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APRIL 3, 1963.
The Commoner.
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Great Britain's Pacific Cable.
An interesting story relating to
Great Britain's Pacific cable is told in
the Chicago Inter-Ocean:
After long discussion and many de
lays and difficulties, due in part to
the hostility which the great project
aroused, the British cable across the
Pacific is at last completed and open
lor business. The length of the ca
ble, allowing 10 per cent for slack, 19
7,986 nautical miles. It extends from
Vancouver to Fanning island, 3,561
miles; Fanning isiand to Fiji, 2,093
miles; Fiji to Norfolk island, 961
miles; Norfolk island to New Zealand,
637 miles, and Norfolk island to
Queensland, 834 miles.
This great enterprise has been
talked about ever since 1870. About
that timo Cyrus W. Field evolved a
scheme for connecting California witn
China by way of Alaska and Japan.
The British were much interested in
the project, and it was widely dis
cussed in England, with the idea of
laying a British cable across the Pa
cific. The conclusion finally reached,
however, was that Mr. Field's project
was impracticable, largely on account
of the prevalence of ice in the north
ern regions and the consequent diffi
culty of erecting and maintaining the
connecting land lines.
For some years 'nothing more was
heard of a British cable across the
Pacific. But at last the scheme of an
all-British route linking British Co
lumbia with Australasia came into
view and was examined in all its bear
ings. As soon as the enterprise began to
be very seriously considered oppo
nents of the scheme came forward and
urged all sorts of physical and me
chanical difficulties in the way of car-
MOKB THAN HALF.
Sailer from CofFa Drinking
Coffee does not set up disease with'
all people using it, on the other hand
it absolutely does ' create disease in
thousands and thousands of cases per
fectly well authenticated and traceable
directly to coffee and nothing else.
This statement may hurt the feel
ings -of some coffee drinkers, but the
facts are exactly what they are.
Make Inquiry of some of your cof
fee drinking friends and you may be
certain of one thing, one half of them,
yes more than half, suffer from somo
sort of incipient or chronic disease. If
you want to prove it's the coffee, or
would prefer to prove it is not the
coffee in these cases, take coffee away
from those persons for from ten days
to a month, don't change the food in
any other way but give them Postum
Food Coffee, and the proof of whether
coffee has been the trouble or not will
be placed before you in unmistakabla
terms.
A young lady in the St Mary's
'Academy, Winnipeg, Can., says, "One
of our teachers suffered a long white
from indigestion. She was a coffee
drinker. She became worse steadily
and finally was reduced to a point
where the stomach did not retain an
food, then electricity was tried, but
without avail. She, of course, grew
weak very fast and the doctor said
the case was practically incurable.
"About that time I was attracted to
a statement in one of the papers re
garding the poisonous effect of coffee
and the value of Postum Food Coffee.
The statement was not extravagant,
but couched in terms that won my
confidence and aroused me to the be
lief that it was true. I persuaded ou
teacher to leave off the morning cup
of coffee altogether -and use Postum
Food Coffee.
"A change took place. She began
to get better. She has now regained
her strength and is able to eat almost
every kind of food and has taken her
position as teacher again." Name
given by Postum Co., Battle Creek,
Mich.
W. - --
fe
rying it out. It was asserted, for ox
ample, that a cable to extend across
the Pacific could not possibly bo
worked; also, that it would bo impos
sible to repair the cable, because the
depths were undoubtedly very much
greater than those encountered in the
Atlantic.
John Bright, a firm friend of the
project, combated this view. He as
serted that, from all the facts known
with regard to the Pacific, the maxi
mum depth to be encountered in lay
ing the cable would probably bo found
near the Fiji islands, where it would
be necessary to submerge the cable
in from 3,300 to 3,400 fathoms.
He pointed out, on the other hana
that the Atlantic cable of 1869 ran in
to somo 3,200 fathoms, and that this
was only one example of several of
laying cables at a similar depth. His
deduction naturally was that a Pa
cific cable would eucounter difficulties,
so far as depth was concerned, only
slightly greater than in the case of
lines then in successful operation.
The difficulty of sending dispatches
over so long a cable, he declared,
might very easily be obviated by land
ing the cable at various islands on
the way across the dcean and relaying
.the messages. This is the plan that
has actually been carried out.
Mr. Bright's prediction as to tho
depths along the route has been ful
filled in a remarkable manner, though
the data on which he founded his
statement were very meager. In sur
veying the route some 1,900 soundings
over 500 fathoms in depth were made.
The greatest depth along the entiro
route is 3,200 fathoms, but the general
average is much less.
The financial aspects of the enter
prise were then discussed. , The Brit
ish government finally, in 1899, de
clined to contribute a farthing toward
laying the cable.
Mr. Chamberlain definitely an
nounced that the most the government
could do was to pay an annual subsidy
of $100,000 for a period not exceeding
twenty years He said the govern
ment was of the opinion that the cost
of the cable should" be borne by the
colon'ies interested.
It was only after public opinion in
Great Britain had exerted much pres
sure on the authorities that the gov
ernment finally decided to become re
sponsible for five-eighteenths of the
cost of the cable. The total cost has
been nearly $10,000,000, of which
Great Britain and Canada have paid
five-eighths, New Zealand one-eighth
and 'the Australian states have divid
ed the remainder among them.
The fact that Great Britain had no
round-the-world communications ex
cept through a number of foreign
countries was the great argument that
brought about the realization of the
project. There were lines of tele
graph stretching from England to In
dia and Australia by way of the
Mediterranean and the Red sea, around
Africa, and across Europe and Siberia.
But every one of these lines of com
munication would certainly be broken
at once in the event of a great Eu
ropean war.
A cable across the Pacific from
Canada to Australia would obviatf
this peril. With the completion of
this cable England has telegraphic
communications around tho world
which touch only British soil except
at the Cape Verde islands and Ma
deira, belonging to her ally, Portugal.
Thus, in the event of war, the whole
machinery of England's vast com
merce may be diverted from the Eu
ropean and Asian routes to a route
that is practically all British. The
English, therefore, believe that the
new cable will guarantee to an impor
tant extent the security of their trade.
Another advantage of the new line
will be the large reduction in the ca
ble rates to Australasia. The rates
from South Australia to British Co
lumbia by way of London have been
as high as 6 shillings 3 pence a word;
and if the message was sent from New
Zealand tho rate was increased by the
DE LAVAL
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BECAUSE. The De Laval makers have ever been
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BECAUSE. The one purpose of the De Laval
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A' De Laval catalogue explaining in detail the facts
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De Laval Separator Co.
RANDOLPH & CANALST3.,
CHICAGO.
1213 FILBERT ST.,
PHILADELPHIA.
217-221 DRUMM ST.,
SAN FRANCISCO.
General Offices:
74 Cortlandt Street,
NEW YORK.
121 Youville Square,
MONTREAL.
75 &, 77 York Street,
TORONTO.
248 Mcdermott Ave.,
WINNIPEG.
local charge to as high as 7 shillings 5
pence a word, which was almost pro
hibitory as far as ordinary business is
concerned.
It is said that the rate between
British Columbia and Australia will
now be reduced to 2 shillings, or 50
cents a word. The importance of this
reduction to the business correspon
dence between these two great mem
bers of the British empire is very evi
dent It is estimated that about 2,000,000
words may be transmitted over the
I-new cable in a year. ,
"Don't give up' said the kind- .
hearted millionaire to the man who
had lost everything and couldn't find
a job. "I am so busy giving away,"
libraries that I have no time to con
sider your case, but be brave. To
morrow happiness may come to you.
We never know about these things. -Often
when we think all is lost vie- .
tory has her hand raised ready to
knock at "
"Ah, yes," the sad one said as hej
passed along. "It may be as you say. C
Everybody else has knocked. It's up
to victory." Chicago Record-Herald, y
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