\ STORY OF FAMOUS
' CIVIL WAR FIGHT
Battle of Gettysburg Which
Brought Credit to Both
Blue and Gray.
TURNING POINT OF CONFLICT
Total Losses on Both Sides in Three
Days’ Fighting Over 50,000—Sev
eral Generals Killed and
Wounded.
By EDWARD B. CLARK.
WASHINGTON.—It is possi
ble^ some people would say
probable, that the Battle of
Gettysburg changed utterly
the course of American his
tory. It was a great fight between
armies of Americans, for probably
fully ninety per cent, of the men who
fought on the two sides were born
natives to the American soil. The
bravery shown at Gettysburg was of
the order which Americans have
shown on every field and which re
flects credit upon the hardy and
heroic ancestry of the men engaged,
no matter from what race they may
have sprung.
At Gettysburg there was nothing to
choose between the valor of the North
and the South. The South lost the
fight, but it lost it honorably and
w-ith the prestige of its soldiery un
dimmed. The charges made on that
field have gone down into history as
assaults made under conditions which
every man felt might mean death at
the end. The defenses made at Gettys
burg were of the kind which it takes
iron in the blood to make perfect. At
Gettysburg Northerners and South
erners replenished their store of re
spect for their antagonists. The bat
tle marked the high tide of the war
between the states. After it the
South largely was on the defensive.
f but its defense was maintained with
fortitude and in the face of privations
which could not chill the blood of
men fighting for what they thought
was the right.
The Northern armies were persis
tent in their attacks through the cam
paigns which after a few months were
started agtnst the objective point.
Richmond. Brave men here and brave
men there, and after the end came it
was the qualities which keep com
pany with bravery which made the
soldiers of the North and South so
ready to forget and to forgive and to
work again for the good of a com
mon country.
The great battle of Chancellorsville
was fought not long before the oppos
ing Union and Confederate forces met
on the field of Gettysburg. Chancel
lorsville was a Confederate victory.
The Southern government believed
that the victor}' should be followed up
by an invasion of the North for. ac
cording to its reasoning, if an import
ant engagement could be won upon
■Northern soil the chances of foreign
Intervention or at least foreign aid to
the Southern cause, would be forth
coming.
Lenerai Kobert E. Lee late In the
spring of 1863, made hi3 preparations
to conduct his campaign Northward
into the state of Pennsylvania. He
had under his command three corps,
General James Longstreet command
ing the First, General Richard S.
Ew-ell commanding the Second, and
General A. P. Hill commanding the
Third. In the Union army which aft
erward confronted Lee at Gettysburg,
there were seven corps, but the num
ber of men In each was much less
than that in a Confederate corps, the
military composition of each being
different. The Union corps comman
ders' who under Meade were at Get
tysburg. were Generals John F. Rey
nolds, W. S. Hancock, Daniel E.
.. Sickles, George Sykes, John Sedgwick,
O. O. Howard and H. W. Slocum.
Forces Almost Evenly Matched.
It never has been determined be
yond the point of all dispute Just how
many men were engaged on each side
in the battle of Gettysburg. It is
known that the armies were very
nearly equal in strength, the proba
bilities being that the Confederate
force was a few thousand men strong
er than the Union force, a difference
which was balanced perhaps by the
fact that the Union armies at Gettys
burg were fighting in defense ot their
land from Invasion, a condition which
military men say always adds a sub
tle something to the fighting quality
which is in any man. Some authori
ties have said that there were 100,000
met in the Confederate forces at Get
tysburg to be confronted by OQ.OOO
Union troops. Another authority says
that the Confederate force, was 84,000
and the Union force 80,000. vAs it was
the armies were pretty nearly equally
divided in strength.
In June, 1863, General Robert E
Lee began to move northward. I.ee
concentrated his army at Winchester,
Va., and then started for the Potomac
river, which he crossed to reach the
state of Maryland. He fiply expected
to be followed by General Hooker's
army and so General Stuart with a
large force of cavalry was ordered by
I.ee to keep in front of Hooker's army
and to check his pursuit cf ihe Con
federates if it was attempted.
Late in June the Confederate fores
reached Hagerstown, in the state ol
Maryland. It was General Lee's in
tention to strike Harrisburg, Pa.
which was a great railroad centei
and a city where Union armies were
recruited and from which all kinds of
supplies were sent out to the soldiers
in the field While the Southern com
mander was on his way with a large
part of his force to the Pennsylvania
capital another part of his command
was ordered to make its way into the
Susquehanna Valley through the town
of Gettysburg and then to turn in its
course after destroying railroads and
gathering in supplies, and to meet the
i Confederate commander with the main
army at Harrisburg.
It was General Jubal A. Early ot
General Lee’s command, who reached
Gettysburg after a long hard march
on June 26. From there he went to
the town of York and from thence to
Wrightsville. At this place he was
ordered by General L-ce to retrace his
steps and to bring his detachment
back to a camp near Gettysburg
When Early ahd obeyed Lee’s ordei
Maj. Gen. John F. Reynold*.
and had reached a point near Gettys
j burg he found the entire Southern
force was camped within easy strik
ing distance of the now historic town.
In the meantime things were hap
pening elsewhere. General Hooker
in command of the Union army which
had been depleted at Chancellorsville.
had succeeded In out-maneuvering
j General Stuart in command of Lee’s
| cavalry, had got around Stuart’s com
mand in a way to prevent the South
| ern general from forming a junction
with the forces of his chief comman
der. Lee gave over the proposed
movement on Harrisburg when he
i heard of Hooker’s approach and
brought the different parts of his
army together.
Four days before the Gettysburg
fight began General Hooker resigned
as commander of the Union army
Hooker and General Hallock dis
agreed upon a matter concerning
which strategists today say that Gen
eral Hooker was right. Three days
| before the battle began, that is. June
i 28, 1863, General George Gordan
Meade was named as General Hook-'
er’s successor in charge of the North
I ern array. General Meade at once
I went into the field and established
his headquarters at a point ten or
| twelve miles south of the town of
Gettysburg.
Armies Meet at Gettysburg.
It seems that General I^ee on hear
ing that Stuart had not succeeded In
Gen. Robert E. Lee.
checking the Union army's advance
had made up his mind to turn south
ward to meet the force of Hooker, or
as it turned out the force of Meade.
Lee with his force had advanced
north beyond Gettysburg, while Meade
with his force was south of the town.
The fields near the Pennsylvania vil
lage had not been picked as a place of
battle, but there It was that the two
great armies came together and for
three days struggled for the mas
tery.
On the last day of June, the day
before the real battle of Gettysburg
began. General Reynolds, a corps
commander of the Union army, went
forward to feel out the enemy. He
reached Gettysburg by nightfall. His
corps, the First, together with the
Third and the Eleventh Infantry
Corps with a division of cavalry, com
posed the I'nion army’s left wing.
The Fifth Army Corps was sent to
Hanover, southeast of Gettysburg,
and the Twelfth Corps was immedi
ately south of Gettysburg at a dis
tance of eight or nine miles. This
was on June 30, and the Union forces
were fairly well separted. but they
were converging and Gettysburg was
their objective.
General Reynolds of the Union
forces arrived at Gettysburg early on
the morning of July 1. He dispatched
a courier to Meade saying that the
high ground above Gettysburg was
the proper place to meet the enemy.
Not long after this message was sent
to Meade General Reynolds who dis
patched it. was killed. He was on
horseback near a patch of woods with
his force confronting a large detach
ment of Confederate troops which was
coming toward them. These troops of
the enemy were dispersed by the
Union batteries and Reynolds was
watching the successful solid shot
and shrapnel onset when a bullet
struck him in the head killing him in
stantly.
General Abner Doubleday succeeded
Reynolds in command of the troops
at that point of the field. A brigade
of Confederates, a Mississippi organi
zation, charged the Union forces,
broke their organization and succeed
ed in making prisoners of a large part
of a New York regiment. Later these
men were recaptured and the Missis
sippi brigade was driven back, a por
tion of it surrendering. In the fight
on the first day at this point of the
field or near it, one Union regiment,
the 151st Pennsylvania, lost in killed
and wounded 337 men out of a total
of 446 in a little more than a quarter
of an hour's fight.
General Doubleday fell back to Sem
inary Ridge and extended his line.
The forces employed against him
here were greater than his own, and
after hard fighting Seminary Ridge
was given up. The first day's battle
was in effect and in truth a victory
for the Southern arms. On the night
of July 1 General Hancock arrived
and succeeded ih rallying the Union
fc-rces and putting new heart into the
men. General Meade on that night
ordered the entire army to Gettys
burg.
Victory Not Followed Up.
For some reason or other perhaps
unknown to this day. what was virtu
ally a Confederate victory on the first
of July was not followed up by Gen
eral Lee early on the next morning.
General Meade therefore succeeded in
strengthening his lines and in pre
paring for the greater conflict. One
end of the Union line was some dis
tance east of Cemetery Hill on Rock
Creek, another end was at Round Top
something more»than two miles be
yond Cemetery Hill to the south. The
Confederate line confronting it was
somewhat longer.
It is impossible in a brief sketch of
this battle to give the names of the
brigade and the regimental comman
ders and the names of the regiments
which were engaged on both sides in
this great battle. Meade. Hancock,
Howard, Slocum and Sickles with
their men were confronting Lee,
Longstreet. Hill. Ewell and the other
great commanders of the South with
their men. The line of battle with the
spaces in between the different com
mands was nearly ten miles. It was
the Confederate general's intention to
attack at the extreme right and left
and at the center simultaneously. It
was to be General Longstreet’s duty
to turn the left flank of the Union
army and to “break it.” Longstreet’s
intended movement was discovered in
lime to have it met valiantly. The
battle of the second day really be
gan with Longstreet’s advance. The
Southern general did not succeed In
the plan which he had formed to get
by Big Round Top and to attack the
Third Corps from a position of van
tage in the rear. General Sickles de
fended Round Top and Longstreet
mu Id not take It.
When one visits the battlefield of
Gettysburg he can trace the course
if battle of the second day where it
aged at Round Top. Peach Orchard.
Cemetery Hill. Culp’s Hill, and what
s known as The Devil’s Den. The
tide of battle ebbed and flowed. Lit
tle Round Top was saved from cap
ure by the timely arrival of a brigade
.ommanded by General Weed that
cragged the'guns of a United States
r?gular battery up to the summit by
rand.
At the end of the second day’s fight
it was found that the Southern army
had failed to break the left flank of
the opposing forces, that it had failed
.o capture Round Top and that the
right flank of the Northern army, al
though vigorously attacked, had not
seen broken. There was a tremen
dous loss of life on both sides, and
while in general the day had gone
favorably to the Northren cause Get
tysburg was still a drawn battle.
Charge of Gen. Pickett.
It was on July 3, the third and last
lay of the great battle of Gettysburg
hat Pickett's men made their charge
which has gone into history as one
of the most heroic assaults of all
ime. It was forlorn hope but It was
grasped and the men of George Ed
ward Pickett, Cohfederate soldier,
■ent loyally and with full hearts to
heir death across a shrapnel and rifle
wept field
When the third day’s fighting open
ed it began with an artillery duel,
Jundreds of guns belching forth shot
*nd death from the batteries of both
jontendiug forces. It is said that this
was the greatest duel engaged In by
field pieces during the tour years of
the war between the statu.
The Union guns at one time ceased
firing, and it is said that the southern
commander thought they had been
silenced, and then it was that Long
street's men made an assault and
Pickett's men made their charge. The
former general’s objective was Big
Round Top, but his forces were driv
en back. Picket formed his division
in brigade columns and they moved
directly across the fields over flat
ground. They had no cover and they
had no sooner come into effective
range than they were met by such a
storm of shot as never before swept
over a field of battle.
They went on and on, and on clos
ing in their depleted ranks and mov
ing steadily forward to their death.
Those of Pickett's men who reached
their destination had a short hand-to
hand encounter with the northern sol
diers. It was soon over and Pickett’s
charge, glorious for all time in his
tory, was a failure in that which it
Maj. Gen. George G. 'Meade.
attempted to do, but was a success as
helping to show the heroism of Amer
ican soldiers.
The losses at Gettysburg on both
sides ■were enormous. The Union
army lost Generals Zook, Farnsworth.
Weed and Reynolds, killed: while Gra
ham, Barnes, Gibbon, Warren, Double
day, Barlow, Sickles, Butterfield and
Hancock were wounded. The total
casualties killed .wounded, captured
or missing on the Union Eide num
bered nearly 24,000 men. On the Con
federate side Generals Semmes, Pen
der, Garnet, Armistead, and Barks
dale were killed, and Generals Kemp
er, Kimbal. Hood, Heth, Johnson and
Trimble were wounded. The entire
Confederate loss is estimated to have
been nearly 20,000 men.
The third day's fight at Gettysburg
; was a victory for northern arms, but
it was a hard won fight and the con
flict reflects luster today upon the
north and the south. Lee led his
army back southward, later to con
front Grant in the campaigns which
finally ended at Appomattox.
Forces Engaged and Losses.
The forces engaged at the Battle of
Gettysburg were:
Confederate—According to official
accounts the Army of North Virginia,
on the 31st of May, numbered 74,468.
Maj. Gen. George E. Pickett.
The detachments which joined num
bered 6,400, making 80,868. Deducting
the detachments left in Virginia—
Jankins’ brigade, Pickett’s division,
2,300; Corse's brigade, Pickett's divi
sion, 1,700; detachments from Second
corps and cavalry, 1.300, in all 5,300
leaves an aggregate of 75,568.
Union—According to the reports of
the 30th of June, and making allowance
for detachments that joined in the in
terim In time to take part in the bat
tle, the grand aggregate was 100,000
officers and men.
The casualties were:
Confederate—
First ccrps . 7,539
Second corps. 5,937
Third corps . 6,735
Cavalry . 1,426
Aggregate ..21,637
Union—
First corps. 6,059
Second corps. 4,369
Third corps . 4,211
Fifth corps. 2,187
Sixth corps./. 242
Eleventh corps . 3.80t
Twelfth corps . 1,082
Cavalry . 1,094
Staff.‘. 4
Aggregate.23,040
-■ ■■ ■—
Distinctive.
“Show me some tiaras, please. I
want one for my wife."
“Yes, sir. About what price?"
“Well, at such a price that I can
sav: Do you see that woman with the
tiara? She is my wife.’’—Pearson’s
Weekly.
Puzzled Missourian.
Will some one explain why some
people who are invariably late at
church need no bell to call them to the
moving-picture show on time?
FARMERS SHOULD GROW HEAVIER HORSES
—
Right Kind of Percherons for Farm Use.
You and 1 and everyone who Is In
the business of farming and stock
raising keep horses because they are
our source of farm power. They are
the engines that do our work. If we
have undersized, scrubby, ''cat
bammed" animals, the farm power
that doe3 our work is not as heavy
as it should be.
It is some trouble and it requires a
good deal of time to breed and rear
a team of colts. When we grow a
team of underweight horses we have
wasted time. Farm machinery is not
getting any lighter and it takes a
good team of horses to pull-a heavy
mower or drill, a disk or a harrow
all day in the hurry-up season.
We ought to raise big horses, not
the tremendous “ton horses" uSed cn
firm streets for draying, but animals
able and weighty enough to handle
with ease the heavy machinery that
the agriculturist must use at this
time. If we are going to raise horses
for the markets we will have to
choose between two types in the very
near future. The big demand is going
to be for the massive draft horse or
for the animal of the army type, says
a writer in the Farm Progress. Light
built gasoline vehicles have eliminat
ed from the markets many of the in
termediate types of horses. The farm
will have to be the main field of the
horse in the future.
We can raise big-horses anywhere
in America with a very few excep
tions. One of the things we will be
forced to do is to look more care
fully after the feeding of the draft
type of colt. Our grains and grasses
are just as nourishing as those of
any of the great foreign horse-breed
ing sections where the finest types
of heavy horses are bred and ma
tured.
The trouble has been that we have
paid more attention to our horses
after they were three or four years
old than we did when they were colts.
I have noted that the yearling and
the two-year-old colt Is not given very
much attention on the average farm.
The substitution of big horses for
the small animals now found on the
majority of farms cannot be accom
plished in one year or in ten years.
It will be a proposition of changing
the breed, of getting up to the stand
ard of the pure and the nearly pure
bred. There are not enough heavy
mares in most localities to start in
making the change. Even this part
of the change will have to be worked
out slowly by the breeding of our
mediocre mares to draft stallions.
While this method is. a sort of a
makeshift, anyone who knows condi
tions as they are on the average farm
will agree that it is about the only
practical way. The farmer cannot af
ford to sell off what brood mares he
now has and buy the right type of
mothers for the future heavy-weight
farm draft animals. He will have to
raise them and it will take two or
three generations to get them where
they ought to be for the real results
to be apparent.
If we w.ant to raise really good
horses we will have to stop the prac
tice of “roughing" the yearling and
the two-year-old colt through the win
ter and letting them depend entirely
upon pasturage through the summer.
These two years are the most critical
period in the growth and general de
velopment of the colt.
A colt will make about half of his
growth during the first twelve
months of his life. If he fails to do
this a certain amount of stunting has
been done that cannot be overcome
by subsequent caro and feeding.
ATTAIN SUCCESS
IN HOG RAISING
—
Fresh Air, Sunshine, Pure Water,
and Lots of Exercise Are
Essentials.
Tn his natural haunts, the hog was
accustomed to abundant exercises, sun
shine, pure air, fresh water, roots,
herbs, acorns, worms and natural
grasses. These are a delight to him,
and to attain the greatest success in \
swine raising a variety of rations
which will furnish these necessities 1
in their various forms should be pro
vided.
It is not absolutely necessary, nor
at all times profitable to imitate na
ture In every detail, yet it should be
done as far as practical. Freeh air.
sunshine, pure water and lots of ex
ercise can usually be provided with
out great cost of much effort. If pas
ture and crops are properly supple
mented with concentrated feeds, any
intelligent farmer should be able to
make a success growing hogs, pro
vided proper care and judgment are
used in managing a herd.
Milk Is Valuable Feed.
Milk is a valuable aid In hog feed
| ins
HOW TO SECURE GOOD LAMBS AND SHEEP
The following practical article on
raising market lambs was read by Mr.
J. Withers, an experienced breeder,
before the Farmers’ Club of Western
Ohio. He says:
Begin with the ewes before the
breeding season. For two or three
weeks put them on better feed. The
best I have found (or this is rape pas
ture. Let the ewes run on the rape
for an hour twice a day when the for
age is free from rain for the first few
days until they get accustomed to it.
This will put them in good flesh and
in shape to raise vigorous lambs.
I always raise a few acres of turnips
and these I feed regularly twice a day
during the winter, in connection with
ground oats and wheat bran. About
one quart for each sheep, with as
much hay as they will eat up clean, is
sufficient.
When the lambs are less than a
week old they will begin to eat a little
grain. The ewes must then be fed
more liberally. .1 generally have a
place where the lambs can be' fed by
themselves and then give them ground
oats and a little bran in the morning,
with cornmeal and bran at night.
I always give a feed of roots during
the day. By this method I have raised
iambs which have dressed 75 pounds
at 13 w4eks cld. I always keep the
following points in mind: Give plenty
of clean water; dip in late summer;
keep clean and in a good dry barn;
give regular attendance and feed.
Tar Dips for Lice.
Almost any of the coal tar dips Is
satisfactory for lice, if intelligently
used in sufficient strength, at the time
the stables and sheds are cleaned and
disinfected. The treatment of animals
is repeated one or more times at about
ten-day tiiervals.
Milk Flow of Sheep.
If the milk flow of the sheep falls
o£T it will not come back. Bran or
bundle oats are good milk-making
feeds.
Disk Is Convenient.
The disk cultivator is very con- j
venient if the ground i3 covered with
trash, such as soda and turf, which
is 'often the case when a tough sod or
new land is broken 'and planted to
corn.
t --
Value of Sklmmilk.
The dairyman who puts a low value
on skimmilk is not realizing his larg
est profits. It i3 often the side line
that helps make the bank account
grow.
Source of Strength.
We do not flatter ourselves that the
Intellect of our time, judged by the
power of individuals, is exceptionally
great. No doubt, men of commanding
genius are still with us. but they are
not more numerous or more original
than in former times. What then is
the peculiarity that has produced such
great results? In my opinion what
has been accomplished is due in great
part to the spread of higher education,
which has evolved an army of compe
tent investigators possessing enthusi
asm for research which now. for the
first time, is led into useful paths by
the few great minds, whose powers
thus receive a wider range and be
come more productive. It is in this
that our great strength lies.—Pror.
Arthur Schuster, in Science.
Stung.
The two men who occupied the
seat directly in front of the little man
in the passenger coach were chuckling
over a mysterious pamphlet. They
would read a few paragraphs and say:
•'Gee, ain't this hot stuff!'' Then they
would turn a page and laugh.
“This is the spiciest stuff I ever
read," said one of the readers.
The little man's curiosity got the
best of him, and he quietly stood up
so he could get a glimpse of the spicey
reading matter. He took a look and
sat down and kicked himself. The
legend on the pamphlet read:
“Normal Composition of Various
Red Peppers, Department of Agricul
ture, Washington, D. C.”
Chafing Hives.
This troublesome skin affection is
difficult to diagnose at the outset. Be
on the safe side, therefore, and when
ever the skin is irritated use Tyree’s
Antiseptic Powder immediately and
avoid further trouble. 25c. at druggists.
Sample sent free by J. S. Tyree,
Chemist, Washington, D. C.—Adv.
Of Course.
“Then you don't like a folding af
fair?'’
“I do not. It’s trouble enough at
night to undress yourself without
having to undress the bed.”
Better, but Not Cheaper.
“After all, ’tis better to have loved
and lost than never to have loved
at all.”
"Huh! the chump who said that
didn’t kqow what it costs to be en
gaged.”
Important to Mothers
Examine carefully every bottle of
CASTORIA, a safe and sure remedy for
Infants and children, and see that it
Bears the
Signature of i
In Use For Over 30 *Y ears.
Children Cry for Fletcher’s Castoria
Scare.
She—Nothing is more depressing
than a silent woman.
He—I never had the luck to meet
one.
Noblest Work of God.
Owner of House—How Boon will
this job be finished?
Plumber’s Assistant—Just a3 soon
as business picks up, boss!—Puck.
The fact that we can’t take our
money with us when we die is a
source of great comfort to the law
yers.
Most girls are just as pretty as
they can be. If they’re not. It’s tfyeir
own fault.
Cupidity is what enables the get
rich-quick promoter to remain in love
with his profession.
Red Cross Ball Blue, all blue, best bluing
value in the world, makes the laundress
smile. Adv.
When a man takes a vacation he
needs rest; when his family takes one
he gets it.
- 'i
A henpecked husband is the silent
partner of his wife's woes.
r“BE GAME” j
Don’t allow a weak
stomach, lazy liver and
clogged bowels to put
you ‘ ‘in bad. ” Always be
game, and help nature
overcome such trouble by
taking
Hostetler’s
STOMACH BITTERS
It strengthens the entire
:‘inner man” and drives
out all Stomach, Liver
and Bowel Ailments.
Make the start today.
DAISY FLY KILLER g£- XTlfii %
Hies. Neat, clean, or
namental. convenient
cheap. Lasts all
season. Made of
metal, can't spill or tip
over, will not soli or
1nj ure anything.
Guaranteed effective.
All dealersorfieent
express paid for SI.Ml
HAROLD SOMERS, 150 DeKalb Ave , Brooklyn, H. T.
DEFIANCE STARCH
is constantly growing in favor because it
Does Not Stick to the Iron
and it will not injnre the finest fabric. For
laundry purposes it has no equaL 16 O*.
package 10c. 1-3 more starch for same money.
DEFIANCE STAIICH CO.. Omaha, Nebraska
ft A TPIIVO WatsoaRCoJoBMimWash.
1 fere 1 Xlmaon.D.f. Koalcnfree. Higl*
I HI kll ■ k# eat references. Beat xesua.
0
