" ''" ""- ' " TTBanflB
JANUARY 8, 190.4.
The Commoner.
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cciv.or breaks its circuit when not in
use.
The up and down motion of the
pencil sets up what mathematicians
would call the "ordinate" current, the
right and left motion actuates the
'abscissa" current
When the pencil is at the top of the
pad the ordinate current Is at Its
strongest, and when the pencil is on
the right of the pad the abscissa cur
rent is strongest. Ordinary writing is,
of course, a combination of up and
down and right and left motions.
"When the pencil is off the paper the
current is -broken, as the. lead slides
up and down a short distance, and
pressure is needed to complete the cir-
cuits.
At the receiving station a small mir
ror in a dark box is so mounted that
it can be rocked in any direction. Two
magnets are operated by the two cur
rents, and they rock this mirror to
correspond with the motion of the
pencil.
A pencil with a lens throws a beam
cf light on the mirror, and this beam
of light, as the. mirror is rocked by
the magnets, follows the exact motion
of the point of the pencil. The light
falls upon a roll of sensitized payer,
and prints upon it a fac-simile of the
written message.
When the message is written and
the pencil put upon its rest the light
of the lamp goes out and a little motor
starts up. This operates rollers that
draw the part of the paper written
upon into a developing bath and out
again into a set of drying rolls, so
that thirty-five seconds. afterward the
written message is in the hands of the
receiving person. Boston Globe;
A Remarkable Village.
Baron Kodaina, the Japanese min
ister of the interior, recently made a
visit of . inspection to a remarkable
village in the Samby district of Chi-ba-Ken.
The minister's curiosity had
been aroused by reports regarding the
communal system in the village, and
ho went there to see for himself how
the system worked.
The name of the village is Mina
inoto. It contains about 300 families,
the total number of inhabitants be
ing 1,600. It is to one man, the ex
headman, Namiki, that the credit of
having brought the community to its
present condition is almost wholly
due. Namiki resigned his post last
March after having directed the vil
lage affairs for nine years. In educa
tional matters Mhiamoto is ahead of
even the most advanced of the Japa
nese cities. Every one of the 125 boys
who have reached school age is at
tending school. Of the 102 girls 88 at
tend school, while of the li others
most are only residing temporarily in
the community. The school has a per
manent fund amounting to about 12,
000 yen, ($6,000), which yields an in
come more than sufficient to pay the
whole school expenses, although not a
cent is asked in the way of fees for
the children.
This system of financing the vil
lage education is to be extended to
other public affairs, and, beginning
"with this year, the village office has
begun the work of creating another
Permanent fund of 10,000 yen, the in
terest of which is to be used to meet
all the rates and taxes the villagers
have to pay. When this fund is com
plete the villagers will be practically
A Weak Heart
neglected means heart disease, the
fnost common cause of sudden death.
Dr. Miles' Heart Cure will strength
ES'i folate and cure weak hearts.
Wibya11 druggist on guarantee. Fre
& Mxlm MaDiQAb doV, llkUrt, Ia&
exempt from Mm nnvmnnf i.
he taxes. "-"" nuu-
mart-nhfn11 eycs thG most re
markable future of the community
is the sumptuary law, which is strictly
atalTSi h 8! garment " t0
f'f11, the giving of banquets on
enrollment or dlsbandment of
conscripts customary throughout Ja-
Sndls,couraEed No Pas aro
spared to inculcate habits of thrift
and diligence among the villagers.
I he members 0-f the community are
all zealous Buddhists. New York
JLiniGS,
Mountains for Sale.
The extinct volcano of Popocatapetl
is on the market for sale. The price
asked is $5,000,000, and it is estimated
to contain untola wealth in sulphuft
alone and a generous supply of other
valuable material. The crater Is oer
1,500 feet In diameter and about 1,300
feet deep and is one solid mass of
sulphur. The deposit has been esti
mated at over 1,000,000,000 tons The
sulphur is taken in such quantities as
to be a source of considerable Income
to the owner, but the methods fol
lowed at present are very crude, and
with modern machinery it is said that
the profit would be fabulous.
The volcano is the property of Gen
eral Gasper S Ochoa, of the engineer
ing corps of the Mexican army. Years
ago, while a student in the National
Military academy, his engineering
mind -was directed toward that now
smokeless chimney of the earth. Ho
had Te'ad how Cortez detailed a group
or his bravest soldiers to ascend the
volcano and bring sulphur up out of
the crater with which to manufacture
gunpowder, needed for the continua
tion of his war df conquest against
the Aztecs.
General Ochoa rendered such good
service for the Independence of his
country during- the French invasion
that when he asked for a concession
of the volcano the Mexican govern
ment gave it to him as a reward.
At present the sulphur is mined by
men who go down into the crater and
shovel it Into sacks which are placed
on the backs of mules and carried
down the mountain-side. It has been
figured that it would cost $800,000 to
erect a modern transportation plant
to take the sulphur out in gi'eat quan
tities. Philadelphia Hecord.
Heart Wounds not Fatal.
In wounds of the heart itself the es
cape of blood Is never in large quan
tity and the lethal consequences are
due to the fact that the escape of blood
from within its cavity (or cavities) in
to the surrounding sac of the pericar
dium mechanically Interrupts the al
ternate contraction and expansion by
wlii nii its nnmninc is maintained. Ac
cordingly, the results of wounds of
the heart are usually identical with,
those of gradual suffocation. This fact
was strikingly demonstrated in the
case of the Empress of Austria. And
the diabolic skill and precision with
which the wound was inflicted in her
case offer a diagrammatic illustration
of -a necessarily fatal wound of the
heart.
The instrument used was too large
to form a mere "needle puncture;" it
was inflicted too high in the chest to
be "non-penetrating," for it was aimed
with truly fiendish ingenuity at the
position of one of the thin-walled of
the fourth cavities of the heart, and
the directness of the penetration, com
bined with the thinness of wall of the
cavity, rendered it physically impos
sible that the wound could be "valv
ular." The Israelite warrior of old
smote the enemy when possible
"beneath the fifth rib," because the
impulse of the heart is felt : there But
he probably did not know that it is in
that precise position that wound of
the heart is least necessarily fatal.
The Italian assassin of recent date
displays incomparably greater skill
and knowledge. The sclcncu of tho
present day also proves that the his
toric account of tho death of Admiral
viiieneuvo is open to skeptical doubt.
And tho recent cases of suture of the
heart glVo Illustration that modern
surgical skill may attempt and with
success tho seemingly impossible.
American Medicine.
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IN
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"Shamolossncsa of St.
Louis' making Joseph W. Folk
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corruption in the State Governments;
the business men, captains of indus
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gains.
1904
Ida M. Tarbell will continue
her Story of Rockefeller "one
of the most remarkable and stirring that
has ever appeared in a magazine,"
says the Chicago Record-Herald.
Tho Serial Stories will be by
Frances Hodgsbn Burnett, Henry
Hariandj Irving Bachellcr, George
Barr McCutchcon, Stewart Edward
White, and Booth Tarkington.
THE GREAT STRIKES
The big labor conflicts of the day, the real facts
about them, their importance andsignificance,will make
the series of papers by Mr. R. S. BAKER, soon to ap
pear in McCLTJRE'Sj the most important contribution
of the times to the great problem of labor versus capital.
F? jf 7lte Nvmber and December numbers of 1903 will be given free with a sub'
A -i X- tcription for the full year of 190414 months tor $1.00. These numbers
contain the introduction and first chapter of " The Story of Rockefeller" Part Two. Address
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