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The Commoner
VOLUME 4, NUMBER 24,
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The Republican Convention
Tho republican national convention
for 1904 was callod to order at Chi
cago, Tuesday, Juno 21f at 12 o'clock
noon.
Honry C. Payne, acting chairman of
tho national comralttoo, calledtho con
vention to order, introducing Rev.
Timothy P. Frost of tho First Metho
dist church of Evanston, 111., who pro
nounced tho opening prayer.
Elihu Root, former secretary of war,
was presontod as tho temporary chair
man. A temporary organization was
rlinn nffnntfifl find the convention ad-
journod at 2 o'clock until Wednesday
at 12 o'clock.
When tho convention assembled
Wodnusday, tho credentials committee
roported and by its report refused to
Beat tho La Folletto faction in Wiscon
sin and seated tho faction known as
"Stahvafts" presonted by Senator
Spoonor and others.
Joseph Cannon, tho speaker of the
house of representatives, was chosen
permanont chairman of tho conven
tion. Mr. Cannon was given an ova
tion. Ho did not deliver tho speech,
advanced copies of which tho Asso
ciated press sont out, but according to
tho Associated press, this is what Mr.
Cannon did say:
"For the first time in my life I put
in black and white enough sentences
to contain 2,500 words to say to you.
I have tried to memorize it (laughter),
but I cannot. I have given it out
through tho usual channels to the
groat audiences and now I must either
bog to bo excused entirely or I must
do llko wo do down in the house of
representatives under the five-minute
rule and make a few remarks. But
that no man shall say that I have not
mado a great speech I will set that
matter at rest by saying that from be
ginning to end I heartily indorse ev
ery statomont of fact and every senti
ment that was given you yesterday
from Iho temporary presiding officer
in the greatest speech over delivered
at a convontibn. (Applause.)
"Now let mo go on and ramble
.(laughter) and first, they say there is
no enthusiasm in this convention.
Gentlemen, the great river that has its
thirty feot of water rising in tho
mountains and crowinc In rlonth nnri
breadth down to tho ocean bears upon
its bosom the commorco of that sec
tion of land that it drains and bears
it out to tho world. It is a silent river
and yet the brawling that is liico to
tho river Platte out in Nebraska (that
is fourteen miles wide and four inches
deep) makes more noiso than tho big
gor river. (Laughter.)
. "When wo were young folks twenty
years ago (laughter) wo wont to seo
our best girls. Wo wore awfully en
thusiastic if they would give us a nod
of tho head or the trip away, 6atch-mo-if-you-can
air (laughter) to enter
upon the chase that was awfully
strenuous and awfully enthusiastic.
(Laughter.) But when she said 'yes
then good relations wore established
and we went on evenly through the
balance of our lives. (Laughter and
applause.)
"It is a contest that makes enthusi
asm. In 1004 as in 1900, everybody has
known for twelve months past who is
to bo our standard-bearor in this cam
paign. Wo aro hero for business.
(Laughter.) I wonder if our friends
"I Can't Go
Ive such a terrible headache," need
never bo said again. Dr. Miles' Anti
lamPIlla quickly cure nd positively
prevent headache and all bodily pain.
No opiates, nou-laxatlvo, never sold in huiv
Guaranteed. All druggi.rdS 25 erata.
Dk. Milks Mkdioal Co., Elkhart, Ind.
the onomy, would not bo glad of a lit
tle of our kind of enthusiasm. (Pro
longed laughter and applause.)
"I might illustrate further. 1 don't
know that it is necessary. I seo somo
of my former friends before mo
my colleague, Colonel Lowdon, and
various others. (Applause.) Now
thero is not one of you, that raises
chickens as I do but what understands
that when tho hen comes off tho nest
with ono' chicken sho does more
scratching and makes more noise than
tho motherly hen that Is fortunate
with twenty-three. (Laughter.) Our
friends, the onemy, will have tho cn
tbusiasm and wo will take the votes in
November, (Applause.)
"To be serious for a moment, the
republican party is a thorough party
and a thorough organization. You
find peoplo once in a while do not
want any parties. As long as you
have 80,000,000 of peoplo competent
for self-government they will organize
and will call the organization a party.
Tun i' publican party, born of the. dec
laration that slavery is sectional and
freedom national (applause), achieved
its first success in I860 with Abraham
Lincoln. (Applause.) Secession, tho
war of tho Union, you older men recol
lect it well. Wo have one of the sur
vivors here. I was glad to see the
convention give him the courtesies of
tho hall. Ho helped to make it possi
ble that wo could have this conven
tion. (Applause.)
"Forty-four years ago just about
now, what a contrast; divided country,
bankrupt treasury. Tho republican
party got into power and under its
great leadership wrote revenue legis
lation upon the statute books and went
back to tho principles of Washington
and Hamilton and legislation that
would produce revenue while fixing
duties- upon imports was so adjusted as
to encourage overy American citizen
to take part in tho diversified indus
tries and resourses of the country.
"Will you bear with mo for five
minutes while I speak of tho compari
son as it was then upon tho one hand
of facts and tho condition today?
"In 1860 wo had been substantially
dominated for many years by the free
trade party, insignificant in manufac
tures, great in agriculture. Under our
policy, which has been followed with
the exception of four years from that
time until this, the United States re
mains first in agriculture, but by leaps
ana bounds has diversified her indus
tries, until today wo are the greatest
manufacturing country on God's foot
stool. All the goods that come from
the factory are made in the United
States by the operation and co-operation
of American capital and Ameri
can labor and skill. Let us make one
other statement. Our product everv
year is greater than the entire com
bined manufactured product of Great
Britain, of Germany and of France.
Where do we get tho market for it?
Ninety-seven per cent of this great
product one-third tho world's product
finds a market amongst ourselves in
the United States and yet of this prod
uct last year, wo sold to foreign coun
triesI am speaking now of the man
ufactured product more than $400-000,000-29
per cent of our total ex
portsand our total exports mado and
make us tho greatest exporting nation
on earth. (Applause.) Made by la
bor? Yes, mado by labor that works
less hours than any labor on earth
Mado by labor that, conservatively
stated, received $1.75 as against the
average of the competitive labor in
the world of $1. (Applause.)
"Oh, gentlemen, it is not a few
ranchmen who make markets. Nav
nay; it is tho multiplied mill ons i on
farm, in mine and fnnfn A"?0?
ldLyaUlCsume.tomo"ow and with
jv j .unuymont ana good wages,
givo ua, with 80,000,000 of people, a
market equal to 200,000,000 of consum
ing people anywhere else on oarth. The
farmer buys the artisan's product. Tho
artisan, being employed, 'buys the
farmers' product. The wheels go round.
You cannot strike ono great branch of
labor in tho republic without tho blow
reacting on all producers. Well, are
you satisfied with tho comparison from
tho manufacturing standpoint? If not,
let mo givo you another illustration
that will perhaps go home to the minds
of men more quickly than tne illustra
tion I have given. Take the post
ofllco department that reaches all of
tho peoplo and no man is compelled to
pay ono penny. It is voluntary taxa
tion. From March, 1860, tho year that
Lincoln came into power, to March,
1861, in that twelve months tho total
revenue of the postofflce department
in all the United States was $8,500,000.
Keep that in your minds $8,500,000.
How much do you suppose it cost to
run tho department? Nineteen mil
lion. It took all the revenue and as
much and one-quarter as much more
from the treasury to pay for tho pos
tal service. Why, gentlemen, the city
postofflce of Chicago last year col
lected more revenues by almost $1,-
000,000 than was collected by the
whole department in the United States
in 1860. (Applause.)
"How is it now? We have reduced
postal rates over one-half since 1860.
Last year tho postal revenues were
$134,000,000 as against $8,000,000 in
1860 keep that in your mind $134,
000,000. The whole service only cost
$138,000,000. Wo had a deficit of $4,
000,000 3 per cent and we would not
have had that had it not been under
the leadership of tho republican party,
looking out for the welfare of the
peoplo and conducting the government
from a business standpoint, under the
leadership of McKinley, followed by
Roosevelt, thero was established rural
free delivery that cost $10,000,000. (Ap
plause.) "Great heavens, tho republican par
ty, from 1860 to this moment, moves
on does what good, common sense
dictates, and tho country grows to do
it. Well, now, I will drop that depart
ment. The republican party is a na
tional party and believes in diversi
fication of our industries and the pro
duction of American' capital and Amer
ican labor as against the cheaper labor
elsewhere on earth." (Applause.)
After the committee on rules had
made its report, the resolutions com
mittee reported. The platform was
read and adopted as follows:
Fifty years ago the republican party
came into oxistenco dedicated among
other purposes to the great task of ar
resting the extension of human slav
ery. In 1860 it elected its first presi
dent. During twenty-four of the forty
four years which have elapsed since
tho election of Lincoln the republi
can party has held complete control
of the government. 'For eighteen
more of tho- forty-four years it has
held partial control through the pos
session of one or two branches of tho
government, while the democratic par
ty during tho same period has had
complete control for only two years.
Phis long tenure of power by the re
publican party is not duo to chance.
It is a demonstration that the repub
lican party has commanded the confi
dence of the American people for near
ly two generations to a degree never
equalled in our history, and has dis
played a high capacity for rule and
government-which has been made
even more conspicuous by the incapac-
y and infirmity of purpose shown by
its opponents. "y
The republican party enters im
Jo tho party wh.cU carried tho govern!
ment through tho storms of civil v.r
We then found tho country at
four years of democratic rule in evil
plight, oppressed with misfortune and
doubtful of the future. Public credit
had been lowered, the revenues wero
declining, the debt was growing tho
administration's attitude toward Spain
was feeble and mortifying, the stand
ard of values was threatened and un
certain. Labor was unemployed, busi
ness was sunk in the depression which
had succeeded tho panic of 1893, hope
wua ittim u.iiu commence was gone.
Wo met these unhappy conditions
vigorously, effectively and at once. Wo
replaced a democratic tariff law
based on freo trade principles and
garnished with sectional protection by
a protective tariff and industry, freed
from oppression and stimulated by the
encouragement of wise laws, has ex
panded to -a degree never before
known, has conquered new markets
and has created a volume of exports
which has surpassed imagination. Un
der tlo Dingley tariff labor has been
fully employed. Wages have risen and
all industries have revived and pros
pered. We firmly established the gold
standard, which was then menaced
with destruction. Confidence returned
to business and with confidence an
unexampled prosperity.
For deficient revenues, supplemented
by improvident issues of bonds, wo
gave the country an income which
produced a large surplus and which
enabled us only four years after tho
Spanish war had closed to remove over
$100,000,000 of annual war taxes, re
duce the public debt and lower the In
ternal charges of the government. Tho
public credit, which had been so low
ered that in time of peace a demo
cratic administration mado largo
loans at extravagant rates of interest
in order to pay current expenditures,
rose under republican administration
to its highest point and enabled us
to borrow at 2 per cent even in time
of war.
We refused to palter longer with tho
miseries of Cuba. Wo fought a quick
and victorious war with Spain. Wo
set Cuba free, governed the island for
three years and then gave it to the Cu
ban people, with order restored, with
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