P' ',' "WPI
JANUARY 1. 1904.
The Commoner.
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Patent Secured sssts
I Ulblll UbUUlWJty send for guidebook
and what to Invent. Finest publications issued for
froe.tllstrlbutlon. Patents scoured by us advertised
free In Patent Kccord RAMPLE COPY FltCE.
Evans, W likens Co., Dopt. F, Washington, D, 0.
Trust Domination in tho States.
Tfie domination of tho organizers of
trusts has long exercised a most bane
ful effect on Wall street as well as on
the great industries of the United
Slates. . After having suffered from
the financial schemes and accompany
ing stock exchange manipulations of
the big capitalists, it is now the turn
of the railways to come under the
harrow in another fashion, and the
latest development of truxt effrontery
illustrates in. a marked , degree the
lengths to which the "organizers of
prosperity" are prepared to carry
their pretensions. The contention has
been put forward that, as the iron and
steel industries of the country are In
a depressed condition, the railways
are likely to suffer in consequence. In
tho first place, there will be less raw
material -for them to transport to the
works; in the second, there will be a
decrease in tho quantity of finished
products to bo conveyed to the con
sumer. The soundness of this conten
tion Is incontrovertible, but the de--mand
based upon it is, or would be
regarded In any other country than
the United, SUteg. as, of a startling
character,, being nothing less than
that the railways should reduce their
8 uy ou per cent on iron and steel
products carried to the seaboard lor
export, and sold to the foreigner at
very much lower prices than identi
cal products arc sold to the home con
sumer. A petition to this effect pre
sented at a joint meeting of tho man
agers of the Trunk Lino and Central
1 raffle railroads set out tho demand
In the most unblushing terms.
"You aro doubtless aware of tho
fact,' said this document, "that the
iron and steol business of the entire
country is in a depressed condition,
which has resulted in a large decrease
In demand and a consequent closing
uuwu oi a numuer of furnaces and
mills. . . . We ar.e hopeful of a better
condition prevailing in domestic mar
kets, and meantime we aro looking
beyond the limits of this country to
secure a market for some proportion
of our product; but we are met with
competition from Great Britain and
Germany, whose prices are based, upon
labor costs much below those prevail
ing in this country, and it will bo
necessary for us to make our prices
approximately on a basis of our net
costs, or a trifle below, and, in some
instances, below net costs. There aro
many advantages to the transporta
tion lines growing out of the operation
of our plants, and wo feel that it is
but fair and right that the railroads
should join with us in an effort to se
cure foreign business by a sweeping
reduction in the transportation cost
from our mills to the seaboard."
The traffic manager of the steel
trust was present to point out how
"fair and right" was the proposition
put forward, and the meeting prompt
ly decided on a reduction of 33 1-3 per
cent on a special list of manufactuied
products, while the question of action
In regard to other items was referred
to the Trunk Line iron and steel com
mittee, which will shortly meet.
There is no suggestion on the part
of the truBt financiers that the waning
domestic trade should be stimulated
by a reduction of the excessive prices
charged to the home consumer; on tho
contrary, while the steel trust is sell
ing rails to Japan at $20 a ton, it Is
relentlessly charging $28 a ton to its
customers in the United States. It is
the decline in the home trade, It must
be remembered, that is causing the
curtailment of production, but instead
of adopting the policy of reducing the
high prices which are helping to kill
that trade, the steel magnates are
compelling the railways to join In
an effort to sell their products abroad
at absurdly low prices.
In joining In a conspiracy against
the home consumer the railways are
causing grave prejudice to the trade
of the country; but they are going
beyond this and are actually assisting
in the operation of picking their own
pockets. It is notorious that a num
ber of the roads have been restricting
renewals, In view of the high price
of steel, and what they are now do
ing is to help to maintain that price
against themselves, by transporting
at cheap rates steel which is being
sold to foreign countries at prices far
below the domestic price, and is, In
fact, being so aisposed of in order that
American railways and other Ameri
can consumers may bo compelled to
pay through the nose for their re
quirements. Whatever American rail
way shareholders may think of this
arrangement, it affords to foreign
shareholders in the companies a strik
ing illustration of tho manner in
which their interests are subordinated
to those of powerful financiers, and of
the methods adopted to compel them
to contribute to the coffers of the or
ganizers of trusts. The sinister influ
ence of the trust financiers Is every
where felt in tho United States. Their
power over the New York banks en
abled them to compel those institu
tions to over-lend their resources
with results little short of disastrous.
Their attempts to dominate tho in
dustry of the country has been pro
ductive of grievous injury to the peo
ple, and the control which thoy cx
orc so over tho railway systems of tho
united States has given them tho
power to mulct tho shareholders in a
fashion that would never bo tolerated
here. Ono cannot holp wondorlng at
the lambliko submission of tho Ameri
can public undor this tyranny, and
asking whether tho trusts aro suffic
iently powerful to dominate tho leg
islature, as well as tho goueral inter
ests of tho country. Thoy aro forbid
den by law to discriminate botweon
ono set oi customers and another, but
thoy havo openly and specifically an
nounced that they do intend to exor
cise -such discrimination, and it re
mains to bo seen, whether the law is
strong enough to control tho trusts, or
whether the trusts are ablo to run
counter to tho law with ImminlLv.
Meanwhile, when Americans lift up
their voices in patriotic songs, the
idea mny possibly suggest itself to
them that, under trust domination,
their "dear land of liberty" is dear in
more senses than that alluded to by'
the poet. London Economist.
White Waxworms.
On the banks of tne river Anning in
China there grows a tree known as
tho Ligustrum Lucidum which in
the spring becomes covered with lit
tle excrescences about the size of a
pea. If wo cut one of tho bulbs we
shall find inside what at first appears
to be farina, but if wo examine the
contents carefully wo shall discover
myriads of eggs which represent tho
product of an insect known as tho
white waxworra.
Tho latter part of April the Chinese
gather these bulbs and put them into
little bags each containing about
one-half pound in weight after which
they are carried to tho town of dila
ting, where there is a regular market
for this queer product. At dilating
the bags are emptied and the contents
redistributed In little sacks made of
leaves, about twenty of these bulbs
being placed in each bag, and after
tho leaves havo been pierced with
holes they aro suspended from the
branches of a tree, which botanically
named is the Fraxinus chinensis. Of
these trees we find largo plantations
around tho town of Chiating, this tree
being the feeder of tho worms as the
Ligustrum was the producer.
, It generally requires about fifteen
days for tho larvae to complete their
transformation, after which having
become full grown Insects they aban
don their artificial homes and install
themselves upon the trees reserved
for them. The females at once begin
to lay eggs, and in order to protect
them these tiny mothers place them
under the bark Itself. The males com
plete this work of preservation by se
creting a greasy matter, whicn in
time completely covers the trunk and
branches of the trees with a brilliant,
moisture proof varnish. This varnish,
however, is tho product sought by tho
Chinese, and is the purest of white
wax.
The wax is now gathered, and In
order to do this the inhabitants of
the country carefully scrape the trunk
of the tree and cut off tho branches
and throw them into boiling water.
The wax Is thus melted, and after tho
water has been cooled, It is refound in
a thick deposit on the bottom of the
vessel in which it has been boiled.
The wax is sold for about CO cents a
pound, and is equal in quality to the
best product of our native bees.
Public Opinion.
'3
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Department C 118 80. Lcavltt St., Chicago, III.
The,addreNws of nil Fed
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ows or heirs, who filed
a Homestead, on less
than 1C0 acres be
fore June 23rd, 1874.
Will pure lias Lead
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Corsd W
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