rG&KZSiZ &ITJUYT
EMOUIAL day, as it is
now observed in most of
the states of ttie Union,
is a day of thankfulness,
patriotic thankfulness for
the preservation of the
Union. A majority of
people who will take part in the strew
ing of flowers on soldiers’ graves are
not veterans who fought in the Civil
war. To those who are old enough to
remember the war, its memories have
softened and grown calm, its material
evidences have about all faded from
sight To those who are not old enough
to remember the war, its events are
only matters of history. But to the
■old soldier Memorial day is a day of
reflection and meditation. He will be
thinking of events of those "stirring
times” as living realities. Some thir
tieth of May in the Civil war, in all
probability, was to him an eventful
day. Possibly he may remember some
event that took place on each thirtieth
of May in the war. Go back with him
in his reflection as he fancies himself
hack in those old days, and begin with
the first thirtieth of May in the Civil
war. It was 54 years ago.
*»*»**«
* ‘-e iniruem or .\tay in 1S61 was a N
-ort of calm before the storm. No great |
battle had as yet been fought. Just ^
t' days had passed since the firing
upon the Stars and Stripes at Fort photo
Sumter. The battle of Bull Run did s*ank
not take place until 52 days later. Peo- rouuNieit
pie this thirtieth of May must have
felt that there would be a conflict soon- but
when or where no one could foretell. It was a
-day of suspense.
Lincoln, at the time, had not served three
months as president. Between the time of his
election and his inauguration seven of the south
ern states had seceded. Soon after his inaugura
tion Virginia had seceded, and before this thir
tieth of May Arkansas and North Carolina had
followed the example of Virginia. Immediately
afrer the fall of Fort Sumter Lincoln had issued
ms call for 75.000 troops. Most of the northern
states, in loyal obedience to this call had sent
troops to Washington; but many of the states
near the border line between the North and the
South had defied the call. Some of the questions
asked by the people of the North on this dav
must have been: "Will these states, too, secede’”
fan President Lincoln hold them in the Union?”
But a question, more momentous than these
A' hich must have been asked by these people
was: "Can our troops at Washington defend the
city?" For it must be remembered that it was
only 11 days before this thirtieth of May when
northern troops li. 1 been fired upon by a mob
while they were passing through Baltimore on
their way to Washington.
Many people, at the time, interpreted this act
to mean that Maryland, too. was about to secede.
True, the Union soldiers at Washington seemed
at this time to be successfully defending the
city; a band of troops six days before this thir
tieth of May had crossed the Potomac and had
taken possession of Alexandria. This had made
the Union people hopeful, but they were by no
means confident, for, at this time, they had just
received news from abroad about the expressions
of joy which had just been made by certain Eu
ropeans who were predicting the immediate
downfall of the American republic. Then, too,
many of the news items about events of the
•war which were appearing in the daily news
papers indicated that there might be some foun
dation for the prediction of the people in Europe.
Here are some the news items that the people
of the North were reading in their home papers.
The Boston Journal for this thirtieth of May con
tained the following telegraphic dispatches:
"The report of the surrender of the United
States troops in Texas, under command of Lieu
tenant Colonel Reeve, 1 the Confederate force,
under command of Colonel Van Dorn, is fully
confirmed.”
General McDowell nas been informed that
General Lee. with 25,000 rebels, is advancing on
Alexandria."
The New York Tribune for the same date was
to its northern readers somewhat more hopeful.
Here are some of its headlines:
Frank Blair Ordered to Fortress Monroe."
“Harpers Ferry Threatened. The Rebels Like
ly to Be Currounded.”
"50,000 Troops to Rendezvous at Cairo.”
These news items, takm from northern news
papers. reflect the general mood and spirit of the
people in the North who were at the time read
ing the papers. Among them there was a spirit
of uncertainty and doubt. They were uncertain
as to the strength and purpose of the South.
They doubted the ability of Lincoln, who had re
cently been elected by a new and untried po
litical party. They were uncertain as to whether
he would yield to the demands of political bosses.
Lincoln was not a trained soldier. They were
uncertain as to whether he could succeed in the
management of his army.
But the people of the South, on this thirtieth
of May, were hopeful and confident Loyalty
from their point of view meant allegiance to
their states. They held that the general govern
ment had no right to interfere with their forma
tion of a new government. Their loyalty to
their cause almost amounted to enthusiasm. They
MEMORIAL m
A OAY or
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fiad the best of reasons for being hopeful and
confident. Their president was a trained soldier.
He had stuuied at West Point, and had had ex
perience both in the army and in the war de
partment. Above all things, lie had the conh
dence of his people.
It is n- wonder that the people of the South
received the announcement of Lincoln's call for
75,000 troops with derisive laughter and cheers.
This was on the third of April. By the thirtieth
of May their loyalty to their cause had become
more enthusiastic. This was especially true of
their younger men. The military drill incident
to their preparation for war with them was a
pleasant pastime. There was no need of a call
for troops. Thousands of them were ready and
anxious to enlist. Manassas Junction, Va., had
been selected as the rallying place for the Con
federates, and volunteers were gathering there.
Such was the situation the thirtieth of May in
1861. A calm before the storm. Fifty-two days
later the battle of Bull Run!
The truthfulness of the old saying. "Coming
events cast their shadows before,” must have
been realized by the people both in the North
and in the South the thirtieth of May in 1S6!5, for
at that time there were pending two events, eith
er of which, these people must have realized,
might prove to be the turning point of the war.
One of these, they knew, would happen Boon at
Vicksburg, the other somewhere in the East, but
at what place no one could at this time foretell.
“Any news from Vicksburg?" must have been
the question which was asked hundreds of times
on this day when neighbor met neighbor. The
people of the north were hoping that their sol
diers would soon succeed in capturing this
stronghold of the Confederacy, but there wera
doubts in their minds. Grant had not as yet
gained the confidence of the Union people.
Within the three weeks immediately preceding
this thirtieth of May the Union forces had been
gaining a series of victories near Vicksburg.
Grant had defeated "Joe" Johnston at Jackson
and had placed Union troops in charge of that
city. He had defeated Pemberton both at Cham
pion’s Hill and at Big Black river. Pemberton,
now cut off from communication with Johnston,
had retired within the defenses at Vicksburg.
Eight days before this thirtieth of May Grant
had tried to take these defenses by assault, but,
being repulsed, he had taken up his position on
the heights north of the city and had begun his
siege. So, on this thirtieth of May the
inliabitants were just beginning to he
subjected to the horrible experiences
of continual bombardment and starva
tion, which lasted until the Fourth of
July, when the city surrendered. Caves
were dug in the ground for the protec
tion of the women and children, and
food became so scarce that rats were
sold in the butchers’ shops
While1 on this thirtieth of May the
people throughout the country were
watching with interest the develop
ments of the siege at Vicksburg, their
chief interest must have been centered
on the movements of the armies in
Maryland and Virginia Since the last
thirtieth of May these armies bad met
at Antietam, at Fredericksburg and at
Chancellorsville. Thousands of soldiers
from both the North and the South had
fallen in these battles. Only 25 days
had passed since the battle at Chancel
lorsville. Stonewall Jackson, the idol
of the southern soldiers who followed
him, had fallen iu this battle, but the
spirit of his name remained: his faith
ful followers were still ready to stand
"like a stone wall" against their foe. as
they had done while under his leader
ship.
The situation in the hast gave nope
and confidence to the
people in the South.
, /- ^ but discouragement to
the people of the North.
Many northern people
were demanding that,
since Hooker had
failed in the last two
battles, a new com
mander in chief be ap
pointed. McClellan was
called for, but Lincoln
appointed Meade. Since
the Confederate vic
tory at Chancellorsville
Lee's army had been
steadily growing until
it now numbered 76,
000 men — men who
were still elated over
the last two victories.
Taking advantage of
the confusion at Wash
ington occasioned by
the changing of com
manders of the Army
of the Potomac, Lee
with his entire army
slipped into the Shen
andoah valley and
marched northward
with the intention of
invading Maryland and
Pennsylvania. Meade
With 88,000 men fol
lowed him. Would they
meet? If so. where?
The people both in the
North amt in the South, on ms imrueia
May, not knowing what would happen nex .
waiting and watching. Gettysburg tat
become a realization.
Twenty years after the Civil war Grant while
on his dying bed said: “The greatest genera
who ever lived was Robert E. Lee. It did not
take Grant twenty years to realize the greatness
of Lee; he had been brought to a full realization
of this fact early in May, 1864. when their armies
met in the Wilderness.
On the thirtieth of May, in 1S64, the attention
of the people both in the North and the South
was centered on this one man. Note the situa
tion. or rather the events of the preceding year
which had led tip to this situation. On the thir
tieth of May, 1863, the Army of Northern Vir
ginia. under command of Lee. was on its march
to invade Pennsylvania. A few days later the
Union soldiers gained two of the most important
victories of the war, one at Vicksburg, one at
Gettysburg.
On this thirtieth of May we find Lee still keep
ing guard of Richmond. Grant, who soon after
his victory at Vicksburg had been called to
Washington, had been appointed lieutenant gen
eral of the Union army. “On to Richmond!” had
at once become the war cry of ills soldiers. With
in the month of May Grant's army had been re
pulsed three times by the Army of Northern Vir
ginia—at the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North
Anna. Four days later. Cold Harbor! The same
result. Lee still keeping guard. The word re
ceived at Washington was "Victory.” But victory
at such a cost! Thousands of the Union’s best
soldiers lost!
Such was the situation on this day in 1861.
No other thirtieth of May had been as serious as
this one. At the “White House of the Confed
eracy,” Richmond, there was a feeling of tem
porary security. In Washington there was dis
couragement.
On the thirtieth of May, in 1S65, the war for
Union had ended. The day before President
Johnson had issued his proclamation of amnesty,
in which he pardoned all who had taken part in
the rebellion on condition that they would sub
scribe to an oath of allegiance to the United
States, and accept the results of the war, includ
ing the emancipation of the slaves. The signing
of this oath by Confederate soldiers on this day
was the first formal step in the reuniting of the
states of the Union.
BIRDS WARN OF AIR CRAFT
Screeching of Parrots Lets Paris Know
When Hostile Fliers Approach
the City.
If parrots could state the nationality
of any aeroplane they hear there would
be no need for men to be continually
on the outlook for hostile aircraft. The
parrots would give warning quick
enough
The French authorities have had a
number of parrots kept in the outposts
of Paris, as well as on the summit of
Eiffel tower. The birds have shown a
remarkable power of heralding the ap
proach of an aeroplane when the latter
has been quite invisible to trained ob
servers stationed near.
Warning is given by the birds in a
peculiar way. Their feathers literally
bristle with excitement, and they yell
and screech until they are pacified.
The extraordinary thing about this
power of the parrot is that it has noth
ing whatever to do with eyesight, many
of the parrots having given warning
when perched away from the windows.
This peculiar power of parrots was
discovered quite accidentally by the
excitement they showed whenever
the Paris air patrol was flying, or a
raid was made by the German air
craft.—Pearson's.
, War Name Explained.
Chanak-Kalesi, the straggling towm
near the “narrows" of the Darda
nelles, which figures frequently in the
latest operations, means “earthen
ware castle" in Turkish, and is so
called from a celebrated pottery on
the Asiatic side of the strait. An
agent from this pottery used to be
always on the lookout for a wander
ing European, and hooked onto every
passing ship. His boatload of gaudy
crockery was generally more remark
able for gilding and tawdry color than
for taste. But the forms of the ves
sels were often graceful, even classi
cal; and specimens of the tall water
jugs Jie sells, or once sold, can be
seen throughout the Levant, though
seldom in London.—London Chronicle.
In TncJrpjflm
i— STRONG MAN OF GREECE
Greece's advance toward a real
ization of her national aspirations re
ceived a momentary check in the re
tirement of the powerful Premier
Venizelos, whose program of entering
the war on the side of the allies was
frowned upon by that other hero of
present-day Greece, King Constan
tine. Fewr believe, however, that the
differences between the two men who
are to the new Greece what King Vic
tor Emmanuel II and Cavour were to
Italy, will be of very long standing.
The world recognizes in Venizelos
the strong man of Greece who in in
credibly few years has accomplished
so much In rehabilitating the prestige
of his country.
By means of his new constitution,
adopted after the revolution at Athens
in 1910, Venizelos was able to effect the
far-reaching reforms in putting down
political corruption, and creating terri
torially a new Greece. He brought
Crete. Macedonia, Epiros, and the
islands under the Greek flag, and besides almost doubling the size or ms
country he reorganized the political, naval, and military administration from
its foundations.
To the fact that Venizelos is a Cretan is due in part the zeal with which
he lias labored for the reunion of the Greek peoples scattered through the
Levant, and particularly those under the dominion of Turkey. He was born
in a village of Crete in 1SG4 of a family of very moderate means, but long
traditions, lie saw his own house burned to the ground by the Turks, and
the vigorous youth, of whom it is recorded that he was a troublesome pupil
in frequent conflict with his fellows, had much occasion later to strengthen
his determination that Crete was to be free.
~ TIRP1TZ THE ETERNAL
When historians come to analyze
the great European war and begin \o
find out its real causes, say in about
fifty years from now. it would not sur
prise some of the closest students of
these remarkable times if they were
to discover and put down as one cf
the greatest causes Alfred von Tirpitz,
admiral of the German navy, the crea
tor of the German navy, and one of
the creators of the German foreign
and domestic policy.
"Tirpitz the Eternal" is his name
in Germany. It is “Tirpitz the
Eternal" because while the kaiser has
appointed and discharged chancellor
after chancellor, and army and navy
officer after army and navy officer.
Von Tirpitz has gone on forever.
For seventeen years he has been
at the head of the German navy and
for seventeen years he has been un
flaggingly at work making it the ex
traordinarily efficient left arm of Ger
many that it is. His career began at
the age of sixteen. Today he is sixty-six years old, active, vigorous, de
termined as ever. To anyone who would suggest that he is approaching the
close of his active life he has only to point out what his navy and especially
his submarines have done and are doing under his command.
In appearance Admiral von Tirpitz scarcely suggests the man that hi3
policy has shown him to be. He is more than six feet in height. He is stout
and bald. His flowing whiskers parted in the middle are his most charac
teristic mark. His manner is extremely mild, though determined, and is
somewhat more academic and professional than bureaucratic.
_MICHIGAN’S PIED PIPER_
Michigan has found its Pied Piper
in the person of Representative Har
vey A. Penney of Saginaw, serving his
first term in the legislature, who
comes forward with a bill designed to
drive all the rats from the precincts
of the Wolverine state.
Representative Penney, after hav
ing made an exhaustive study of the
rat, has failed to discover just what
the rat's mission in the w-orld is, but
he has found that the rat breeds in
filth and is dangerous to the public
health, being a disease carrier just as
are the fly and the mosquito. Besides
this, Mr. Penney points to the harm
the rat does to everybody and every
thing with which he comes in contact.
The rat robs the granary as well as
the grain in the field, and starts fires
—well, everyone knows the innumer
able sins of which the rat is guilty.
Government reports show that the rat
caused $30,000,000 in damage in the
United States last year. The news
papers all over Michigan rallied to the Penney bill, all being a unit in de
claring there is not a single reason that can be advanced why the pest
should be allowed to exist, that is, all except the township clerks who will be
compelled to take the toll of the dead.
Michigan was prone to laugh when Mr. Penney first introduced his rat
bill, but the newspaper propaganda soon brought about a change in senti
ment and awakened the public to the seriousness of the rat menace.
CHICAGO’S COWBOY MAYOR
# I
It seems quite fitting that William
Hale Thompson should rule over Chi
cago, the city where the largest stock
yards in the world are located, for he
has been a cowboy and ranch owner
and has complete knowledge of the
cattle business.
His career a cowboy started
in 1884, when ho was fifteen years old.
He went to Cheyenne, Wyo., to spend
a vacation from school, and from that
time the lure of the plains called him
from Chicago every summer. He rode
the ranges of the Standard Cattle
company in Wyoming, Colorado anil
Montana.
Later he purchased a ranch of his
own in Holt county, Nebraska, and
managed it until the death of his fa
ther, in 1901, forced his return to
Chicago.
Mr. Thompson is an enthusiastic
yachtsman, and the problem of mak
ing the lake front the property of the
people and the playground of the city
will be one of tbe important matters he will be called to settle. There will be
the recreation pier, the improvement of the land along the lake front, and
the establishment of municipal bathing beaches to be considered.
The new mayor is an advocate of hard play for boys, and one of the
most vital questions of his term will be tbe establishment of more municipal
playgrounds and the problem of the wayward boys.
Only TenT
Jones says his wife is the most
thrifty woman he ever knew. “Why,
sir,” he says, “she has made ten bed
spreads during the last two years;
made them herself, sir, out of the sam
ples she collected in her shopping
tours durine that time.”
Evidence of Wisdom.
"How do we know that King Solo.
moD was the wisest of men?”
‘Because.” replied Mr. Growcher,
“he allowed his many wives to con
duct their own arguments and enter
tainments, while he went away by
himself and thought un proverbs.”
WOOL GROWING IN
(MXESS
This By-Product of the Farm Will
Make Many Western Canada
Farmers Rich.
Alberta wool growers are looking for
25 cent wool this year. That is the
assertion made by a prominent sheep
man of the Grassy Lake district. "It
is quite within the pale of possibility
that we will receive that figure from
our wool this summer,” said he, "and
I would not be surprised to see some
get more than that.
"The war has caused a great demand
to be made on the woolen mills, and
they have got to have the raw mate
rial.”
The present season has been most
propitious for the growing of wool, and
the growers expect to reap a big har
vest of a splendid quality. The winter
has been very even, and the sheep are
doing well on the ranges.
No special breed of sheep is kept
on Western Canada farms, and all
seem to do well. The advice of those
interested in the welfare of the farm
ers of Western Canada, advise all
who can at all do so to enter upon the
raising of sheep. They have proved
most profitable to those who go into
that industry on a scale commensu
rate with their means, and their farm
area.
The climate is perfectly adapted to
the raising of sheep, they are easily
kept, and as pointed out, there is good
money to be made out of them.—Ad
vertisement.
Why?
Psychological Mag—I can read
minds.
Engineer—Yuk ken? Ken yuh read
mine?
Psy.—Certainly.
Eng.—Why don't yuh hit me, then?
—Chaparral.
REAL SKIN COMFORT
Follows Uce of Cuticura Soap and
Ointment. Trial Free.
By bathing and anointing these fra
grant supercreamy emollients impart
to tender, sensitive or irritated, itch
ing skins a feeling of Intense skin
comfort difficult for one to realize who
has never used them for like purposes.
Cultivate an acquaintance with them.
Sample each free by mail with Book.
Address postcard, Cuticura, Dept. XY,
Boston. Sold everywhere.—Adv.
The Easiest Way.
The witness said his name was Pat
rick J. Doian, but It did not sound
right to Judge Wade, who quizzed
him.
"You say your name is Dolan?"
"Yes."
“What was your father's name?"
“Levinski."
“How did you get the Dolan?"
“I came across the vouter two years
ago. On the Vest seit Tolan he vants
to sell his pizness—pottles and
chunk. He has a fine sign and I buy
der sign, name and all. That's why
I'm Tolan.”
The Amputation.
Representative Anthony, advocating
Increased armaments at a luncheon in
Washington, said:
“I firmly believe that the opponents
of armaments understand present-day
conditions as little as the Hackney lad
understood war.
“In Mare street, Hackney, a lad
said:
“‘Have ye heerd about Jim? He's
been wounded by the Germans. Ain't
it terrible?’
“ ‘How’s he been wounded?’ asked a
girl.
“ ‘It seems/ said the Hackney lad.
sadly, 'that the Germans have cut off
his retreat.’ ”
A Big One.
“What did the star tell you was his
favorite role?"
"He said it was the roll he got from
his backer.”
It's a well-trained conscience that
can be made to speak only when it is
spoken to.
INSOMNIA
Leads to Madness, if Not Remedied.
"Experiments satisfied me, some a
years ago,” w’rites a Topeka woman,
“that coffee was the direct cause of the
insomnia from which,I suffered ter
ribly, as well as extreme nervousness
and acute dyspepsia.
“I had been a coffee drinker since
childhood, and did not like to think
that the beverage was doing me all
this harm. But it was, and the time
came when I had to face the fact, and
protect myself. I therefore gave up
coffee abruptly and absolutely, and
adopted Postum for my hot drink at
meals.
“I began to note improvement in
my condition very dbon after 1 took
on Postum. The change proceeded
gradually, but surely, and it was a
matter of only a few weeks before I
found myself entirely relieved—the
nervousness passed away, my diges
tive apparatus was restored to normal
efficiency, and I began to sleep rest
fully and peacefully.
"These happy conditions have con
tinued during all of the 5 years, and I
am safe in saying that I owe them
entirely to Postum, for when I began
to drink it I ceased to use medicines ”
Name given by I’ostum Co.. Battle
Creek, Mich. Read "The Road to
Wellville,” in pkgs.
Postum comes in two forms:
Postum Cereal—the original form—
must be well boiled. 15c and 25c pack
ages.
Instant Postum—a soluble pow'der—
dissolves quickly in a cup of hot wa
ter, and, with cream and sugar, makes
a delicious beverage Ir.stantly. 30c and.
50c tins.
Both kinds are equally delicious and
cost about the same per cup.
"There’s a Reason” for Postum.
—sold by Grocer*.