate
and control prices of fresh beef is a
combination in restraint of trade
within tho meaning and intent of the
law.
"If you do not believe from all the
evidence beyond a reasonable doubt
that the different groups of defen
dants or any two of them were en
gaged in Interstate commerce, carry
ing on separate enterprises, and were
within three years prior to Septem
ber 12, 1910, engaged in a combina
tion among themselves deliberately
and intentionally planned the main
or controlling purpose or wmen was
either to eliminate competition or to
fix, regulate and control prices of
fresh beef in manner and form as
charged in the indictment or some
count thereof, then you will not be
justified in finding the defendants
guilty."
Tho court held that the question
of injury done the public was not
an element to bo considered by the
jury.
Tho necessary facts which the
government must have established
to warrant a verdict of Kuilty were:
T ulllllY 1 aw
v use, uiai me ueienaants carried on
the trade in the period of the indict
ment as charged, and second, that
the defendants prevented, restrained,
restricted, or stifled competition and
fixed, regulated and controlled sales
prices of fresh beef as the direct
result of a combination between
them.
Tho court declared that "to make
an officer or agent of a corporation
criminally liable for a corporate act
done by another agent, it must nn.
pear first, that the .officer or agent
to be charged had knowledge of the
fact of the other and, second, that
ho personally participated therein."
The court directed the jury to dis
regard the testimony concerning tho
handwriting on the telegrams as be
ing that of J. Ogden Armour and
Thomas J. Connors.
iiiu uuuit neiu mat tne jurors
could compare the handwriting with
otner writing in evidence.
In conclusion Judge Carpenter
said:
"I charge you particularly that
the defendants are not to be con
victed merely upon suspicion; they
are not to be convicted merely be
cause you think such a conviction
might bo popular. And here, let me
say that the matter of the high cost
of living, about which we have heard
and read so much duriner Hia na
year or more, has nothing to do
with this case."
An Associated Press dispatch from
New York says: There are 15,015,
5G9 Catholics in tho United States
proper, according to the 1912 edition
of "Kennedy's Official Catholic Direc
tory," which is authority also for
the following statistics:
A year ago the Catholic population
of the country was 14,618,701, while
ten years ago it was 10,976,757,
showing an increase of 4,038,812 for
the decade. Twenty years ago Catho
lics numbered 8,615, 1S5, showing
that within twenty years the Catho
lic population has nearly doubled.
There are 17,491 Catholic priests
in the United States and 13,939
Catholic churches with 9,256 resi
dent priests, the other 4,683 being
mission churches. The directory also
shows there are fourteen arch
bishops, two titular archbishops,
ninety-seven bishops, two archabbots
and fifteen abbots in the union.
Furthermore, there are eighty-three
seminaries with 6,006 students pre
paring for the priesthood, 229 col
leges for boys and 701 academies for
girls. There are 5,119 parochial
schools with an attendance of 1,333,
786. There are also 289 orphan
asylums caring for 47,111 orphans.
Including the children in parochial
schools, orphan asylums, academies,
colleges and other charitable institu
tions the grand total of young people
under Catholic care amounts to
1,540,049.
New York has the largest popula
tion of Catholics, 2,778,049.
Nebraska has 130,755.
At the Arkansas democratic pri
maries congressmen were nomi
nated as follows:
First district T. B. Carraway.
(Defeated R. B. Macon.)
Second district William A. Old
field. (Renominated.)
Third district J. C. Floyd. (Re
nominated.) Fourth district O. T. Wingo.
Fifth district H. M. Jacoway.
(Renominated.)
Sixth district S. M. Taylor. (Suc
ceeds J. T. Robinson.)
Seventh district W. S. Goodwin.
(Renominated.)
Nomination on the- democratic
ticket is considered as equivalent to
election.
The Arizona legislature elected
the United States senate Marcus
Smith and Henry F. Ashhurst.
to
A.
Theodore Roosevelt spoke in 'Chi
cago and declared that he is the
happy medium between tho radicals
at both ends of tho republican party
In the Arkansas primaries Con
gressman Joseph Robinson was
nominated for governor over Gover
nor Donaghy. Jeff Davis was elected
to the senate, defeating former Con
gressman Stephen Brundigo.
A Columbus, O., dispatch, carried
by the Associated Press, says: The
Ohio democratic progressive league
" uiuuuuu aero voteu to
uovernor Wilson of
New
supnort
Jersey for
Colorado republicans declared for
Taft, the state convention standing
657 for Taft and 241 for Roosevelt.
Albert B. Fall and Thomas B.
Catron, republicans, were elected to
the United States senate from tho
new stato of Now Mexico. Fall was
born at Frankfort, Ky., in 18G1 and
Catron in Lafayette county, Missis
sippi in IS 11.
The drying of potatoes is an indus
try that has been developed in the
past fivo years in Germany, which
country grows one-third of the
world's potato crop. During the
past year under orders of tho secre
tary of agriculture, an investigation
has been made in Germany of tho
starch and dried potato industries,
dealing especially with machine and
methods in use. Germany has po-,
tato drying plants with a combined
yearly capacity of nearly 25,000,000
bushels of potatoes, equal to more
than 7 per cent of the average annual
potato crop of the United States for
tne three years ending with 1911.
An Associated Press dispatch from
Chariton, Iowa, says: Declaring that
it was Bryanism alone which lias
made the people of America think
which has converted La Follettes
into democrats, Roosevelts into cha-
Raymond D. Pierson, New York
commissioner of agriculture, says
that New York farms, in spite of much -misinformation
to the contrary, to
day, are yloldlng greater average po
tato crops and more wheat to the
acre, and moro corn even, than many .
of the much vaunted agricultural
states. Ex. ,
I I' u
&$&
"
