NOVEMBER 11. 1904
The Commoner.
13
but the slightest pressure on the helm
to change the direction of the vessel
and to respond to every demand that
I made upon It.
'"I also profited by the lesson I
learned on the first flight, and when I
found that tho motor was working
emoothly and evenly, furnishing all
the power necessary for a successful
demonstration, I let well enough alone
and did not attempt to increase the
sparking which action caused the mo
tor to "go' dead" on my trial last Tues
day. "'The mechanical part of the air
ship worked perfectly. The motor did
not miss an ignition, and the revolu
tions of the propeller were steady and
powerful. I am not sufficiently experi
enced to estimate tho speed at which I
moved, and any way, I was too busy
most of tho time to make any calcu
lations.' "Captain Baldwin was extremely op
timistic regarding the future of his
airship.
"'I had about determined to leave
St. Louis he said, 'but now I will not
bo content to leave before I have had
several trials for that 5100,000 prize.
V 'Knabenshuo went up with instruc
tions not to go far from the aeronau
tic concourse, and to bring tho ship to
the ground after a trial of half an
hour. Ho came within two minutes of
obeying my instructions to tho letter.
We will give daily exhibitions, of vary
ing lengths, to convince tho people of
the world that I am right'"
The Intelligence of the Bee
In point of mental development the
bee stands high. "Neither in its in
stincts nor in general intelligence can
any fish be compared with an ant or
bee," says Romanes. The ant is, on
the whole, superior in intelligence to
the bee, but in some respects it is the
bee's inferior. The bee has a well
developed faculty for communication.
It not only recognizes its fellows but
distinguishes between men. It has a
government and practices division of
labor. It carries oh wars. It is the
most skillful of architects. Tho apti
tude with which, in diverse circum
stances, bees adapt means to ends,
makes it impossible for any one who
Las cldsely observed them to doubt
that they are guided by an intelligence
analogous to that of human beings.
Tho bee community is autocratically
ruled by a queen. Her subjects are
males, called "drones' and sterile fe
males, called "workers." As soon as
tho queen has been fertilized the work
ers fall upon their indolent and de-,
lenseiesa urotners, me a rones, ana
sting them to death or throw them
out to perish in the cold. All tho labor
of the hive, all tho fighting in war, is
done by the workers. The food of
bees consists of honey and "bee bread."
The more nutritious bee bread has the
effect, when fed to a female larva, of
developing it into a queen. Only one
queen is required for a hive, but the
far-sighted bees always raise several.
If any accident happens to the reign
ing sovereign they then have other
females they can raise to the throne.
The eggs are all laid by the queen.
During the season of reproduction the
queen requires so much food that a
dozen or nlore workers are appointed
to wait upon her. She walks about tho
hive, accompanied by her retinue, and
drops an egg in each cell. A highly
remarkable thing is that she can con
trol the sex of her eggs, and always
puts worker eggs in worker cells and
drone eggs in drone cells. If so many
larvae hatch out as to overcrowd the
hive ,it is the duty of the old queen
to lead forth a swarm. Tho young
queens have to be kept in close con
finement until the old queen departs,
for if they were out the old queen
would kill them. Should the hive
still be overcrowded one of the young
queens leads forth another swarm.
That bees profit by experienced shown
by the fact that before the old queen
leads forth a swarm she always sends
out scouts to reconnoiter the "ground,
while a young queen never does. When
the swarming season is over, if there
still are two or more queens in the
nest, they are all liberated at once,
and, while the workers stand around
and apparently cheer them on, they
light desperately for possession of the
throne until all but one ia dead. Huber j
jQ9pnBXWWHp
relates that he once saw two queens
in a position simultaneously to sting
each other to death. They at once re
leased tneir grasp as if In horror of a
situation that might end in leaving
tho hive queenless.
As soon as a bee arrives at its hive
with news It emits two or three shrill
notes and taps a comrade with Its long,
flexible, slender antennae. Tho news
is transmitted in tho same way through
the hive; and if It Is of a startling
character, will soon cause a great
buzzing and commotion. P. Muller
once saw several workers pushing tne
queen in an odd way with their heads
and trying to tell her of some cells in
which she had dropped no eggs. The
queen understood them, but as sho
could find no empty cells sho went off.
"Thus the workers know how to ad
vise the queen that something was as
yet to bo done, but they knew not how
to show her where it had to be done."
These little insects have effective
means of protecting their hives against
intruders, as many people have good
cause to know. If a strange bee, not a
queen, attempts to enter and is de
tected, It is speedily surrounded and
stung to death. When a hive is at
tacked by the death's head moth the
bees close the entrance of their hive
with wax and propolis and keep It
closed until a season comes when moth
of this species are not numerous. Mice,
slugs, etc., which get Into the hive
are killed and covered with propolis
to prevent their putrefaction, which
would make tho ingenious Insects sick.
Reaumur once saw a snail enter a hive.
The bees were unable to sting it be
cause of s shell. They therefore fas
tened it to the wall with wax and
resin and left it there 10 starve.
They fully appreciate the Importance
of keeping pure the air in their hives,
ana have a curious and effective meth
od of ventilating. When the temper
ature gets too high a large number ot
workers are told off who station them
selves through all parts of the dwell
ing, and, by beating rapidly with their
wings, produce a draft so strong, ac
cording to Huber, as to extinguish a
lighted match. The practice of ven
tilating has been developed under do
mestication. There was no lack of
fresh air in the cool and roomy cave3
and trunks of trees they inhabited in
a state o. nature.
Nothing more strikingly evinces the
mental capacity of bees than the fact
that they learn to distinguish their
friends from their enemies and the
readiness with which they lend them
selves to tuition by their keepers. The
story Is told of an English beekeeper,
named Wildman who could at any
moment In some secret way bring a
whole swarm of bees about his head.
He also had his bees so trained that
when commanded to do so they would
form into companies!, regiments, and
battalions. At the word "March!" the
liliputian army advanced In good or
der until told to halt. The little sol
diers were so well taught that they
never stung any of the many people
na
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Loftis Bros. t Co.
DIAMOND CUTTERS AND
MANUFACTURING JEWELERS
Dept. M-6o , 92 to 98 State Street
CHICAGO, ILL., U. S. A.
C?rlc-t, WH, Fr-ulla AirttiUlm in7, Chlttf.
THE PLATFORM TEXT BOOK
Contains Declaration of Independence, Constitution of the U. 5., All
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THE COMMONER, LIacol, Nebr.
$7-95 fiSJSS-rT
mmmmmm steel rang
without hlrf- dojet or reservoir. Willi
large, bleb, roomy, warming closet and
reicrrair.iima-niowu iu tji, i -
Reservoir Is porcelain on Intlde, aibestof
covered on outride, lieflry cut top with 6
nulSlzeCOOIUBKOOies. t-aiKpivuiuy via,
rezi-S-18ti. (We b-ve 9 styles of steel
ssa case esbcgb wiui wuui ix - --'
. - w- t - in ftiilt fljf.l
i The body Is crude of cold
'nl trA cf rrl . on tad. all C-t-t.
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'we u-elmprored duplex gntc.
'lt-n wrl or eaiL IMahal
ftkrl i fv-- jf naif- tin
' (TaCJtc-i uu warn wuiw --
clofet: band lad omatseat oaiss-ww.
ovea door. etc. Are highly pcWthwrf.
tnaklngr the range ea orosmeat to any
fl- hr m m
I -rK-HK aver made. We wulshfpyoa
; tttn fc-n-rr(Mei-inHiirHmi erl ri'-l sad wegslrtBtM-tto"
tHdivna-nMwfei--. You can y foI--0eyeareM?eK. YM
WeyeareniheMMiiiaHaeHtf-vs lfyogtotletobea-dyeryfeinlp
tnerery way,sndthebl:gebarsalaIaastBTeyoeTesw orkewdof and enual to , stores tfeatftf-UC-edMiHc ear fMU
Iwaaaret-fliltto aad we wUl fwlrelbe wys,ejwealBeeteaeslMyC -.-.. -SI
AIIT Till eiJBnif HUT aadeadlttet-i-adwewMiallyiei-r-rseSteTeC-s-er. ft sssfclsrem tents fcgfrl
GUI 11115 , UUI tells yeei bow to cder. ewtt tMwraeteeSaayMsrfwwtWyey fMeeyaewjsgw
StweCataletefertse4aadlSeBsHHlaeeeiir f ARtfUl ftHTf 1111- fsJ4MlJLI-&-
jltoral ema-ll-lsrtt wrwris. .MlfMlWHl Main Wa Jt
fSsSSi
lar'i-BfflsVV'aV
1 KivB 99BBI
HBBi-if'of--3ri
$0.95 Jffif
JL Heater
Just as Ulattr-ted. 9mm
h-cd or soft coal or wooa.
JIM dnra ce&ter grate.
rnrmtrxtrti txfl not. eild
rolled sheet steel body.
tiMKMll . 1-M-M f
feed door, ash pitduorsnd
n pan, swing top. screw
Bra, nickel top rloz.
rfe.OfXEJl.TC
We bare bail
HotbloH.ftlr tights, the
kind ut retails lor ssjbw
forSOe Et burner
at the reguM pnee.
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