The Commoner.
May 16, 190a
11
cape tho responsibility if you would,
but you can make partial atonement
if you will."
.Mr. Hoar (Mass.), who introduced
the resolution providing for the In
vestigation which the Philippine com
mittee is now making, defended the
committee in the conduct of its In
vestigation. Ho said that a vast
.amount of valuable information al
ready had been furnished by the com
mittee and ho doubted not that otner
information still would be furnished."
He urged that in fairness and justice
some Filipinos ought to be calied to
give their testimony before the com-
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mittco in defense of the charges which
had heen made against them. He was
assured that tho investigation was in
the hands of honorable and humane
American senators, who wore just and
wise, and he hoped that before the
conclusion of tho investigation they
would give a hearing to tho Filipinos'
side of tho controversy.
ORDERS IN THE PHILIPPINES. .
Secretary of War Root has- sub
mitted to tho senate an answer to the
resolution calling for copies of tno
orders issued by General Bell relative.
to reconcentr.ationn and orders lssueu
by General Smith. The secretary sub
mits two orders by General Bell, dated
December 8 and last. In.the first Gea
eral Bell refers to tho treachery of the
natives, to their use of .infernal ma
chines and to the constant violation
of all the rules of civilized warrare.
Therefore he declares that he Is re
luctantly obliged to avxiil himself of
the right of retaliation under tho reg
ulations and to deal severely with
persons who commit the acts de
nounced in general order 100. He
says:
"Against but one of these flagrant
violations of the. laws of warfare,
namely, murder, has tho United States
government ever adjudged or executed
the severe penalties authorized by tho
sections of the laws above cited, In
the yain hppe that by this exercise. of
forbearance and generosity the people
might be conciliated and become re-,
conciled and convinced of the benev
olent purposes of the government,
"Instead of having. the desired ef
fect, however, this policy in the pro
vinces of Batangas and Laguna has
apparently failed to apeal to even the
keenest and most appreciative intel
lects. On the contrary, it has been
interpreted by many as an evidence of
-weakness and fear, and worked upon
a childish and ignorant con.c.eit pf
what they are pleased to consider suci
cessful resistance of our power, the
people have become so arrogant that
they look down upon our government
and scorn its kindliest efforts at pa
cification. We consequently find our
selves operating in a thoroughly occu
pied terrane against the entire popula
tion united and in a hopeless struggle,
using, conniving at or tolerating bar-'
barous methods which almost reach
the limit in outraging tho laws and
usages of legitimate warfare.
"The reckless expedients adopted by
the enemy, especially the policy of In
timidation and assassination, leaves
to the brigade1' commander no other
means of protecting either the lives
of his subordinates or those of peace
ful or friendly citizens, or tho inter
ests of his government against the
repetition of barbarous outrage ex
cept tho enforcement of the penalties
authorized by the above cited laws of
war. . . .
"The brigade commander, therefore,
announces for the information of all
concerned that wherever prisoners or
unarmed or defenseless Americans or
natives friendly to the United States
government are murdered or assassi
nated for political reasons and this
fact can be established, it is his pur
pose to execute a prisoner of war un
der the authority contained in sections
59 and 148. This prisoner of war will
be selected by lot from among the offi
cers oc prominent citizens held as
prisoners of war, and will be chosen,
when practicable, from those who be
long to the town in which .the murder
or assassination occurred."
The secretary explains that the order
referred to was approved by Abraham
Lincoln, and that the orders, men
tioned in the resolution and Bell's or
der of December 13 were in strict con
formity with the letter and spirit of
this famous order, which, he says,
"was a contribution to civilization of
great and recognized value."
Another order transmitted is one by
Major General Lloyd Wheaton, dated
Manila, May 24, 1901, on the condition
of the "natives collected in tho concen
tration camps, from which It appears
that they were well fed, healthful and
contented. General Wheaton expresses
tho belief that tho camps can uo
broken up within sixty days.
An important indorsement on this
report is by General Chaffco, in which
he say a:
"It is useless for mo to make an at
tempt to show the necessity for thr
course adopted in tho Third and Sixth
brigades to put an ond to tho condi"
Hon of insurrection existing there in
such a way that all porsons will agree
that tho right action has been taken.
It is- right, of course, for me to do
this. I will state, however, that per
sonal contact with the people, a knowl
edge of their methods srad sentiments,
a personal acquaintance with tho ter
rane and what may bo done by an
enemy. as by troops, are all essential
to determine what should be done, be
fore condemning what has been done.
It is also necessary that some otner
method be suggested and positive prooi
submitted that had it beon followed
more success, correspondingly, would
have followed its adoption than has
been secured by the present course.
"I do not understand that the au
thority of the United States in theso
islands can be indefinitely disputed
by armed forces without efforts to
terminate the resistance to that au
thority. On the other hand, I under
stand that all means which are justi
fied by tho laws of war are to be ap
plied in such form as will meet and
defeat tho method of warfare adopted
,bythe enemy.- If desperate in the last
case',, more' desperate must be the ai-.
tack to end it.
, "Every care has been taken that
people required to remain under mili
tary surveillance shall not unduly suf
fer for food, shelter or medical atten
tion if needed."
Secretary Root says there is no rea
son to doubt that the policy embodied
in the above orders was at once the
most effective and- humane which
could possibly be followed and de
claring that so, Indeed, has it proved;
hd submits copies of the telegram an
nouncing tho surrender of Malvar and
the termination of organized resistance
in the northern Philippines.
The secretary denies knowledge ol
any orders issued by General Smith
to Majdr Waller such as those referred
to in the court-martial, and he en
closes hig orders for General Smith's
trial, based upon newspaper publica
tions, as confirmed by General Chaffee.
He declares that all of General
Smith's written orders relative to
Samar already have been printed by
the senate and that all are in strict
conformity with general order 100. in
conclusion the secretary submits dis
patches from General Chaffee of lote
date reporting extensive surrenders
of the insurgents and the reopening of
the ports of trade as proof of the suc
cess of" the policy embodied in the
written order.
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CEAM SEPARATOR
GARDENER'S SPECIFICATIONS.
A special dispatch from Washington
to the Chicago Chronicle, under date
of May 6, says:
Charges of most flagrant violations
of. tho laws of war by the American
array operating In the Philippines were
made public this afternoon after the
war department presided over by 'Sec
retary Root had succeeded in keeping
them suppressed, for two days. These
were the charges made in detail by
Major Cornelius Gardener, American
governor of tho province of Tayabas,
Island of Luzon.
But these charges, although they ac
cuse American . troops of torturing
Filipinos, of burning their villages
and seizing and rooting their houses,
of assaulting' native women and keep
ing native men in jail for days without
either food or drink, were not tne
only specters that rose to harass those
whp contend that the 'administration
of American power in the Philippines
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