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About The Loup City northwestern. (Loup City, Neb.) 189?-1917 | View Entire Issue (July 10, 1913)
\ STORY OF FAMOUS ' CIVIL WAR FIGHT Battle of Gettysburg Which Brought Credit to Both Blue and Gray. TURNING POINT OF CONFLICT Total Losses on Both Sides in Three Days’ Fighting Over 50,000—Sev eral Generals Killed and Wounded. By EDWARD B. CLARK. WASHINGTON.—It is possi ble^ some people would say probable, that the Battle of Gettysburg changed utterly the course of American his tory. It was a great fight between armies of Americans, for probably fully ninety per cent, of the men who fought on the two sides were born natives to the American soil. The bravery shown at Gettysburg was of the order which Americans have shown on every field and which re flects credit upon the hardy and heroic ancestry of the men engaged, no matter from what race they may have sprung. At Gettysburg there was nothing to choose between the valor of the North and the South. The South lost the fight, but it lost it honorably and w-ith the prestige of its soldiery un dimmed. The charges made on that field have gone down into history as assaults made under conditions which every man felt might mean death at the end. The defenses made at Gettys burg were of the kind which it takes iron in the blood to make perfect. At Gettysburg Northerners and South erners replenished their store of re spect for their antagonists. The bat tle marked the high tide of the war between the states. After it the South largely was on the defensive. f but its defense was maintained with fortitude and in the face of privations which could not chill the blood of men fighting for what they thought was the right. The Northern armies were persis tent in their attacks through the cam paigns which after a few months were started agtnst the objective point. Richmond. Brave men here and brave men there, and after the end came it was the qualities which keep com pany with bravery which made the soldiers of the North and South so ready to forget and to forgive and to work again for the good of a com mon country. The great battle of Chancellorsville was fought not long before the oppos ing Union and Confederate forces met on the field of Gettysburg. Chancel lorsville was a Confederate victory. The Southern government believed that the victor}' should be followed up by an invasion of the North for. ac cording to its reasoning, if an import ant engagement could be won upon ■Northern soil the chances of foreign Intervention or at least foreign aid to the Southern cause, would be forth coming. Lenerai Kobert E. Lee late In the spring of 1863, made hi3 preparations to conduct his campaign Northward into the state of Pennsylvania. He had under his command three corps, General James Longstreet command ing the First, General Richard S. Ew-ell commanding the Second, and General A. P. Hill commanding the Third. In the Union army which aft erward confronted Lee at Gettysburg, there were seven corps, but the num ber of men In each was much less than that in a Confederate corps, the military composition of each being different. The Union corps comman ders' who under Meade were at Get tysburg. were Generals John F. Rey nolds, W. S. Hancock, Daniel E. .. Sickles, George Sykes, John Sedgwick, O. O. Howard and H. W. Slocum. Forces Almost Evenly Matched. It never has been determined be yond the point of all dispute Just how many men were engaged on each side in the battle of Gettysburg. It is known that the armies were very nearly equal in strength, the proba bilities being that the Confederate force was a few thousand men strong er than the Union force, a difference which was balanced perhaps by the fact that the Union armies at Gettys burg were fighting in defense ot their land from Invasion, a condition which military men say always adds a sub tle something to the fighting quality which is in any man. Some authori ties have said that there were 100,000 met in the Confederate forces at Get tysburg to be confronted by OQ.OOO Union troops. Another authority says that the Confederate force, was 84,000 and the Union force 80,000. vAs it was the armies were pretty nearly equally divided in strength. In June, 1863, General Robert E Lee began to move northward. I.ee concentrated his army at Winchester, Va., and then started for the Potomac river, which he crossed to reach the state of Maryland. He fiply expected to be followed by General Hooker's army and so General Stuart with a large force of cavalry was ordered by I.ee to keep in front of Hooker's army and to check his pursuit cf ihe Con federates if it was attempted. Late in June the Confederate fores reached Hagerstown, in the state ol Maryland. It was General Lee's in tention to strike Harrisburg, Pa. which was a great railroad centei and a city where Union armies were recruited and from which all kinds of supplies were sent out to the soldiers in the field While the Southern com mander was on his way with a large part of his force to the Pennsylvania capital another part of his command was ordered to make its way into the Susquehanna Valley through the town of Gettysburg and then to turn in its course after destroying railroads and gathering in supplies, and to meet the i Confederate commander with the main army at Harrisburg. It was General Jubal A. Early ot General Lee’s command, who reached Gettysburg after a long hard march on June 26. From there he went to the town of York and from thence to Wrightsville. At this place he was ordered by General L-ce to retrace his steps and to bring his detachment back to a camp near Gettysburg When Early ahd obeyed Lee’s ordei Maj. Gen. John F. Reynold*. and had reached a point near Gettys j burg he found the entire Southern force was camped within easy strik ing distance of the now historic town. In the meantime things were hap pening elsewhere. General Hooker in command of the Union army which had been depleted at Chancellorsville. had succeeded In out-maneuvering j General Stuart in command of Lee’s | cavalry, had got around Stuart’s com mand in a way to prevent the South | ern general from forming a junction with the forces of his chief comman der. Lee gave over the proposed movement on Harrisburg when he i heard of Hooker’s approach and brought the different parts of his army together. Four days before the Gettysburg fight began General Hooker resigned as commander of the Union army Hooker and General Hallock dis agreed upon a matter concerning which strategists today say that Gen eral Hooker was right. Three days | before the battle began, that is. June i 28, 1863, General George Gordan Meade was named as General Hook-' er’s successor in charge of the North I ern array. General Meade at once I went into the field and established his headquarters at a point ten or | twelve miles south of the town of Gettysburg. Armies Meet at Gettysburg. It seems that General I^ee on hear ing that Stuart had not succeeded In Gen. Robert E. Lee. checking the Union army's advance had made up his mind to turn south ward to meet the force of Hooker, or as it turned out the force of Meade. Lee with his force had advanced north beyond Gettysburg, while Meade with his force was south of the town. The fields near the Pennsylvania vil lage had not been picked as a place of battle, but there It was that the two great armies came together and for three days struggled for the mas tery. On the last day of June, the day before the real battle of Gettysburg began. General Reynolds, a corps commander of the Union army, went forward to feel out the enemy. He reached Gettysburg by nightfall. His corps, the First, together with the Third and the Eleventh Infantry Corps with a division of cavalry, com posed the I'nion army’s left wing. The Fifth Army Corps was sent to Hanover, southeast of Gettysburg, and the Twelfth Corps was immedi ately south of Gettysburg at a dis tance of eight or nine miles. This was on June 30, and the Union forces were fairly well separted. but they were converging and Gettysburg was their objective. General Reynolds of the Union forces arrived at Gettysburg early on the morning of July 1. He dispatched a courier to Meade saying that the high ground above Gettysburg was the proper place to meet the enemy. Not long after this message was sent to Meade General Reynolds who dis patched it. was killed. He was on horseback near a patch of woods with his force confronting a large detach ment of Confederate troops which was coming toward them. These troops of the enemy were dispersed by the Union batteries and Reynolds was watching the successful solid shot and shrapnel onset when a bullet struck him in the head killing him in stantly. General Abner Doubleday succeeded Reynolds in command of the troops at that point of the field. A brigade of Confederates, a Mississippi organi zation, charged the Union forces, broke their organization and succeed ed in making prisoners of a large part of a New York regiment. Later these men were recaptured and the Missis sippi brigade was driven back, a por tion of it surrendering. In the fight on the first day at this point of the field or near it, one Union regiment, the 151st Pennsylvania, lost in killed and wounded 337 men out of a total of 446 in a little more than a quarter of an hour's fight. General Doubleday fell back to Sem inary Ridge and extended his line. The forces employed against him here were greater than his own, and after hard fighting Seminary Ridge was given up. The first day's battle was in effect and in truth a victory for the Southern arms. On the night of July 1 General Hancock arrived and succeeded ih rallying the Union fc-rces and putting new heart into the men. General Meade on that night ordered the entire army to Gettys burg. Victory Not Followed Up. For some reason or other perhaps unknown to this day. what was virtu ally a Confederate victory on the first of July was not followed up by Gen eral Lee early on the next morning. General Meade therefore succeeded in strengthening his lines and in pre paring for the greater conflict. One end of the Union line was some dis tance east of Cemetery Hill on Rock Creek, another end was at Round Top something more»than two miles be yond Cemetery Hill to the south. The Confederate line confronting it was somewhat longer. It is impossible in a brief sketch of this battle to give the names of the brigade and the regimental comman ders and the names of the regiments which were engaged on both sides in this great battle. Meade. Hancock, Howard, Slocum and Sickles with their men were confronting Lee, Longstreet. Hill. Ewell and the other great commanders of the South with their men. The line of battle with the spaces in between the different com mands was nearly ten miles. It was the Confederate general's intention to attack at the extreme right and left and at the center simultaneously. It was to be General Longstreet’s duty to turn the left flank of the Union army and to “break it.” Longstreet’s intended movement was discovered in lime to have it met valiantly. The battle of the second day really be gan with Longstreet’s advance. The Southern general did not succeed In the plan which he had formed to get by Big Round Top and to attack the Third Corps from a position of van tage in the rear. General Sickles de fended Round Top and Longstreet mu Id not take It. When one visits the battlefield of Gettysburg he can trace the course if battle of the second day where it aged at Round Top. Peach Orchard. Cemetery Hill. Culp’s Hill, and what s known as The Devil’s Den. The tide of battle ebbed and flowed. Lit tle Round Top was saved from cap ure by the timely arrival of a brigade .ommanded by General Weed that cragged the'guns of a United States r?gular battery up to the summit by rand. At the end of the second day’s fight it was found that the Southern army had failed to break the left flank of the opposing forces, that it had failed .o capture Round Top and that the right flank of the Northern army, al though vigorously attacked, had not seen broken. There was a tremen dous loss of life on both sides, and while in general the day had gone favorably to the Northren cause Get tysburg was still a drawn battle. Charge of Gen. Pickett. It was on July 3, the third and last lay of the great battle of Gettysburg hat Pickett's men made their charge which has gone into history as one of the most heroic assaults of all ime. It was forlorn hope but It was grasped and the men of George Ed ward Pickett, Cohfederate soldier, ■ent loyally and with full hearts to heir death across a shrapnel and rifle wept field When the third day’s fighting open ed it began with an artillery duel, Jundreds of guns belching forth shot *nd death from the batteries of both jontendiug forces. It is said that this was the greatest duel engaged In by field pieces during the tour years of the war between the statu. The Union guns at one time ceased firing, and it is said that the southern commander thought they had been silenced, and then it was that Long street's men made an assault and Pickett's men made their charge. The former general’s objective was Big Round Top, but his forces were driv en back. Picket formed his division in brigade columns and they moved directly across the fields over flat ground. They had no cover and they had no sooner come into effective range than they were met by such a storm of shot as never before swept over a field of battle. They went on and on, and on clos ing in their depleted ranks and mov ing steadily forward to their death. Those of Pickett's men who reached their destination had a short hand-to hand encounter with the northern sol diers. It was soon over and Pickett’s charge, glorious for all time in his tory, was a failure in that which it Maj. Gen. George G. 'Meade. attempted to do, but was a success as helping to show the heroism of Amer ican soldiers. The losses at Gettysburg on both sides ■were enormous. The Union army lost Generals Zook, Farnsworth. Weed and Reynolds, killed: while Gra ham, Barnes, Gibbon, Warren, Double day, Barlow, Sickles, Butterfield and Hancock were wounded. The total casualties killed .wounded, captured or missing on the Union Eide num bered nearly 24,000 men. On the Con federate side Generals Semmes, Pen der, Garnet, Armistead, and Barks dale were killed, and Generals Kemp er, Kimbal. Hood, Heth, Johnson and Trimble were wounded. The entire Confederate loss is estimated to have been nearly 20,000 men. The third day's fight at Gettysburg ; was a victory for northern arms, but it was a hard won fight and the con flict reflects luster today upon the north and the south. Lee led his army back southward, later to con front Grant in the campaigns which finally ended at Appomattox. Forces Engaged and Losses. The forces engaged at the Battle of Gettysburg were: Confederate—According to official accounts the Army of North Virginia, on the 31st of May, numbered 74,468. Maj. Gen. George E. Pickett. The detachments which joined num bered 6,400, making 80,868. Deducting the detachments left in Virginia— Jankins’ brigade, Pickett’s division, 2,300; Corse's brigade, Pickett's divi sion, 1,700; detachments from Second corps and cavalry, 1.300, in all 5,300 leaves an aggregate of 75,568. Union—According to the reports of the 30th of June, and making allowance for detachments that joined in the in terim In time to take part in the bat tle, the grand aggregate was 100,000 officers and men. The casualties were: Confederate— First ccrps . 7,539 Second corps. 5,937 Third corps . 6,735 Cavalry . 1,426 Aggregate ..21,637 Union— First corps. 6,059 Second corps. 4,369 Third corps . 4,211 Fifth corps. 2,187 Sixth corps./. 242 Eleventh corps . 3.80t Twelfth corps . 1,082 Cavalry . 1,094 Staff.‘. 4 Aggregate.23,040 -■ ■■ ■— Distinctive. “Show me some tiaras, please. I want one for my wife." “Yes, sir. About what price?" “Well, at such a price that I can sav: Do you see that woman with the tiara? She is my wife.’’—Pearson’s Weekly. Puzzled Missourian. Will some one explain why some people who are invariably late at church need no bell to call them to the moving-picture show on time? FARMERS SHOULD GROW HEAVIER HORSES — Right Kind of Percherons for Farm Use. You and 1 and everyone who Is In the business of farming and stock raising keep horses because they are our source of farm power. They are the engines that do our work. If we have undersized, scrubby, ''cat bammed" animals, the farm power that doe3 our work is not as heavy as it should be. It is some trouble and it requires a good deal of time to breed and rear a team of colts. When we grow a team of underweight horses we have wasted time. Farm machinery is not getting any lighter and it takes a good team of horses to pull-a heavy mower or drill, a disk or a harrow all day in the hurry-up season. We ought to raise big horses, not the tremendous “ton horses" uSed cn firm streets for draying, but animals able and weighty enough to handle with ease the heavy machinery that the agriculturist must use at this time. If we are going to raise horses for the markets we will have to choose between two types in the very near future. The big demand is going to be for the massive draft horse or for the animal of the army type, says a writer in the Farm Progress. Light built gasoline vehicles have eliminat ed from the markets many of the in termediate types of horses. The farm will have to be the main field of the horse in the future. We can raise big-horses anywhere in America with a very few excep tions. One of the things we will be forced to do is to look more care fully after the feeding of the draft type of colt. Our grains and grasses are just as nourishing as those of any of the great foreign horse-breed ing sections where the finest types of heavy horses are bred and ma tured. The trouble has been that we have paid more attention to our horses after they were three or four years old than we did when they were colts. I have noted that the yearling and the two-year-old colt Is not given very much attention on the average farm. The substitution of big horses for the small animals now found on the majority of farms cannot be accom plished in one year or in ten years. It will be a proposition of changing the breed, of getting up to the stand ard of the pure and the nearly pure bred. There are not enough heavy mares in most localities to start in making the change. Even this part of the change will have to be worked out slowly by the breeding of our mediocre mares to draft stallions. While this method is. a sort of a makeshift, anyone who knows condi tions as they are on the average farm will agree that it is about the only practical way. The farmer cannot af ford to sell off what brood mares he now has and buy the right type of mothers for the future heavy-weight farm draft animals. He will have to raise them and it will take two or three generations to get them where they ought to be for the real results to be apparent. If we w.ant to raise really good horses we will have to stop the prac tice of “roughing" the yearling and the two-year-old colt through the win ter and letting them depend entirely upon pasturage through the summer. These two years are the most critical period in the growth and general de velopment of the colt. A colt will make about half of his growth during the first twelve months of his life. If he fails to do this a certain amount of stunting has been done that cannot be overcome by subsequent caro and feeding. ATTAIN SUCCESS IN HOG RAISING — Fresh Air, Sunshine, Pure Water, and Lots of Exercise Are Essentials. Tn his natural haunts, the hog was accustomed to abundant exercises, sun shine, pure air, fresh water, roots, herbs, acorns, worms and natural grasses. These are a delight to him, and to attain the greatest success in \ swine raising a variety of rations which will furnish these necessities 1 in their various forms should be pro vided. It is not absolutely necessary, nor at all times profitable to imitate na ture In every detail, yet it should be done as far as practical. Freeh air. sunshine, pure water and lots of ex ercise can usually be provided with out great cost of much effort. If pas ture and crops are properly supple mented with concentrated feeds, any intelligent farmer should be able to make a success growing hogs, pro vided proper care and judgment are used in managing a herd. Milk Is Valuable Feed. Milk is a valuable aid In hog feed | ins HOW TO SECURE GOOD LAMBS AND SHEEP The following practical article on raising market lambs was read by Mr. J. Withers, an experienced breeder, before the Farmers’ Club of Western Ohio. He says: Begin with the ewes before the breeding season. For two or three weeks put them on better feed. The best I have found (or this is rape pas ture. Let the ewes run on the rape for an hour twice a day when the for age is free from rain for the first few days until they get accustomed to it. This will put them in good flesh and in shape to raise vigorous lambs. I always raise a few acres of turnips and these I feed regularly twice a day during the winter, in connection with ground oats and wheat bran. About one quart for each sheep, with as much hay as they will eat up clean, is sufficient. When the lambs are less than a week old they will begin to eat a little grain. The ewes must then be fed more liberally. .1 generally have a place where the lambs can be' fed by themselves and then give them ground oats and a little bran in the morning, with cornmeal and bran at night. I always give a feed of roots during the day. By this method I have raised iambs which have dressed 75 pounds at 13 w4eks cld. I always keep the following points in mind: Give plenty of clean water; dip in late summer; keep clean and in a good dry barn; give regular attendance and feed. Tar Dips for Lice. Almost any of the coal tar dips Is satisfactory for lice, if intelligently used in sufficient strength, at the time the stables and sheds are cleaned and disinfected. The treatment of animals is repeated one or more times at about ten-day tiiervals. Milk Flow of Sheep. If the milk flow of the sheep falls o£T it will not come back. Bran or bundle oats are good milk-making feeds. Disk Is Convenient. The disk cultivator is very con- j venient if the ground i3 covered with trash, such as soda and turf, which is 'often the case when a tough sod or new land is broken 'and planted to corn. t -- Value of Sklmmilk. The dairyman who puts a low value on skimmilk is not realizing his larg est profits. It i3 often the side line that helps make the bank account grow. Source of Strength. We do not flatter ourselves that the Intellect of our time, judged by the power of individuals, is exceptionally great. No doubt, men of commanding genius are still with us. but they are not more numerous or more original than in former times. What then is the peculiarity that has produced such great results? In my opinion what has been accomplished is due in great part to the spread of higher education, which has evolved an army of compe tent investigators possessing enthusi asm for research which now. for the first time, is led into useful paths by the few great minds, whose powers thus receive a wider range and be come more productive. It is in this that our great strength lies.—Pror. Arthur Schuster, in Science. Stung. The two men who occupied the seat directly in front of the little man in the passenger coach were chuckling over a mysterious pamphlet. They would read a few paragraphs and say: •'Gee, ain't this hot stuff!'' Then they would turn a page and laugh. “This is the spiciest stuff I ever read," said one of the readers. The little man's curiosity got the best of him, and he quietly stood up so he could get a glimpse of the spicey reading matter. He took a look and sat down and kicked himself. The legend on the pamphlet read: “Normal Composition of Various Red Peppers, Department of Agricul ture, Washington, D. C.” Chafing Hives. This troublesome skin affection is difficult to diagnose at the outset. Be on the safe side, therefore, and when ever the skin is irritated use Tyree’s Antiseptic Powder immediately and avoid further trouble. 25c. at druggists. Sample sent free by J. S. Tyree, Chemist, Washington, D. C.—Adv. Of Course. “Then you don't like a folding af fair?'’ “I do not. It’s trouble enough at night to undress yourself without having to undress the bed.” Better, but Not Cheaper. “After all, ’tis better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all.” "Huh! the chump who said that didn’t kqow what it costs to be en gaged.” Important to Mothers Examine carefully every bottle of CASTORIA, a safe and sure remedy for Infants and children, and see that it Bears the Signature of i In Use For Over 30 *Y ears. Children Cry for Fletcher’s Castoria Scare. She—Nothing is more depressing than a silent woman. He—I never had the luck to meet one. Noblest Work of God. Owner of House—How Boon will this job be finished? Plumber’s Assistant—Just a3 soon as business picks up, boss!—Puck. The fact that we can’t take our money with us when we die is a source of great comfort to the law yers. Most girls are just as pretty as they can be. If they’re not. It’s tfyeir own fault. Cupidity is what enables the get rich-quick promoter to remain in love with his profession. Red Cross Ball Blue, all blue, best bluing value in the world, makes the laundress smile. Adv. When a man takes a vacation he needs rest; when his family takes one he gets it. - 'i A henpecked husband is the silent partner of his wife's woes. r“BE GAME” j Don’t allow a weak stomach, lazy liver and clogged bowels to put you ‘ ‘in bad. ” Always be game, and help nature overcome such trouble by taking Hostetler’s STOMACH BITTERS It strengthens the entire :‘inner man” and drives out all Stomach, Liver and Bowel Ailments. Make the start today. DAISY FLY KILLER g£- XTlfii % Hies. Neat, clean, or namental. convenient cheap. Lasts all season. Made of metal, can't spill or tip over, will not soli or 1nj ure anything. Guaranteed effective. All dealersorfieent express paid for SI.Ml HAROLD SOMERS, 150 DeKalb Ave , Brooklyn, H. T. DEFIANCE STARCH is constantly growing in favor because it Does Not Stick to the Iron and it will not injnre the finest fabric. For laundry purposes it has no equaL 16 O*. package 10c. 1-3 more starch for same money. DEFIANCE STAIICH CO.. Omaha, Nebraska ft A TPIIVO WatsoaRCoJoBMimWash. 1 fere 1 Xlmaon.D.f. Koalcnfree. Higl* I HI kll ■ k# eat references. Beat xesua. 0