The Commoner.
JANUARY 22. 1904.
15
ADVANTAGES OF NICARAUGUA CANAL
The following: statements In regard
to the advantages which tho Nicar
agua canal would present to the com
mercial world, if constructed, aro from
the pen of Mr. J. W. Miller, late lieu
tenant commander, United States
navy, and have heen accepted by the
engineering world as accomplished
demonstrations of conditions which
need no further investigation for
proof. During the early days of Oc
tober, 1870, Mr. Miller sailed on a
steamer drawing ten feet of water
that departed from New York and
which within a month was anchored
in an inland sea within eleven miles
of the Pacific ocean. A sailor going
aloft upon the mast of that steamer
would at the height of 42 feet have
been above the summit of the divide
between the vessel and tho Pacific,
and he might have seen the spars of a
vessel at anchor in Brito roadstead,
tho western terminus of the Nicaragua
canal. Tho Central American Cordil
leras exist in one unbroken chain tho
entire length of the isthmus, but at
one point, near Rivas, they sink to
the lovest elevation on the American
continent, becoming simply hills
which skirt the Pacific shore But,
as the highlands lose their altitude,
the valleys to the eastward gain in
extent, forming a basin into which
the mountains of Costa Rica and
Nicaragua pour the vast amount of
water which drains from tneir lofty
sides. This basin is known as the
Lake of Nicaragua or Granada. It
covers an area 110 miles long by 40
S'p Month nml xinKr; no experience
"necdcd;position permanent; self-Bciller,
1 1Peabe Mfo. Co., Stat'n 59, Cinclnnati.O.
C P 7 Llf A PERMANENTLY ODlifeDI Our KUar
Fll 1 III A antco Is backed by a National liaakv
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037-39 Indiana Ave, Chicago, J 11.
a
"ADJC TREES toassr
M Fbuit BOOK free. WcfihAV CASH
r Wamt MOKE 8A1.X8MKN rA I Weekly
STARK BROS, Louisiana. Mo.; HmitsvIlle.Aw.:Etn
InALTnf THEESHonottlnquailt.'
I Budded reaches. 6c: Budded Cherrfe. 20e trout varis.
ties. Concord Grapes, J3. per 100. 1000 Ash J1J20. U.andH
Locust, Rus. Mulberry, &c. Low price. We pay freight. Cat
alog free. Calbralth Nurseries, Box 84 Falrbury, Neb.
H
00
PER CENT
HATCHES
RiSJSlWalffl
liififlfl
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Our now catalopruo contains hundreds of them obtained
by IHJOKKYKINOUK ATOIl usora In all parte of tho
U.S. Send for a copy and read tho proof. It Is free.
Buckeye Incubator Co., Box 50, BprlHEficld, O.
STEEL ROOFING
WO SQUARE FEET &H.OO
ll'ulntcd two nldes: nulla Included.
Strictly now, porXcctJseml-HarUeneu" steel
rtiueets, oreot long;. Tho bent Koofbtg-,
Hiding or Cellini; you can use. No ox-
loeneuco nccensary to lay it. An ordinary
Shammer or hatcnot tho only tools you
I need. Either flat, corrucrated or V
icrlmred. Wrlto for our Free Catalogue.
o. jw on rami suppuen. Kurnituro. etc,
Cllll'AuU IIOUfcjK WUKUKIKQ CO., W. JJMh A Iron Bis., CMea
CHICAGO'S GREAT
THEATRE HGRR01I,
a true sad rhrtirini tory of the tuoet eiii.ftnn
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Worlds Agitation. Great Flrts of fuL A cbjujiteW Seia$
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A wonderful teller. leiUTe demand. 8urnlln(revwp. lfcJi
ino cents u stamps for poatao en onr 1)10 OuxStT rtfjj
!CF PJCfDlffe ArlB BrgCIAUY rBBlUBKD TO JKAD CWT
COMPETITION And you will silU tXepirttA. ExtraC tuu
jVull lnstroetlons. KoOrttalor Experience required, ttd&k
bald. Write quie. lis first in field.
, W. STANTON CO., 323 Dearhara Street, Cblcap, III,
aIo You want to Sell Your Farm
RANCH, ulty property, wild and unimproved
land? If so, write me with full description and
caah price, No matter where located I cun find
you a buyer. Also, It you wnnt to buya ranch
or mrni got my list. Address with mention of
thla paper,
A. J. TO-N13 W1XSON, Jr., Colby, Esmai.
miles broad; is jn places more than
100 fathoms deep; contains a chan
nel, from its eastern to its western
extremity, capable of floating the
largest ships; is only 100 feet above
tho ocean, and by reason of its mag
nitude is subject to nono of those
extreme changes of level so common
to all small bodies of water situated
in the tropics. Freshets never occur,
cither in thelake or in tho San Juan,
for tho first sixty-four miles o Its
course. It is the only river of the
tropics not given to sudden rises;
flowing through a narrow valley the
greater part of tho distance, with an
average depth of forty feet during the
last eighteen miles, with no large
Btreams swelling its current, a dam of
52 feet is perfectly practicable at the
San Carlos. This built, we have con
tinuous lake and river navigation for
130 miles, leaving only 40 miles of
actual canal and artificial basin. Ev
ery seafaring man will acknowledge
that 130 miles of smooth water navi
gation would bo preferable to the Gulf
of Mexico 'northers" and the tropical
"doldrums" obtaining north and south
of Nicaragua beyond the trade wind
belt. Commanders of war and ateel
vessels also know what advantages
chore are in such a body of fresh wa
ter in ridding their ships from barn
acles. Here, then, we have a reservoir
capable of supplying a uniform and
Inexhaustible amount of water, the
gauges of the San Juan showing a
flow of more than 900,000,000 cubic feet
per day. Over and above these ad
vantages there is another of great im
portance. The lake divides the canal
into two distinct sections, and conse
quently eliminates any danger from a
"block," vessels being locked directly
to the lake, where they can remain
quietly at anchor in fresh watei, load
ing under tho lee of the numerous isl
ands with the products of the country,
repairing any damages with timber of
the best quality, or provisioning for
the coming ocean voyage. The lake
is then the groat port, and in consid
ering the question of harbors at either
terminus it will be well to remember
that they can be limited in size to the
accommodation of the few ships
which may daily arrive. This is
especially true for the Pacific divi
sion, for if the weather prove incre
ment the outgoing vessels can remain
in the lake, and. be locked down the
four miles whenever desirable. There
may be times when tha ingenuity of
man should take up the fight even
against nature and conquer obstacles
almost superhuman. No such strug
gle is demanded at Nicaragua. Provi
dence gives us the inland sea with all
its advantages; it Is for us to develop
them. The outlet of the lake to the
eastward is the San Juan. Sixty-four
miles from the lake the river passps
between two sharply defined hills.
From this point we have the choice of
two routes to the Caribbean sea, one
the low level, the other the high. If
wo choose the former, the line will
closely follow the river San Juan and
avoid certain deep cuts.- The latter is
a bolder scheme, but entirely within
the scope of engineering possibilities.
Estimates on both have been made. A
dam built at Ochoa would throw the
river to the lake level. It was feared
that the raised waters of the San Juan
would overflow by some lateral chan
nel near the dam before they reached
its crest, and investigation to deter
mine this matter discovered a small
creek on the left bank wandering off
into the thick forest Up that creek
was found a break in the hills, some
two miles above tho dam, and beyond
it an extending valley stretching like
a huge Y, the left or westerly arm of
the Y resting in the hills near the
Ochoa creek, Its right or easterly arm
stretching toward the Atlantic. Down
the western arm of the Y flows the
river San Francisco, almost parallel
with tho San Juan, but soparated from
it by a rango of hills, while through
tho eastern arm percolates another
small stream, tho two uniting at a
point nino miles from Ochoa, whore
it Is perfectly practicable to build an
ombankmont. Thus the whole valley
of the San Francisco is mado a sub
merged basin, the San Juan .waters
being backed around through it and
tho summit level being made 152 miles
long instead of 130. Solid walls of
rock inclose this basin to tho north
ward and eastward. Through the
sasterly hills is the gre"at divide, or
Deseado cut, over 100 foot high, for
nearly three miles in length. Through
this it Is proposed to cut, ending tho
summit level with three locus cut in
rock near its eastern end, which will
bring the navigation to tho ocean level
within nine miles of tho Caribbean
sea. The remaining work Is simple
dredging through a swamp and out to
tho deep water of tho coast, tho re
storation of Groytown harbor having
been proved a simple problem, buch
is tho routo decided upon alter years
of research, each year bettering the
line physically and financially, until it
Is positively known that it ought not
to cost more than .$100,000,000. Amer
ican Syren and Shipping.
5,000 Rifles
FREE
TO BOYS
sv
NO
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Plain Facts as to the Trusts and tho
Tariff, with chapters on the railroad
problem and Municipal Monopolies, Tjy
George L.' Bolen; The Macmillan Co.,
New York.
Labor Strikes and Their Effects on
Society: a common sense discussion
of the rights and relations of labor
and capital, (pamphlet), by Chas, H.
Bliss, editor and publisher, Pensa
cola, Fla.; price, 25 cents.
Some Saints and Some Sinners in
th Holy Land, by Waiter Williams;
press of E. W. Stephens, Columbia,
Mo.
Tho Origin of the Family, by Fred
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Ktrr & Co., 5G Fifth ave., Chicago, 111.;
price, 50 cent3.
Tho Alqptts in Harvard, by Annie M.
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Tho Pending Conflict, (pamphlet;:
a protest against greed, inhumanity,
tyranny and war, by Leonard Brown;
Journal Co., printers, 513 Mulberry st,
Des Moines, la.; price, 50 cents
In Happy Far-Away Land, by lluth
Kimball Gardiner, a book of fairy tales
for children; price, $1.50; Zimmer
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Child Cultureaccording to tho laws
of physiological, psychological and
mental suggestion, by. Newton N, Rld
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Eggleston ave.
Letters from a Self-Madc Merchant
to His Son, a masterpiece of American
humor and sound sense, by George
Horace Lorimer; Small, Maynard &
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Moral and Spiritual Aspects of Bap
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The Negro In Africa and Am'
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The Money Power Family, by Dr.
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These Aro My Jewels, by Stanley
Waterloo; Coolidge & Waterloo, 87
and 89 Washington St., Chicago.
A New Gospel of Labor, by O. F.
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Downs blk., P. O. box 438, Seattle,
Wash.; price, 50 cents.
The Lever That Moves the World
Hypnotism, by Cassies E. Belcher,
Clearfield, Pa.
easy
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BE SURE AMD WRITE AT ONCE
beforo tbo G.000 rifles aro all (rone.
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a uuress,
PEOPLES POPULAR MONTHLY!
185 MHHlinttfin IIhIIcUbc,
IE8 MOINES, XA.
steel,
'ATEKINS'
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TTimi ANNUAL ILLUtiTUATKD QKVklAQ TclU
tou all about nvcrr seed and crop tbat grows, FKEK
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RATEKINS' SEED HOUSE, Shenandoah, Iowa.
cnd ran rnec list or
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mac HINCS.
siren fw? tot MiHsr
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TREES
Fruit and Orna
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TESTED 50 YEARS.
Old Trusty Incubator.
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Graat 916 Saaclal. Find out.
Write to Johnson. Ben incubator
catalog oyer published. Sent free.
M.M.JOHNSOH.CiayCantor.Heb.
cr
M
41
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