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OCTOBER 6, 1911
The Commoner.
Italy and Turkey causes apprehen
sion. Damage to England's Interests
and prestige Is a factor in the resul
tant anxiety.
The danger is how far the Turks
will exercise self-restraint and limit
their retaliation to Italy; how far
racial and religious feeling may in
cite them to political activities.
Much the darkest clouds seem to
he in the direction of Greece. Some
fear prevails lest Turkey's pride and
the necessity for the "young Turks"
government to gain popularity may
incite the government to show that it
can play the game of aggression and
demand Greece to give up her claims
on Crete. British officials arc more
concerned over the possibilities of
trouble in the Balkans and Greece
than with the actual conflict over
Tripoli.
The theory gains ground here that
Italy's stroke is the last of the pro
gram agreed on by the powers of
the triple entente that it was ar
ranged when Austria took Bosnia
and Herzegovnia and Italy only
waited an opportune moment to carry
it into execution. Austria's acqui
sition of the two provinces Ger
many's forward movement in Moroc
co and Italy's compensation cam
paign nearby are interpreted by un
friendly observers as too logical to
bo considered mere independent acts.
England's hands are tied officially in
the present strained relations in
Europe.
The government can not afford to
incur the enmity of either belligerent
by taking sides with the other. Yet
her neutrality means a loss of in
fluence with Turkey, which she has
been struggling to retain since the
beginning of the Young Turk regime.
While most of the London papers be
moan the war as a calamity in which
England could not interfere, the
Daily Graphic attacks the foreign
secretary, Sir Edward Grey, contend
ing that he should have stood by the
treaty obligations which make the
integrity of the Ottoman empire an
European affair in which no one
power has the right to interfere.
A dispatch to the Daily Chronicle
from Constantinople says four trans
ports loaded with ammunition started
for Tripoli. The Italian residents
have received orders to close their
schools and shops and not congregate
anywhere. Many of them are leav
ing the city. The Banco di Roma
and the Italian postoffice are
guarded. A massacre of Italians in
Adana, A&ia Minor, is feared. Italy
has considerable interests and a
large colony there. -News has reached
here that Turkish troops have occu
pied Thessaly, to keep the Greeks in
check and prevent them from at
tempting to capture Crete. The Rus
sian fleet in the Black sea is ready
for any emergency. It is now an
chored before Trebizond.
The sultan and the heir apparent
sat in council with the ministers all
night, when it was .finally decided
. that Turkey should yield to force and
not oppose he Italian landing at
Tripoli, but hold influential Italians
as hostages.
The former American ambassador
to Turkey, Oscar A. Straus, sent a
telegram to Secretary Knox at Wash
ington, urging that the United
States should exercise its right
under the convention for the peace
able settlement of international dis
putes to prevent war.
Mr. Straus, in his telegram, says
in part:
"The approaching clash of arms
between Italy and Turkey far trans
cends the interests of .the two powers
involved. The consequence of Italy's
precipitate action can not but have
the most serious results as a pre
cedent for future aggressions by
other powers. The United tates has
contributed foremost among the na
tions in the conclusion of the con
vention of the pacific settlement .of
11
j International disputes. I am sure I
urn voicing the prevailing sentiments,
not only of the Americans, but of all
nations, in calling upon our gov
ernment to promptly offer its officos
of mediation which is ever right and
which the convention expressly pro
vides shall not be regarded as an un
friendly act.
"Whatever rights, political or other
wise, Italy may justly lay claim to
in Tripoli, certainly can be secured
without bloodshed and with justice
by submitting them to The Hague
tribunal."
Albert L. Mohlcr has been made
president of the Union Pacific Rail
way company.
II. 0. Bursum, a standpatter, was
nominated for governor by the re
publican state convention for New
Mexico.
The fighting strength of the two
nations is described by the Lincoln
(Neb.) Journal, in this way:
Italy's standing army in 1910-1911
numbered approximately 225,000
men and 14,000 officers, but a far
greater number could be put in the
field in case of necessity. The
Italian navy consists in vessels built,
or building, fifteen battleships, nine
armored cruisers, seventeen un
armored cruisers and gun vessels,
thirty-six destroyers, an equal num
ber of first class torpedo boats and
twenty-two submarines. In the
naval force there are approximately
31,000 men. Seamen for the fleet
are recruited by conscription, and
all men following the seafaring life
of twenty years of age must serve
at sea for eighteen months or more.
There also are naval training schools
for boys. The fleet commands are:
Mediterranean fleet, Vice Admiral De
Oresti; Spezia, Vice Admiral Moreno;
Venice, Vice Admiral Vicotti; Mad
dalena, Rear Admiral Favarelli; Ta
rato, Vice Admiral Gagliardi.
The navy is administered by the
minister of marine who is respon
sible to parliament and there are
three naval districts each, adminis
tered by a flag officer. As a whole,
the Italian navy is generally ranked
fifth among nations. As seamen the
Italians are skilled and ingenious.
They have constructed some remark
able war vessels.
Naval lists .show that Turkey haB
a fighting strength of nine coast de
fense ironclads, five protected cruis
ers; six torpedo vessels, pne gunboat,
twenty-one torpedo boat destroyers,
twenty-seven torpedo boats and two
submarines. As compared with the
greater nations this array is a neg
lible quantity. There are .31,000 offi
cers as against 9,000 marines.
English and American officers play
an important part in 'Turkish naval
affairs.
The Ottoman army as a result of
the revolution which resulted in vic
tory for the young Turks is now in
process of reorganization, but a mili
tary council has been called into
existence and a great deal of modern
equipment has been purchased.
The empire is divided into seven
army corps districts and there are
independent districts at Medina and
Tripoli, respectively. The total of
the fighting strength is close to a
million fighting men and by the
military laws all Mussulmen are
liable by military service. Chris
tians and certain sects have paid the
exemption tax. The nomad Arabs,
although liable to service by Jaw,
furnish few or no recruits and many
Kurds evade service. Much the best
of the army is in European Turkey.
lasted ten minutes. In fact, ho had
to ask tho crowd to stop tho demon
stration beforo tho program could
proceed."
Governor Plaisted of Malno has
appointed Obediah Gardner to suc
ceed tho late William P. Frye as
United States senator. Maine now
has two democratic senators.
.Production of cotton throughout
tho country for tho year ending
August 31, 1911, was 12 per cent
greater than last year. Consumption,
however, duo to the high price of the
raw material, was 2 per cent less.
Dr. J. T. Hay, superintendent
of the Nebraska hospital for the in
sane at Lincoln, died of heart
trouble.
An Indianapolis dispatch says:
Tho city of Indianapolis will sell
potatoes at tho city market at actual
cost of G9 cents a bushel, plus trans
portation charges to this city, in
order to force commission men to
reduco exorbitant prices. Mayor
Shank sent a representative to
Michigan. Ho bought a large supply
of potatoes at 09 cents a bushel in
the car. Potatoes aro retailing at
$1 to $1.40. Mayor Shank plans to
secure a supply of apples which will
be sold under tho same plan.
Lieutenant-Governor L. A. Froth
ingham will bo the republican candi
date for governor of Massachusetts.
Col. J. W. McCulloch, president of
tho Kentucky Distillers' association,
has been mailing letters to federal
employes soliciting funds for the
O'Rear campaign. He insists on the
importance of a republican victory
in Kentucky this year because of Its
bearing on the national campaign
next year.
Tho latest official estimate places
those killed in the explosion on the
French battleship LIberte at 235.
Former members of tho South
Carolina liquor dispensary are on
trial on tho charge of defrauding
tho state in the purchase of $35,000
worth of .whisky labels, enough to
last ten years.
New Jersey primaries were held
for the nomination of members of
the legislature and local officers.
Governor Wilson and his friends
were pitted against James Nugent
recently removed us chairman of the
democratic state committee. Gover
nor Wilson's forces were victorious.
An increase of ope-half a cent a
pound on butter by the Elgin board
of trade is attributed to the failure
of Canada to vote for reciprocity.
General Charles F. Manderson,
former United States senator from
Nebraska, died on shipboard while
returning to his Omaha home from
a European trip.
Referring to Mr. Bryan's address
to the conservation congress at
Kansas City, the correspondent for
the Denver News says: "When
Ttrvfm entered the hall the vast
audience gave him an ovation that I
Judge Peter S. Grosscup an
nounces that he will be ready to re
tiro from the federal bench in
October.
The Porte has addressed a circu
lar to the powers requesting them
to restrain Italy from hostile action
in regard to Tripoli.
Insurgent republicans have caused
to be distributed In various places
hand bills containing questions for
President Taft. Following are tho
questions:
"1. Why, Mr. President, did you
consider a reduction of duties on
agricultural products so urgent as
to require a special session of con
gress, while, at the same time, you
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