WHAT YEAR 1914 I
GAVE TO MANKIND
!
Chronological Record of Most;
important Events of the
Twelve Months.
EUROPEAN WAR STANDS FIRST
Mexico’s Muddled Affairs—Pope Plus
and Earl Roberts Among the Il
lustrious Dead — Disasters
and Sports—Financial and
Industrial Happenings.
COMPILED BY E. W. PICKARD.
EUROPEAN WAR
June 28.—Archduke Francis Ferdinand,
heir to the Austrian throne, and his mor
ganatic wife, the duchess of Hohenberg,
■hot and killed by a student in Sarajevo,
capita! of Bosnia, after a futile attempt
had been made to blow them up with a
bomb.
July 23.—Austria sent peremptory note
to Servia demanding punishment of all
accomplices in murder of Archduke Fran
cis Ferdinand and suppression of all so
cieties which had fomented rebellion in
Bosnia.
July 36—Troops mobilized by Austria.
Servia. Russia and Montenegro. Servians '
moved their capital to Nish.
July 28.—Austria declared war against
Servia
July 2?—Austrians Invaded Servia and
■helled Belgrade.
July 33 —Kaiser demanded Russian mob
ilization 'ease and czar refused. Martial
law proclaimed in Germany.
Stock exchanges in nearly all cities of
the world closed.
Aug. Germany declared war on Rus
sia and mobilized its army. Czar declared
martial law and France issued decree of
mobilization. Italy declared its neutral
ity.
Aug 2— German troops advanced on
France through neutral Luxembourg.
Russia began Invasion of East Prussia
and Posen.
_ Aug. ? —Germans started three armies
toward France, through Belgium, violat
ing the neutrality of that country.
French troops crossed German frontier
in Vosges mountains.
Aug 4.—Great Britain demandeg that
Germany withdraw her troops from Bel
gium. Germany and England declared
war or. each other and Germany declared
war on Belgium. France declared war on
Germany.
United States proclaimed its neutrality.
Aug. 5.—Germans repulsed at Liege by
Belgians. >
Field Marshal Earl Kitchener made
British secretary of state for war.
President Wilson offered the services of
the United States as mediator.
Aug. 6—Austria-Hungary declared war
on Russia.
British cruiser Amphlon sunk by Ger
man mine.
Aug. 7 —Germans entered Liege.
Aug ? —Twenty thousand English troops
landed on French coast. French Invaded
Alsace-Lorraine and captured Altkirch
•nd Muehlhausen.
Italy reaffirmed its neutrality.
Aug 10—France broke off diplomatic
relations with Austria-Hungary.
Aug. 11.-French driven out of Cernay
and Muelhausen.
Aug. 1?.—Germans occupied Hasselt.
Tongrcs and St. Trond. Belgium. France
and England declared war on Austria.
Aug. IB—Japan Issued ultimatum to Ger
many demanding withdrawal of German
warships from the Orient and evacuation
of Kiauchau.
Aug. 17.—Belgian seat of government
was transferred from Brussels to Ant
werp.
Beginning of five days’ battle in Lor
raine, ending in repulse of French across
frontier with heavy loss. Beginning of
five days’ battle between Servians and
Austrians on the Jadar, ending in Aus
trian rout.
Aug. 19 —Brussels occupied by the Ger
mans. the allies retiring to Antwerp.
Servians defeated 80.900 Austrians at
Ehabats. forty miles west of Belgrade.
Aug. 20.—French recaptured Muelhausen,
Alsace, but were driven back in Lorraine.
Aue. 21.—Germans began bombardment
of Namur forts and levied war tax of
$40,000,000 cn Brussels and $10,000,000 on
Liege.
Aug. 22.—Germans occupied Ghent and
Bruges.
Aug 23— Japan declared war on Ger
jrany.
* * v Lur.eville, France, occupied by the Ger
mans.
Russians drove back the Germans Irom
the eastern frontier.
Aug. 24.—The allied armies alone: the
line from Mons to the Moselle defeated
and driven back by the Germans.
Germans captured Namur, drove the
French out of Alsace and advanced from
Lorraine into France.
Japanese warships began bombardment
cf Tsing Tao, fortified seaport of Kiau
chau.
Aug. 3.—Austria declared war on Ja
pan.
Germans levied a war tax of 190.000,000
on the Belgian province of Brabant.
Aug 25.—French cabinet resigned and
new cabinet formed, by Premier Vivtani.
Russians took Marienburg. German is
land of Tap near Guam seized by Japa
nese. Austrian defeated Russians on Gali
cian frontier. Louvain sacked and burned
by Germans.
Aug. 2V.—British cruiser Highflyer de
stroyed Orman armed-merchant cruiser
Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse off west coast
oi Africa.
Aug 29.—British fleet sunk five German
warships off Helgoland.
Allies checked the march of Germans to
Paris and terrific battle was begun at
Arms and one near Nancy.
Austria declared war on Belgium.
Aug. 29—British forces from New Zea
land seized Apia, chief town of German
Sa rnoa.
Russians defeated near Tannenberg.
Aug. S'—Germans occupied Amiens.
Sept. 2.—Seat of French government
to Bordeaux.
Russians captured Lemberg, Austria,
er seven days’ battle.
Sept. 5.— Germans captured Reims.
Sept, 0 —British cruiser Pathfinder sunk
P rpc do In North sea.
Sept. 7.—Allies victorious in a battle
the line from Nanteull to Verdun,
imperial guard under the German
prince being nearly annihilated by
British.
Dinant and captured
*■—Allies pushed back the entire
of invading Germans.
S—British forced Germans to re
akng the river Marne.
’1.—Russians drove the Germans
several fortified positions In Russian
but repulsed with heavy losses In
Prussia.
12.—British warships from Aus
tcok Herbertshoehe, seat of govern
ULD BE NO COMPARISON
Gentleman Evidently No Sport, or
He Would Not Have Raised
Such a Question.
a.: v dozen men in the
ng 4 boot & football game, when
old man who had never been a
sport butted in with:
'ootball? Oh, yes. Say, do you
know how njany men were
at the battle of Gettysburg?”
o.” replied one.
ment of the German Bismarck archipelago
and the Solomon Islands.
French troops reoccupicd Luneville and
Soissons.
Sept. 13— Lille evacuated by Germans
and occupied by allies.
Steamer Red Cross with American Red
Cross nurses and surgeons sailed from
New York.
Sept. 14. — Retreating German army
halted in strongly intrenched position
along the Aisne river. Amiens reoccupied
by the French.
Sept. 22.—Three British cruisers were
torpedoed and sunk by German submarine
in the North sea.
Sept 26.—British troops from India
landed at Marseilles.
Sept. 2!*.—Germans began attack on de
fenses of Antwerp.
Oct. 2.—Germans defeated at Augustowo
and forced out of Russia.
Oct. 5.—Belgian government moved to
Ostend.
Oct. !*.—Germans entered Antwerp.
Russian army occupied I.yck. East Prus
sia.
Oct. 10.—German army of 20.000 was re
pulsed at Quatrecht, east of Ghent.
Oct. 11—Germany imposed war fine of
$100,000,000 on Antwerp.
Russian cruiser Pallada sunk by German
submarines.
Oct. 12—Ghent occupied by the Ger
mans.
Oct. 13.—Belgian government moved to
Havre. France.
Colonel Marita and his troops in the
northwest of Cape province. South Africa,
rebelled. Martial law proclaimed through
out Union of South Africa.
Oct. 15.—Germans occupied Ostend and
Bruges.
Oct. 16.—British cruiser Hawke sunk in
the North sea by German submarine.
Oet. 17.—Japanese cruiser Takachiho
sunk by torpedo in Kiauehau bay.
British cruiser Undaunted and four de
stroyers sunk four German destroyers in
North sea.
Oct. 18.—Allies recaptured Armentieres.
Oet. 19.—Desperate fighting along Bel
gian coast. British warships taking part.
Oet. 28 —French retook Altkirch, Alsace,
at the point of the bayonet.
Oct. 24—Tqn days' battle before War
saw ended in German defat.
Oct. 25.—Germans crossed River Yser
and slowly pressed toward the south.
Oct. 26.—Germans bombarded Nieuport
but were checked by allies.
Maritz and his rebel force defeated by
Union of South Africa troops.
Prinzip. slayer of Archduke Francis
Ferdinand and his wife, and 23 others
found guilty of treason.
Von Falkenhayn. German minister of
war. made chief of staff to succeed Von
Moltke.
Oct. 28.—De Wet and Beyers Joined in
South Africa revolt.
British dreadnaught Audacious sunk by
mine
Russians reoccupied Uodz and Radom.
Germans retreating.
Oct. 28—Prinzip was sentenced to 30
years' imprisonment; four of his accom
plices sentenced to death and others to
various terms of imprisonment.
Botha reported the rout of the rebel
Boers.
German eruiser Emden torpedoed Rus
sian cruiser and French destroyer in Pe
nang harbor.
Oct. 29.—Turkey began war on Russia,
the cruiser Breslau bombarding Odessa.
Theodosia and other places on the Black
sea.
Nov. 1 —British cruiser Hermes sunk by
German submarine in Dover straits.
Five German warships engaged four
British warships ofT the coast of Chile
and sank two and disabled a third; the
fourth escaped.
Nov. 3.—British and French fleet bom
barded the Dardanelles forts, and British
vessels destroyed the barracks of Akabah,
Arabia.
Germans abandoned left bank of the
Yser below- DIxmude.
Nov. 5 —France, Great Britain and Rus
sia declared war on Turkey. Great Brit
ain annexed Cyprus.
Nov. 6.—The sheik-ul-Islam ordered a
holy war agaipst Russia, France and Eng
land.
Nov. ".—German fortress of Tsing Tao,
China, stormed by Japanese and British
and captured.
Nov. 9.—Belgian troops penetrated to
Ostend.
Ypres set fire by German shells and de
stroved.
German cruiser Emden driven ashore
on Cocos islands and destroyed by Aus
tralian cruiser Sydney.
Nov. 10.—Russian fleet in Black sea sank
four Turkish transports.
Nov. 11.—British gunboat Niger sunk by
a torpedo 'off Deal.
Russians occupied Johannisburg. East
Prussia.
Germans captured Dixmude.
Nov. 15.—Germans forced from all posi
tions on left bank of the Yser.
British destroyed Turkish fort at en
trance to Red .sea.
Nov. 16.—Floods *n West Flanders cut
off a large number of Germans.
Pope issued encyclical urging cessation
o? warfare.
Nov. IS.—Russians checked by Germans
at Soldau after four days of bloody fight
ing.
Nov. 21.—Ypres bombarded by Germans,
town hall and market place being de
stroyed.
Nov. 23— Russians won gTeat victory
over Germans who were advancing on
Warsaw.
Nov. 24.—Germans opened a terrific at
tack on the allies from Ypres to La
Bassee.
Naval base of Germans at Zeebrugge de
molished by shells from British fleet.
Nov. 26.—British battleship Bulwark de
stroyed by explosion off Sheerness.
Nov. 27.—Germans renewed fierce bom
bardment of Reims.
Two British ships sunk ofT Havre by
German submarines, and one off Grimsby
by a mine.
Dec. 1—Germans cut their way out of
the Russian trap in Poland but with great
losses.
General De Wet, Boer rebel leader, cap
tured.
Dec. 2.—Germans in Poland resumed the
offensive.
Belgrade, capital of Servla, occupied by
the Austrians.
Dec. 6.—Germans occupied Lodz. Rus
sian Poland, after severe bombardment.
Dec 7.—Germans defeated Russians
north and south of Lodz.
Dec. 8.—German cruisers Scharnhorst.
Gneisenau, Leipzig and Nuernberg, under
Admiral von Spee. sunk by British squad
ron under Vice-Admiral Sir Frederick
Sturdee off the Falkland islands. The
Dresden, badly damaged, escaped.
Emperor William ill in Berlin.
General Beyers, rebel Boer leader, re
ported dead.
Turkish forces at Kurna. at head of Per
sian gulf, surrendered to a British expedi
tionary force from India.
Dec. 9.—Terrific fighting around Lowicz,
Russian Poland.
Dec. 10—Allies captured Roulers and
Armentleres.
Austrians in Servla compelled to re
treat.
Dec. 11.—Russians checked three of the
five German columns advancing on
saw.
Allies repulsed violent attacks of Ger
mans near Ypres.
German submarine attack on Dover re
pulsed.
Dec. 12.—German barracks at Kiel de
stroyed by fire.
Governor Goethals asked that destroy
ers be sent to Panama canal at once to
enforce neutrality.
British submarine passed under mines
in Dardanelles and torpedoed Turkish
battleship Messudieh.
"Then I will tell you. The loss in
killed was 3,152. The wounded fig
ured up about 23,000."
"Well?”
“Well, football has been going only
about a month and would you like to
know the loss in killed and wounded?”
“Yes.”
"I think I have the figures some
where.”
"And what are they, sir?”
“Why, I think the killed number
about 4,000 to date and the wounded
some 25,000.”
/
Dec. 14.—Servians retook Belgrade after
fierce battle.
Dec. 16.—German cruisers bombarded
Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby on
the Yorkshire coast, killing about one
hundred and fifty persons and escaping.
Dec. 17.—Great Britain proclaimed a
protectorate over Egypt.
Allies with aid of warships entered Os
tend.
Russians retreated in Galicia and Po
land.
Dec. IS—General Potiorek. commander
of Austrian army, defeated in 8ervia. re
moved from command.
Allies made advances at Dixmude and
Middelkerke by desperate bayonet
charges.
British appointed Prince Hussein Kamel,
uncle of the ex-dthedjve, sultan of Egypt
Russians captured Lowlcz.
Dec. 19.—The kings of Denmark. Nor
way and Sweden agreed to act together in
war matters and to remain neutral.
Two British mine sweepers sunk by
mines.
Dec. 20.—German army In Poland reach
ed new Russian positions and battle for
Warsaw opened.
Germans evacuated Dixmude.
Dec. 21. Desperate battle in front of
Warsaw continued.
FOREIGN
Feb. 2.—City of Gonaive, Haiti, burned
during a battle between rival rebel forces.
Feb. 4.—Guillermo Blllinghurst. presi
dent of Peru, captured by revolutionists
and his deportation ordered.
Feb. 14. — Chinese government issued
proclamation decreeing the death penalty
for opium smokers.
March 16.—Wife of French Minister of
Finance Caillaux killed Gaston Calmette,
editor of Paris Figaro.
May 6.—House of Lords defeated woman
suffrage measure. 104 to 60.
May 19.—Revolt broke out in Albania,
5.000 suporters of Kssad Pasha attacking
King William’s palace at Durazzo.
May 25 —Irish home rule bill passed Its
third and final reading in the house of
commons by a majority of 77.
July 5.—Carlcte Mendoza, liberal,
elected president of Panama.
July 28.—Mme. Henrlette Caillaux
found not guilty of the murder of Gas
ton Calmette in Paris, on the ground of
temporary insanity.
Sept. 3.—Cardinal Giacomo della Chl
esa. archbishop of Bologna, elected
pope and assumed name of Benedict
XV.
Sept. 5.—William of Wied. prince of
Albania, abandoned that country to the
rebels.
Sept. 2S.—Albanian senate elected
Prince Burhan-Eddin, son of the for
mer sultan. Abdul Hamid, to be prince
of Albania.
Oct. 12.—Ferdinand, nephew of the
late king of Roumania, took the oath
as his successor.
Oct. 23.—Haitien rebels formed a
government under presidency of Gen.
Davilmar Theodore.
MEXICO
Jan. 10.—Mexican rebels under Villa cap
tured OJinaga. many of the Federal troops
and several of the generals taking refuge
on American^ide of the Rio Grande.
Feb. 3. — President Wilson lifted em
bargo on exportation of arms which was
applied to Mexico by President Taft.
Feb. 20—Mexican situation brought to
new crisis by slaying of W. S. Benton,
rich rancher and a British subject, sup
posedly by Villa
April 2.—Villa captured Torreon after
eleven days' of bloody fighting. Villa’s
loss 500 killed and 1,500 wounded and that
of the federals much greater.
April 9.—Arrest of unarmed American
bluejackets by federal authorities at Tam
pico brought demand from Admiral Mayo
that Huerta apologize and that American
flag be saluted.
April 12.—Huerta refused to render a sa
lute to the American flag In Tampico.
April 14.—President Wilson ordered At
lantic and Pacific fleets to Mexican waters
at once to enforce his demands on Huer
ta.
Federal army routed by Villa at end of
nine days’ battle at San Pedro.
April 19.—Huerta refused to agree to the
demands of the United States for an un
conditional salute of the flag, and Presi
dent Wilson drafted his message to con
gress and two proclamations declaring a
“hostile” blockade of Mexico ports and
harbor.
April 20—President Wilson personally
asked congress for support in action
against Huerta.
House adopted resolution giving presi
dent free rein, after debate in which his
policy was assailed. Senate postponed
action for a day..
April 21.—American marines captured
part of Vera Cruz after a fight in which
four Americans were killed and twenty
one wounded and about 200 Mexicans
were killed. Read Admiral Badger with
five ships arriyed at Vera Cruz.
April 22.—Senate passed resolution justi
fying the president in using the armed
forces of the nation to enforce his de
mands on Huerta.
Taking of Vera Cruz completed by ma
rines and bluejackets, supported by the
guns of the warships, twelve Americans
being killed and fifty wounded.
April 23.—President Wilson ordered the
Fifth brigade. General Funston ir- com
mand. to embark for Vera Cruz at Gal
veston.
The embargo on shipment of arms to
Mexico was restored.
April 24.—Fifth brigade sailed from Gal
veston for Vera Crus.
Congress passed the volunteer army bill.
April 25.—President Wilson accepted the
offer of Brazil, Chile and Argentina,
through their plenipotentiaries, to mediate
the Mexican trouble, stipulating that
Huerta must resign.
April 28—Fifth brigade arrived at Vera
Cruz and General Funston assumed the
supreme command there. Robert J. Kerr
of Chicago appointed civil governor of the
city. A thousand refugees landed at Gal
veston.
May 1.—Secretary Garrison ordered Gen
eral Funston to establish complete mili
tary government in Vera Cruz, displacing
the civil government.
May 10—American naval forces seized
Hobos Island as a base for operations.
May 11.—Funeral services for marines
and sailors killed at Vera Cruz held at
Brooklyn navy yard. President Wilson de
livering the address.
May 13. — Constitutionalists captured
Tampico.
May 20.—Mediators met at Niagara
Falls. Ont., and outlined program includ
ing elimination of Huerta. Carranza and
Zapata and the holding of a free election
under the auspices of a provisional gov
ernment.
June 5.—Huerta accepted the Niagara
Falls peace program.
June 23.—Zacatacas taken by Villa’s
army.
July 2.—The A. B. C. mediators left
Niagara Falls after issuing a statement
that "all that remains to be done is
to organize and establish a provisional
government for Mexico."
July 5.—Huerta received the major
ity of votes cast in the Mexican presi
dential election and Blanquet was cho
sen vice-president.
July 15.—Huerta resigned as presi
dent of Mexico and left the city. Fran
cisco Carbajal was sworn in as presi
dent.
July 20.—Huerta sailed on the Ger
man cruiser Dresden for Jamaica.
"Oh, no.”
“Yes, sir—yes, sir!” exclaimed the
excited old man. "Yes, sir, and what
are you going to do about it?”
"Nothing."
"Nothing, and the losses exceed
Gettysburg!”
"But why shouldn’t they exceed
Gettysburg, sir? Why shouldn’t they?
Why shouldn’t the loss be ten times as
great? The battle of Gettysburg was
fought for fun, sir, and football is a
serious business—a very serious busi
ness. Yes, sir. Why not, sir?”
Aug. 13.—Carbajal abandoned presi
dency of Mexico.
Aug. 20.—General Carranza entered
Mexico City and assumed the office of
provisional president.
Sept. 23.—Villa denounced govern
ment headed by Carranza and an
nounced his independence.
Oct. 15.—Convention of Mexican con
stitutionalist chiefs at Aguas Calientes
voted Itself the supreme power in Mex
ico.
Nov. 1.—Aguas Calientes conference
named E. Gutierrez president of Mexico
for 20 days.
Nov. 11.—War declared between Car
ranza and Villa factions in Mexico.
Nov. 25.—American troops under Gen
eral Funston evacuated Vera Cruz.
Nov. 29.-r-Gt>n. Pablo Gonzales pro
claimed himself provisional president
of Mexico.
Nov. 30.—Villa entered Mexico City
with 25.000 troops.
Dec. 8.—President Wilson sent troops
to protect Naco, Ariz.. on Mexican bor
der.
Dec. IS.—General Bliss told commanders
of Carranza and Villa forces at Naco,
Mex., that he would open fire on both if
any more shots came across the border.
Dec. 18.—San Luis Potosi surrendered to
Carranza forces.
Dec. 21.—Gen. Hugh Scott and General
Mavtorena. Villaista leader, conferred
near Naco rearding firing across boun
dary line.
POLITICAL
Feb. IS.—House passed Alaska railroad
bill.
Feb. 21.—Senate ratified general arbitra
tion treaties between United States and
Great Britain, Japan. Italy. Spain. Nor
way. Sweden. Portugal and Switzerland.
March 5.—President Wilson read to con
gress message urging that the clause in
the Panama canal act exempting Ameri
can coastwise vessels' from payment of
tolls be repealed.
March 10. — Senate approved Alaska
railroad bill.
March 31.—House passed bill to repeal
canal tolls exemption clause by majority
of S6.
June 6.—House passed the three Wilson
antitrust bills by huge majorities.
June 1L—Bill to repeal exemption clause
of the Panama canal tolls act passed by
senate.
July 1.—George T. Henry, Jr., of San
Francisco and Washington nominated
for ambassador to Russia.
July 6.—Ira Nelson Morris of Chi
cago appointed minister to Sweden.
Aug. 19.—President Wilson appointed
James C. McReynolds to the Supreme
court and T. W. Gregory to succeed
McReynolds as attorney-general.
Sept. 15.—Secretary of State Bryan
and the envoys of Great Britain.
France. Spain and China signed the
Bryan peace treaties.
Sept. 24.—Frederic Jesup Stimson ap
pointed ambassador to Argentine.
Sept. 29.—The house passed the riv
ers and harbors bill as reduced to $20,
000.000 by the senate.
Oct. 24.—Congress adjourned after
a session of 567 days.
Nov. 3.—In general elections Repub
lican party gained over the vote of 1912
but failed to control congress. Pro
gressive party fell to third place. Wash
ington. Colorado. Oregon and Arizona
went dry.
Dec. 7.—Sixty-third congress was
called to order for its final sessioix
DOMESTIC
Jan. 27.—President Wilson ordered per
manent government of Canal Zone Into
operation April 1 and appointed Col.
George W. Goethals the first governor.
Feb. 24.—Court of appeals reversed death
verdict in case of Charles Becker, former
police lieutenant in New York.
April L—Col. George W. Goethals as
sumed his duties as governor of Canal
Zone.
April 5.—Secretary Daniels issued order
prohibiting use of alcoholic liquors for
drinking purposes on vessels and in yards
of the navy. —
April 12.—Four gunmen electrocuted in
New York for murder of Rosenthal.
May 7.—Eleanor Randolph Wilson,
youngest daughter of the president, mar
ried to Secretary of the Treasury W. G.
McAdoo in the White House.
May 19.—Colonel Roosevelt returned
South America
May 22.—Charles Becker, former police
lieutenant, found guilty a second time of
murder in the first degree for Rosenthal
slaying in New York.
June 11.—Kermit Roosevelt and Belle
Willard married in Madrid.
July 4.—Twelve persons were killed
and more than 900 injured in Indepen
dence day celebrations.
Aug. 15.—Panama canal formally
opened to commercial traffic.
Sept 4.—David J. Palmer of Wash
ington. Ia., elected commander-in-chief
of the Grand Army of the Republic.
Sept 10.—James Gordon Bennett,
owner of New York Herald, married
Baroness George de Reuter in Paris.
Oct. 17.—Robert Taft, son of the for
mer president married Miss Martha
Bowers.
Nov. 2.—Twenty-one directors or for
mer directors of the New Haven rail
road indicted by federal Jury in New
York for criminal conspiracy to violate
the Sherman antitrust law.
Nov. 4.—Chicago stockyards ordered
closed ten days to check epidemic of
the foot-and-mouth disease in the
middle West.
Dec. 16.—ti. S. senate ratified the inter
national convention for safety at sea.
DISASTERS
Jan. 5.—Oil tank steamer Oklahoma
sank oft Sandy Hook, 25 of the crew per
ishing.
Jan 10. — Great storm on the Baltic
caused submersion of several villages and
drowning of many persons. '
Floods in Belgium did trillions of dol
lars' worth of damage.
Jan. 11.—Terrific storm hit northwest
Russia and 150 peasants lost their lives in
snow.
Many thousands of persons perished in
southern Japan when volcano of Sakura
Jlma burst into activity, following re
peated earthquake shocks. Large city of
Kagoshima partly destroyed and several
villages blotted out.
Jan. 16.—British submarine A-7 with
crew of eleven, lost during maneuvers ofT
Plymouth.
Steam whaler Karluk, flagship of Cana
dian government's arctic exploring expe
dition under Villjalmur Stefansson.
crushed In the Ice and sunk northeast of
Siberia.
Jan. 17.—Loss of the German steamer
Acilia with passengers and crew of 98 of
the coast of Terra del Fuego confirmed.
Jan. 19.—Three hundred Japanese refu
gees from the volcanic eruptions on Sa
kura buried under falling clifT and killed.
Jan. 30.—Old Dominion liner Monroe
sunk in collision with the steamer Nan
tucket off the Virginia coast and 41 per
sons drowned.
March 8.—St. Louis Athletic club de
stroyed by fire: 40 perished.
March 15.—Quake and volcano killed
many on Hondo Island. Japan.
March 16— Many perished in hurricane
and flood in Province of Stavropol, Rus
sia.
But the old man did not answer. He
gave that crowd one cold glare and
left the car.
Who’s Looney Now?
In this strange union of relations he
(Tolstoy) stands alone; from no other
great projector of the humdn image
and the human idea is so much truth
to be extracted under an equal leakage
of its value. All the proportions in
him are so much the largest that the
drop of attention to our nearer cases
might by its violence leave little of
March 19.—Fifty drowned when boats
collided near Venice.
March 31.—Sixty-four lives lost In bliz
zard that overtook Newfoundland seal
ing fleets.
April 2.—Fire in St. Augustine. Fla., de
stroyed five tourist hotels and the county
court house: loss. $300,000.
April 28— Kxplnslon in mine at Bedes.
W. Va., resulted in the entombing of 172
men and hope of their rescue was given
up. Flfty-n.ne men, severely burned,
saved.
May 4.—Fire In commercial center of
Valparaiso. Chile, burned over two and a
half acres and cost more than fifty lives.
May 29.—Canadian Pacific liner Empress
of Ireland sunk in collision with Danish
collier Storstad In St. Lawrence river:
1.024 lost, of whom 798 were passenger: 452
saved, of whom 246 were passengers. Lau
rence Irving, English actor, and his wife,
and Sir Henry Seton-Kerr, noted big
game hunter, among the drowned.
June 4.—One hundred villages In Japan
devastated by terrible storm.
June 19.—Mine explosion at Hillcrest.
Alberta: resulted in the death of about
200 miners.
June 25.—Nearly half the city of Salem.
Mass., destroyed by fire, loss being about
$10,000,000. Most of the historic buildings
were saved.
Aug. 5.—Thirtj'-eight persons killed
and 25 injured In train collision near
Joplin. Mo.
Aug. 26.—Steamer Admiral Sampson
sunk by steamer Princess Victoria 20
miles from Seattle and 11 lives lost.
Sept. IS.—Steamer Francis H. Leggett
sunk in a gs.le oft Oregon coast, 70 lives
being lost.
Oct. 3.—Earthquake destroyed Is
barta and Burdur. Asia Minor, 2,500
lives being lost.
Oct. 17.—Earthquake in Grecian prov
inces of Attica. Beotia and Peloponne
sus killed many persons and wrought
great damage.
Oct. 27.—Explosion and fire in the
Franklin company’s coal mine at Roy
alton. 111., resulted In death of 59 men.
Dec. 9.—Seven-million-dollar fire In
plant of Edison company at Vest Or
ange, N. J.
NECROLOGY
Jan. 4.—Dr S. Weir Mitchell, noted au
thor and physician, in Philadelphia.
Jan. 8.—Gen. Simon B. Buckner, veteran
of Mexican and Civil wars.
Jan. 13.—Dr. Edgar C. Spitzka, famous
alienist, in New York.
Jan. 14.—Count Yukyo Ito. fleet admiral
of the Japarese navy, in Tokio.
Jan. 19.—Gen. Marie-George Pic-quart,
defender of Dreyfus, at Amiens, France.
Jan. 20.—Lord Strathcona and Mount
Royal, high commissioner for Canada, in
London.
Jan. 21.—Edwin Ginn, Boston publisher,
leaving $1,000,000 to the “world peace foun
dation” which he established in 1909.
Jan. 28.—Shelby M. Cullom. former Uni
ted States senator from Illinois.
Feb. 5.—Congressman Robert G. Bremer
of New Jersey.
Feb. 13.—Alphonse Bertillon, creator of
the famous system of criminal identifica
tion.
Feb. 14.—Senator Augustus O. Bacon of
Georgia.
Feb. 19.—Mrs. Robert Louis Stevenson,
widow of the famous novelist.
Feb. 22.—Samuel W. Allerton, pioneer
Chicago packer.
Joseph Fels, millionaire philanthropist
and single tax advocate, of Philadelphia.
Feb. 23.—Former United States Senator
Teller of Colorado.
March 6.—George W. Vanderbilt, owner
of Biltmore.
March S.—Frederick Townsend Martin.
March 12. — George Westinghouse, fa
mous inventor.
March 27.-Dr. Josiah L. Pickard,
former president of the Iowa State uni
versity and before that superintendent of
schools of Chicago.
April L—“Rube” 'Waddell, famous ball
player.
April 4.—Frederick Weyerhaeuser. Min
nesota lumber magnate.
April 6.—Mrs. Lillian M. W. Stevens,
head of the W. C. T. U.
April 9.—Ktaruko, dowager empress of
Japan.
Ex-Governor E. S. Draper of Massachu
setts.
April 15.—George Alfred Townsend.
Journalist who won fame writing over
the name “Gath.”
April 17.—McKee Rankin, veteran actor.
April 28.—George F. Baer, president of
the Reading railway.
April 23.—S. S. Beman, famous architect.
May 2.—Duke of Argyll, son-in-law of
the late Queen Victoria.
May 3.—Gen. Daniel E. Sickles, last of
the great Civil war commanders.
May 9.—Charles W. Post, millionaire
breakfast food manufacturer of Battle
Creek, Mich., committed suicide at Santa
Barbara. Cal.
May 10.—Lillian Nordica, grand opera
star, in Batavia. Java.
May 23.—William O. Bradley. U. S. sena
tor from Kentucky.
May 26.—Jacob Riis. noted author and
sociologist.
June 3.—W. M. French, director of the
Chicago Art institute.
June 14.—Adlai E. Stevenson, former
vice-president of the United States.
June_18.—Former United States Senator
Frank M. Hiscoek of New York.
June 21.—Baroness Bertha von Suttner,
Austrian peace advocate and winner of
the Nobel prize.
July 3.—Joseph Chamberlain, veteran
British statesman.
July 12.—Horace H. Lurton. 'associ
ate Justice of the Supreme court of the
United States.
Aug. 6.—Mrs. Woodrow Wilson, wife
of the president. .
Jule3 Lemaltre, famous French litter
ateur.
Aug. 12.—Pol Plancon, famous grand
opera singer.
Aug. 19.—Pope Pius X.
Aug. 20.—Father Francis Xavier
Wernz, head of the Society of Jesus.
Aug. 23.—Darius Miller, president of
the Burlington railroad.
Sept., 8.—Sir J. Henniker Heaton, fa
ther of penny postage between Eng
land and America.
Sept. S.—Baron O'Brian, lord chief
justice of Ireland.
Sept. 16.—James E. Sullivan, secre
tary-treasurer of the Amateur Athletic
union.
Sept. 18.—Mrs. Frank Leslie.
Sept. 25.—Rear Admiral Herbert
Winslow. U. S. N.. retired.
Sir James P. Whitney, premier of On
tario.
Oct. 10.—Xing Charles of Rcrumania.
Cardinal Ferrata, papal secretary of
state.
Oct. 16.—Marquis di San Giuliano.
Italian foreign minister.
Oct. 25—Sir Charles H. Douglas,
chief of the British imperial staff.
Nov. 1.—Lieut Gen. Adna R. Chaffee
retired.
Nov. 4.—John Kean, former U. S. sen
ator from New Jersey.
F. Augustus Ileinze. copper magnate.
Nov. 14.—Field Marshal Earl Roberts.
Nov. 19.—Dr. Robert J. Burdette, hu
morist, writer and pastor
Nov. 20.—Mrs. Vinnie Ream Hoxie.
noted sculptor.
Nov. 24.—Cardinal Cavalleri. patri
arch of Venice.
Dec. 1.—Rear Admiral Alfred T. Ma
han. U. S. N.. retired.
Dec. 4.—Sig. Perugini, noted singer
and actor.
Dec. 8.—W. W. Rockhill, noted Amer
ican diplomat.
Dec. 10.—Congressman Sereno E.
Payne of New York.
that principle alive; which fact need
not disguise from us, none the less,
that aa Mr. H. G. Wells and Mr. Arn
old Bennett, to return to them briefly
again, derive, by multiplied if diluted
transmissions, from the great Russian
(from whose all but equal companion,
Turgehieff, we recognize no deriva
tives at all), so, observing the dis
tances, we may profitably detect an
unexhausted Influence in our minor,
our considerably less rounded vessels.
—From Henry James' “Notes and Nov
elists.”
•
Joseph Smith, president of the Re
organized Church of the Latter Day
Saints.
Dec. 18.—Major E. A. Bigelow. U. S. A.,
retired, in Chicago.
Dec. 20.—Eugene Zimmerman. Cincinnati
millionaire.
Gen. Thomas Sherwin at Boston.
FINANCIAL
Jan. 2.— J. P. Morgan & Co. announced
withdrawal of members of the firm from
directorates of many corporations.
_Feb. 9.—Mercantile bank of Memphis,
Tonn.. failed. President C. H. Raine ad
mitting he had used its funds in cotton
speculation.
Feb. 12.—Standard Oil company arranged
to lend China J15.000.000 in return for oil
concessions in Shan-Sl province.
March 13—United States Express com
pany went out of business.
April 1.—The great "Princes' Trust” of
Germany collapsed with loss of J3.000.000.
April 2.—Location of the twelve regional
reserve banks under the new currency taw
announced.
June 6.—Chaplin. Milne. Grenfell & Co..
London bankers, failed for J6.000.000.
June 15.—President Wilson nominated
following as members of federal reserve
board: Charles S. Hamlin of Boston,
Thomas D. Jones of Chicago, Paul War
burg of New York, W. P. G. Harding of
Birmingham, Ala,. A. C. Miller of San
Francisco.
June 23.—The H. B. Claflin company,
leading wholesale dry goods concern o?
New York, failed with liabilities of about
J44.0O0.000.
July 6.—Iowa’s blue sky law provid
ing for the regulation and supervision
of investment companies held unconsti
tutional by federal judges.
July 23.—Government began suit
for dissolution of New Haven railroad
monopoly.
July 23.—President Wilson withdrew
nomination 'of Thomas D. Jones as
member of the federal reserve board.
Aug. 4.—Frederick A. Delano selected
for federal reserve board.
Aug. 11.—Directors of the New Haven
road agreed to the attorney general's
terms for a peaceful dissolution of the
system.
Aug. 12.—Dissolution of the Interna
tional Harvester company as a monop
oly in restraint of trade ordered by the
United States district court at St.
Paul. Minn.
Sept. 4.—President Wilson presented
to congress an appeal for an emer
gency internal revenue measure to
raise J100.000.000 to make up for the
loss In customs receipts.
Sept. 25.—War tax bill passed by the
house.
Oct. 17.—Senate passed war tax bill.
Nov. 16.—United States federal re
serve banks opened.
Doc. 18.—Interstate commerce commis
sion granted in part the 5 per cent freight
rate advance asked by railroads east of
the Mississippi and north of the Ohio.
INDUSTRIAL
Jan. 5.—Ford Automobile company set
aside $10,000,000 of its profits to distribute
among its employees, mostly in the form
of increased wages.
Jan. 6.—United States circuit court of
appeals confirmed the conviction of 24
members of the International Association
of Bridge and Structural Iron Workers on
the charge of dynamite conspiracy, and
granted new trials to six others.
April 20.—Striking coal miners and mem
bers of Colorado National Guard fought
an all day battle at Ludlow, a number of
men being ki’led.
April 22.—Entire National Guard of Colo
rado called out and ordered to Trinidad
strike zone, where several more men were
killed in the continued fighting.
April 28.— Heavy fighting took place In
the Colorado mine strike war and Presi
dent Wilson ordered federal troops there
to restore order.
April 29—Colorado mine strikers at
tacked the Forbes camp of the Rocky
Mountain Fuel company, killing seven
mine guards and burning most of the
buildings. Federal troops from Fort D.
A. Russell arrived in the strike zone.
May 1.—Fourteen more troops of federal
cavalry ordered to Colorado strike zone.
May U.*-Unlted States Supreme court
set aside contempt sentences of Gompers
and other labor leaders.
May 16.—United States circuit court of
appeals remanded 24 onion labor men.
convicted of conspiracy to transport dyna
mite. to federal penitentiary within three
weeks.
June 23. — One man killed and two
wounded fighting between factions of min
ers’ union gt Butte, Mont.
Aug. 3.—Western railroad managers
agreed to mediate trouble with engine
men.
Dec. 8.—The Colorado coal strike. In
force since April. 1910, was called off
by the miners.
SPORTING
Feb. 26.—Ralph De Palma won Vander
bilt cup at Los Angeles, making average
speed of 75.3 miles an hour.
Feb. 28.—Edwin Pullen won fifth Inter
national Grand Prix automobile race at
Santa Monica, Cal.
May 23.—Lawrence Jenkins of Scotland
won British amateur golf championship.
May 28.—Francis Ouimet of Boston won
amateur golf championship of France.
May 30 — Rene Thomas, driving a Delage
car for France, won 500-mile race at In
dianapolis in 6:03:45.99, an average of
82.47 miles an hour, breaking the record of
the speedway.
June 13.—British team won first of til?
international polo matches at Meadow
brook.
June 16 —British polo team won second
match and international cup.
June 19.—Tale defeated Harvard by four
feet in annual boat race.
Harry Vardon won British open golf
championship for sixth time.
June 26.—Columbia University won inter
collegiate regatta at Poughkeepsie.
June 27.—Jack Johnson retained heavy
weight championship by defeating Frank
Moran in twenty-round fight in Paris.
July 4.—Harvard crew won the Hen
ley regatta.
July 7.—Freddie Welsh of Wales won
the lightweight championship by de
feating Willie Ritchie of America in
London.
July 16.—Georges Carpentier of
France, receiving the decision over
“Gunboat" Smith of America on a foul. 1
in London, won the white heavyweight
championship.
Aug. 1.—Charles Evans. Jr., of Chi
cago won the western amateur golf
championship.
Aug. 21.—Walter C. Hagen, profes
sional. of the Country club of Roches
ter. N. Y.. won the open golf champion
ship of the United States.
Aug. 26.—J. M. Barnes of Philadel
phia won the national tennis champion
ship.
Sept. 5.—Francis Ouimet won the
American amateur golf championship.
Sept. 19.—Mrs. H. Arnold Jackson of
Bosfrn won the national woman's goir
champ'onship.
Oct. 13.—Boston National team won
world * championship from Philadelphia
Ameilwn league team.
Nov. Si.—Harvard won eastern foot
ball championship by beating Tale, and
Illinois won the Western Conference
title when it defeated Wisconsin.
Sincere Compliment
"What a wonderful complexion that
woman has!”
“Truly wonderful,” replied Miss
Cayenne. *1 think it is the most be
coming of any I have ever seen her
wear.”
Electricity In Millinery.
Artificial flowers for millinery are
being made to inclose tiny incan
descent lamps, which can be supplied
with current from storage batteries
hidden inside their wearers’ bats.
PROCESS IN ROAD BUILDING
Various Steps in Construction of High
ways' Described—Concrete, Gravel
and Brick Mentioned.
Highway improvement, like the
growth of population, should bS pro
gressive, argues a student of the sub
ject. Each should be suited to the
requirements of its period, says Cleve
land Leader. This contemplates, first.
Sand-Clay Mixture With an Insufficient
Amount of Sand, the Grains Not Be
ing In Contact.
the proper locating, grading and drain
age of the sub-base, which are essen
tial to any good road.
This sub-base can be used as an
earth road during the years when traf
fic is light and can be kept in service
able condition by dragging after spring
and fall rains at a cost of $30 a year a
mile.
The second step is to make a gravel
road, when travel increases or funds
become available, by applying several
inches cf sharp, clean gravel after
dragging and rolling the earth road.
This can be done in most places for a
few hundred dollars a mile, and maln
tenapce will cost about one hundred
dollars a mile.
When the gravel road is outgrown,
it forms an excellent foundation for
a concrete surface. It is only neces
sary to loosen the gravel and roll it
to uniform compactness, then lay a
course of hydraulic concrete to carry
heavy traffic. The surface construc
tion costs approximately $1.50 a
square yard. Maintenance should not
average more than $50 a mile.
The final step in progressive road
building, when heavy teaming and
trucking predominate, 9s to lay a
course of vitrified brick or granite
sets grouted with cement on a sand
cushion on top of the concrete. Or,
if part of the road should become a
residence street or be set apart as
Clay Mixed With Sand to the Point of
Saturation, With the Angular Sand
Grains in Contact.
a boulevard, a quiet pavement of
wood blocks, sheet asphalt or asphalt
blocks can be laid on the concrete.
This is the most practical and eco
nomical plan, providing for varying
volumes and kinds of traffic over a
century or more of use and involving
loss of investment in pavements that
are excessively costly to maintain and
which are not essential as a founda
tion in the final type of highway.
Gravel Improves Roads.
Where gravel is abundant roads may
be greatly improved by spreading a
layer of the same on a central space
in the road. This space should be
not less than say twelve feet wide.
If the gravel is suitable, two to three
inches of it will tend to firm the road
bed. Of course the ideal way where
the materials are suitable and the
expense can be borne is to remove the
earth from this central portion and
nearly fill the depression with small
stones. Then cover with two or three
inches of earth and over this spread
the gravel. A good road is thus made
and one that lasts, but this can only
be done where such material In plenti
fuL
Keep Water From Road.
Where a road runs along a hill, the
water must be kept from running upon
the road. The side ditch must be am
ple and, If necessary, a string of tile
put three feet or more below the bot
tom of the ditch on the up-hill side,
which will prevent seepage from be
low.
Instruction for Road Boss.
Every road boss should attend road
making school and read all he can
about highway construction and main
tenance.
Keep Ditches Clean.
Keep the side ditches clean, so water
can flow away qjuickly. Standing wa
ter beside the road soon softenR the
grade.
Tile for Soft Spots.
In cuts and level stretches that are
soft put a tile drain in middle of road
three feot below the surface.
Inclosing Culvert Ends.
Inclose all culvert tile ends In ce
ment end walls to prevent their being
washed loose.