- - ' .. • • • ' ' — ITT fjfe In HO is this grand old man, adored by every one, and where was he born? The answer is not easy, for Santa Claus was born ages ago and he has been so busy ever since that hij never has taken the time to study his family tree. One thing he knows, and that is he has many names. American children call him Santa Claus, the little Dutch folk St. Nicholas, the French Pere Noel, and the Germans Prince Ru precht or Kriss Krin gle, but they all mean the same thing. The story of his birth is told in medieval legend. This Italian story says that his name was St. Nicholas and he was a bishop in the fourth century. He had a great deal of money, but he was so good to poor people, and especially to chil dren, that he gave it away as fast as he got it. There are many tales about his good deeds, but perhaps the most Interesting one is how he brought back to life three children who had been killed. In Italy he wras known as a tall man, dressed in white robes and ■wearing a crown. But the happy Dutch did not think of this kind man that way. To the Dutch people he always appeared as short-legged and pot-bellied and well wrapped in furs. He was accompanied by a .black slave, who carried a bag full of sweets and presents. St. Nicholas carried a birch rod with him and asked the children who had been good and who had been bad. If they were good he gave them nuts, crackers and can dies, but if they had been bad they got a flogging. The children put their wooden sabots in the open fire place so he could put some more pres ents in these on going out. In Russia he was worshiped the same way, but he always appeared as a tall person wearing the vest ments of a bishop, with miter and crown. His companion was a beard ed man wearing a fur coat, carrying a stick and a basket full of presents. There are many interesting legends associated with the name of St. Nich olas or Santa Claus in England. One is that he was put in prison for some unknown offense, but managed to escape. Tbis is told in “An Hue and •Cry After Christmas,” and it tells of the arraignment, conviction and imprisonment of Christmas, and how , he “broke out of prison in the holi days and got away, only leaving his hoary hair and gray beard sticking between two iron bars of a window.” In Germany he was at first con sidered as an advance courier for the Christkindlein, distributing part of the angel child’s gifts and promising a visit of the Christkindlein on Christ mas eve when he heard that the chil dren were good. In some of the small places he appeared grotesquely— sometimes in goatskin and dancing like a goa-., again in a white sheet with a stick and two lights in his mouth. The legend says that Claus, Nicholaus, Necht Ruprecht, or what ever his name is, "comes in wearing a white sheet and holding a stick in his hand.” He tells the children to pray, and if they disobey he flogs them, but if they obey he gives them plenty of nuts and apples. The Italian children also believed in their patron saint, but they wor shiped his wife instead. Her name is La Befana and they pay as much hom age to her as the other children do to the saint. She is not good look ing, for she is supposed to be more •than 2,000 years old. The legend says that when the three wise men were about to pass her window she re fused to go to the window and salute them. She saw her mistake when It was too late, and has tried to repent by making the children of Italy happy ORIGIN IN PAGAN RITES Many Old Christmas Customs Have Been Handed Down From Ancient Times. It is interesting to note that many of the Christmas customs which have endeared themselves to the people scattered all over the world have their-origin In many cases among those ancient men and women who worshiped strange gods before they heard the message of peace brought to them by the early Christian fath Dark Horse in Diplomacy. Old Uncle Jack, who closely resem bles Old Black Joe in that he ain’t got no hair where the hair used to grow, has lived for several genera tions—he does not know exactly how many—In the service of a Virginia family- Last summer there were two babies in the house, and Uncle Jack, deserting for the moment the diplo macy and finesse which had always characterized him, committed the fatal blunder of saying that one child was prettier than the other. The aggnev csss&x or szs on her birthday, which is the sixth of January. She is supposed to be Santa Claus’ wife, and when she is not busy helping him she is in Italy getting ready for her yearly celebra tion, which takes place on the sixth of January, when she gives the chil dren toys, fruits, candies, etc. She is also known in Russia and a great many children believe in Mrs. instead of Mr. Santa Claus. There she is called Babouska, and the story tells that she is so kind because she is repenting of her sins. When the Dutch came to America they brought their stories of their pa tron saint and their Christmas cele brations. And the children com menced to hang up their stockings in stead of putting wooden shoes into the open fireplace. Their saint was the same kind, jovial man, excepting that he came with reindeer instead of driving horses as in Holland. The German children told their stories of the Christ child, who sent Prince Ru precht as his servant to inquire, into their behavior and to distribute their presents. They did not see a great deal of difference in the stories and so took the twenty-fifth of December as the day for Santa Claus’ appear ance. In France it was the angel child who came every year to bless the chil dren and to remember them with some small gift. Afterward he had so much to do he sent his servant, Pere Noel, which is the Santa Claus of the French and Dutch children, to help him distribute his gifts and to tell them that he will come to bless them before the New Year. \ Though Santa Claus has a large sleigh and two splendid horses or reindeer, according to the countries he visits, he has such long distances to cover that he cannot appear in all countries on the same day. Santa Claus was born in Holland, or rather it took the Dutch children to find him. But he is a great traveler and goes to all countries, where he has many shops and thousands of men and wom en working for him. He goes to all the forests of Germany, especially to the wonderful "Black Forest,” and gets thousands and thousands of trees. But even the great forests of Ger many cannot give him all the trees he needs, so he hurries to Russia and even to Swqden and Norway until he gets all he wants. He has many shops in London, Paris, Chicago, New York, and in many ether cities. His great factories are in Nuremberg and in Switzerland, in the Bernese Oberland. Here he has many of the dolls, wood en toys and miniature watches made that go to all countries of the world. By the time he reaches Germany the Christmas markets are emptied of their trees, which are always dressed awaiting his coming. Then he takes a fast steamer to America, and by the time he lands in New York he is pretty well tired out. He always brings one or more serv ants with him and he has so many homes to visit that only a few of the children get to see him. He hurries in and out of the chimneys just as fast as he can. ers. The holly, the mistletoe, the wassail bowl, the Yule log. and the Christmas tree are remnants of old customs that have become amalga mated and modified into the usage of modern civilization. The Druids of Great Britain, whom the Romans discovered there when they conquered the Celts, were a priesthood ruling the people by cruel witchcraft. They worshiped the oak. the mistletoe, and the holly. Their altars on their feast days were deco rated with the branches of . white and red berries, ed mother hunted up the old man and asked him what he meant by his re mark. "Lemrae see your baby again,” said Jack, evidently much disturbed. This privilege w-as given him. and he stood for a long time silent and thoughtful before the child whom he i had so grossly slandered. Finally he j said, in a slow, critical manner: “Well. I tell you. de yuther one is a little fatter den dis one, but dis here one is a leetle stouter."—Popular Mag azine. He catches another steamer bound for France, where the children are awaiting their Rere Noel. Sometimes he is so late that the children have to celebrate their Christmas and New Year together. But his journey is not yet ended, for he goes back once more to Russia, especially into the inte rior, where he has not yet been. But he is the friend of all children and must therefore extend his Journey into farthest Norway, and even into Iceland. While he is busy with the children of the north his wife is looking after the children- in the south, in Italy, Spain and Greece. At dark on the eve of Epiphany the Befana begins. The open squares are crowded with trees of all sizes, wax figures of the Christ child, candies and toys, while the air resounds with the sounds of whistles, horns and carols. When these celebrations are fin ished Santa Claus and his wife go off for a short holiday, nobody knows ex actly where. It Is said that they have been seen in the high mountains of Switzerland enjoying the winter sports. Wherever they enjoy their holiday it is short, for as soon as they are rested they commence their work for the coming year. This is only a part of the real Christmas legend, for Christmas would not be nearly as beautiful as it is were it not for the splendid ever green trees, shimmering with their many brilliant candles and gay trim mings. The Dutch may boast that Santa Claus was born in Holland. Who knows? Perhaps he was. But Germany is the home of the Christ mas tree, for it was the first country that used the evergreen tree in Christ mas celebration, and it supplies more than one-half of the trees that are used by Santa Claus. There are many beautiful stories associated with the origin of the first Christmas tree. One legend says that on the holy night all nature, even the animals and the trees, were rejoicing and that the cedars, instead of point ing their branches upward as pointed, slender trees, spread their branches wide to protect the mother and her new-born child. Though it was mid winter the thorn commenced to blos som and its white flowers made a cover for the child’s cradle. The olive poured forth oil for the new born child. All were happy except the small pine, which had nothing to offer, and year by year it grew taller. Still it never forgot that holy night and the wind sweeping through its branches moans because the pine is still unhappy because it had nothing to give. YE CHRISTMAS FEAST. Now all our neighbors’ chimneys smoke, And Christmas logs are burning; Their ovens they with baked meats choke. And all their spits are turning. Without the door let sorrow lie. And if by cold it hap to die. We’ll bury’t in a Christmas pie, I And evermore be merry. ! When the early Christian fathers came over to Britain they found that it was easier to amalgamate the feast days of the pagans with their own customs and teachings than it was to eradicate them from the minds of the people who, like all men and women, loved their recreation days. The Christian missionaries merely changed the name of the feast of the winter solstice to that of Christmas, and so the people paid tribute in the old way to the new God. which, to their simple minds, was quite compat ible.—National Monthly. Lisa’s Trouble. “You don't seem in a very good tem per today, Lisa.” “No. our servant is ill, and poor mother has had to do all the work herself ”—Ulk. At Both Ends. Marie—l think Chollie is a delight ful dancer; he’s so light on his feet. Lillian—When you’re better ac quainted youTl discover that he la light at both ends.—The Pathfinder. PROBLEM OF MOST PROFITABLE BREED OF SWINE IS DIFFICULT TO DETERMINE Many People Say, “Raise the Breed You Like Best, and You Will Be Successful,” but That Is Not Always the Case—Experi ence of Maryland Hog Raiser May Help Others. The question of which breed of hogs to raise in order to obtain the biggest profit, has proven a very seri ous one with many farmers. Some people say, “raise the breed you like best, and you will be successful,” but that Is not always the case. The following experience of a Mary land man may help other swine breed ers. From an experience of over 30 years in hog raising during which time I have tried almost all of the popular breeds I have settled upon the Berk shires and their crosses as the most profitable hog for me. Thirty-one years ago I broke away from the ra zor-back, and invested in a pair of pure-bred Essex pigs but soon found that they were too small for profit. I then tried the Chester Whites, but I found that in our climate I generally succeeded in raising a larger crop of mange than I did of hogs and when I my best grade Poland China sows, and today 1 have an ideal hog for profit, a pig that is always ready for the market from a month old, always fat, a rapid grower and one that has dressed for the past three years that I have been raising them, all the way from 150 to 230 pounds at from seven to eight months old, and which I think is the most profitable age to kill them. I do not care to winter any pigs over so I sell all the fall litters and have my spring pigs come about the first of April. All of my sows are then in pens and as soon as the pigs be gin to run about I raise the doors high enough to let them in and out on the lot, where I teach them to eat a mix ture of skimmilk and mill feed till they are six weeks old, when I shut them in the pens and turn out the sows. They are kept in pens till they are butchered, their feed consisting Box for Feeding Alfalfa Hay to Small Hogs. Such a Box Prevents Waste by Tramping. did raise a hog from them it was all fat and had to be made into lard. Next I tried Jersey Reds and I found them a very coarse bog and very hard to clean on account of the thick coat of wool they invariably had underneath the hair. So I discarded them to take up the Berkshire, and was so well pleased with them that I stuck to them until the popularity of the Poland-China became so great that I was induced to try them. I found them a fine hog, with one ex ception. While they made a large hog when matured, they would not take on fat like the Berkshire while young and growing rapidly and I had to make the hog first and fatten him afterwards. Just here I concluded that I could make a cross that would give me the hog I wanted, for while I liked the early-maturing, easy-fattening points In the Berkshire, I wanted a large hog, so I bought a pure-bred Berk shire boar and crossed with some of almost entirely of the skimmilk and mill feed until I can cut my earliest Planted sugar corn, which I plant every two weeks from May 1 to July, 15, to be fed to them, stalk and all. This I give them once a day all they will eat in addition to their other feed until late in October, when I put them on a feed of new whole corn for about two or three weeks to harden them. I also give them at intervals during the summer ail the charcoal and wood ashes they will eat and once or twice I treat them t? a dose of cholera spe cific, in which 1 have always been a great believer. With this hog and this course of feeding I killed two lots last winter. The first at eigh. months old, made an average of 199% pounds and the last at five days less than seven months old, made an average of 178% pounds of beautiful pork, nicely streaked with lean and a perfect Berkshire ham. I stiil stick to this breed as the most profitable for me. SUPERIOR POINTS ON DAIRY FEEDS Relative Qualities of the Different Rations for Milk Cows. Alfalfa meal, more convenient to handle than hay, much easier to adul terate, price usually excessive, rich in protein. Beet pulp, soaked up, a good sub stitute fcr silage or roots but higher priced. Bran (wheat), light, bulky, appetiz ing, high In mineral matter, high 'n crude fibre. Relatively expensive at present prices. Buckwheat, low in protein—usually pays to sell it and buy back the mid dlings. Buckwheat middlings, heavy usual ly econoralcal source of protein, tend to make soft, oily butter. Bulky feed, bran, gluten feed, ajax flakes, distillers’ grains, corn and cob meal. Constipating, cottonseed meal, corn fodder and hay. Corn, easily digested, usually cheap est source of energy. Pays to grind. Corn and cob meal, bulky, consid- - erable crude fibre, nearly equal to corn meal In ration because of bulky nature. Grind fine. Cottonseed meal, high in protein, heavy, should be fed with something else, makes for hard butter, relative ly cheap source of protein, ordinarily should not constitute more than one third of the mixture. Distiller’s dried grains, rich in pro tein, very variable In composition, bulky, must be fed with other feeds. Dried brewers' com grains, light, bulky, high in protein, not readily eaten alone. Last Days of the Ranches. The day of large ranches in Texas Is passing away, but there are still four with an area of over one million acres each and quite a large number of over 500,000 acres. Much of this land Is bought as low as 20 cents per acre, and Is now worth $4 to $7 per acre. These ranches are being con tinually divided up Into large farms. Last year over one million acres of ranch lands were sold to small set tlers for general farming purposes. Excellent Super Baits. In the production of comb-honey there will always be on hand a large number of left-over, unfinished sec tions. and these make excellent baits in the supers for the late flow, and should be Judicibusly distributed through the supers that can now be put over the strong colonies. Feeding Poultry. At the high price of grain the man who has to buy all of his feed must fig ure very closely and make the most of every pound of it in feeding his poultry, else he will come out at the little end of the horn in the spring. Little Details Pay. Do not forget that the careful ob servance of all the little details in poultry raising is what brings in the end the big returns. Every neglect is a cog removed from the perfect wheel of success in poultry raising. FEEDING CATTLE FOR FIRST TIME Profit Depends on Steady, Con sistent Gains From Rations. Those who are feeding cattle for the first time this season should remember that getting a bunch of steers on full feed is a matter that requires about a month’s time. High-pressure feeding is an entirely different proposition from ordinary rations and the animal must gradually get accustomed to the change if he is to continue to make consistent gains throughout the feed ing period. Most feeders prefer to start their cattle on grass, giving a few stalks of fodder com a day to each steer and gradually increasing. The change is then made to snapped corn fed in the bunks, the final change then being made to husked com or whatever form the grain is fed in Every time the ration is changed such changes should be made gradual ly. This applies especially to the first few weeks in which the feeding is started and to the latter period of the feeding operation, when there is the more danger cf getting the stock off feed. And remember, the profit in feeding cattle depends on steady, con sistent gains, meaning good returns for the feed consumed, every time they get off feed meaning just so much lost time. Making Smithfield Hams. After the hogs have been killed and the meat thoroughly cooled the fresh surface is sprinkled with fine salt peter until the meat is white, says the Farm Magazine. About three or four pounds of saltpeter is used to 1,000 pounds of hams. Fine salt is then rubbed over the entire surface and the hams are packed in bulk not deeper than three feet. In ordinary , weather they should remain thuB for several days, at least three. Then break the bulk and resalt with fine salt and again pack. Each ham should remain in bulk at least one day for each pound of weight. The hams are then hung up and gradually smoked for 30 or 40 days with hickory or red oak bark. When the smoking is com plete they should be repeppered and placed in canvass bags to guard against vermin. The Smithfield hams cured as Indicated improve with age, and are considered about perfect i _ Feeding Roughage. Feed roughage to the stock before giving them grain, as it Invigorates and excites the digestive apparatus to action. Wealth of American Farmers. The American farmer has $40,000, 000 Invested in his business and pro duces an average of $25,000,000 of new wealth every day. World’s Sugar. The United States and its depen dencies produce one-tenth of the world’s sugar. Alaskan Forests. The forests of the Alaskan coast yield about 27,000,000 board fj.et of lumber a yo»r. NEW MEAT SUPPLE Washington Officials Say Rein deer Will Supplant Cattle. Declare That in Less Than Twenty Years There Will Be 2.000,000 Animals Grazing in Alaska and Flesh Will Be Cheaper. Washington.—Uncle Sam has under taken many big problems of late in an effort to solve the mystery of the continued rise in the cost of food. But it is doubtful, if any of them will have a greater effect on this vital question than the experiment to find a new meat supply. Every one agrees that the meat problem is the greatest of all. It was for this reason the gov ernment first undertook the experi ment of raising reindeer on the bar ren slopes of Alaska. The scheme has now progressed far beyond the ex perimental stage, and the men who have charge of it say that reindeer beef will cut a big figure in the future supply of America. Officials at Washington say that in less than 20 years, if the increase con tinues at the present rate, there will be more than 2,000,000 prime beef rein deer in Alaska, upon which the people of America can depend for much of their flesh diet in the future. Reindeer meat is now considered a delicacy by epicures, and is only sold at leading hotels and restaurants. In flavor the meat is a cross between mutton and beef, but is even more pal atable than either. Reindeer can be raised for the market much more cheaply than cattle, because they will thrive on wastes so barren that even goats would starve to death. Their principal food is the moss which grows only in the far north. There are more than 40,000 square miles of frozen tundra, or moss-covered ground, In Alaska now fit for nothing, but if W~ m II-- I ■ .. * Monarch of Reindeer Herd. the latest scheme of Uncle Sam’s pans out as expected this immense terri tory will be available for reindeer ranches and can provide abundant pas turage for 10,000,000 or more of the animals. About ten years ago Uncle Sam started his experiment of raising rein deer in Alaska with a herd of 1,200 animals. Now there are more than 30,000 in the same herd. At that time it was the hope of the authorities at | Washington to aid the Eskimo and the native Indians of the north to be j come self-supporting citizens. That was and still is the basic idea of the I whole experiment. • MAN HALTS RUNAWAY TRAIN Fireman Braves Death to Stop Pas senger After Engineer Is Over come by Steam. New Brunswick, N. J.—A fast train j on eastern line was a "runaway ; for a few moments when, on the way from New York to Phila delphia. the engineer lay scalded and senseless in his cab from j escaping steam, and there was no controlling hand at the throttles. The j presence of mind and pluck of the fire man, Joseph Garrett, averted a prob able wreck of the train, running sixty miles an hour and crowded with pas sengers. Beyond this city one of the driving shafts snapped and part of the rod was hurled through a boiler section. There was a rush of steam and En gineer Frank Barber was enveloped and overcome before he could put hi3 hand to the throttle. Garrett, with the tfain speeding madly on, climbed over to the en gineer’s side of the cab and, although □early blinded, managed to get to the throttle. The train was brought to a halt quickly then, near monmouth Junction, where Barber was cared for. His condition is serious. None of the passengers on the train had known any danger threatened. IS CAUGHT BY THUMB PRINT Man Who Killed Girl in Germany la Put Under Arrest After a Long Search. Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany.— The bloody imprint of a thumb upon the body a girl stabbed to death has led to the detection and confession of the murderer here. Joseph Rupp was arrested for fighting in a saloon. Ever since the murder of the girl the police have examined the thumb prints of anyone arrested. Over 400 were ca hand, but when Rupp’s thumb print was taken it was quickly recognized as identical with that on the body of the girl. Confronted with it, he confessed. He had robbed the house and killed the girl to prevent alarm. WAR BOOSTS COST OF EGGS Price is Already $4 a Case Higher in Austria and May Increase More. I , _ Vienna.—As a result of the Balkan war there is an egg famine in Vienna. Many cities in Austria and Germany get their supplies of eggs from Bul garia and Servia. This source being cut off now, eggs have already jumped $4 a case and will go higher. —. .a Loss of Power 3 and vital force follow lou of fleeh or " emaciation. Theae come from impov* — pithed blood. 1 Dr. Pierce’s | Golden Medical Discovery g5 enlivens a torpid liver—enriches th« 55 blood—stops the waste of strength and £2 tissue and builds up healthy flesh—to 55 the proper body weight. As an appe 5" tizing, restorative tonic, it seta to ™ work all the processes of digestion ■■ and nutrition, rouses every organ into 55 natural action, and brings back healtb 55 and strength. 3 Can anything else be "Just as 5 good" to take I a Pimples and oth A er skin blemishes promptly by SULFENOL ITCHING STOPPED 1M MEDIATELY A rec«nt marvelous discovery already used by bnmlrrds of physicians now offered for first time direct to sufferers. Write a t once for particulars. The Illinois Laboratories. 115 So. Dearborn St, ChicafO, Illinois To man the most fascinating wom an in the world is the one he almost,' but not quite, won. No thoughtful person uses liquid blue. It’s a pinch of blue in a large bottle of water. Ask for Bed Cross Ball Blue,the blue that’sall blue. Ads Gloomy Outlook. “It's going to be a hard winter.’’ “How can you tell?’’ “By the size of the salary I’m get ; ting’’ FREE BOX OF BISCUITS. Every reader of this paper can se cure absolutely free a box of assorted biscuits by simply cutting out the cou pon from their ad appearing In an other part of this paper and mailing it to Loose-Wiles Biscuit Co., Omaha, Neb. The firm is thoroughly reliable. Take advantage of this liberal offer and write them today. One Fisherman’s Idea. First Angler—Look, this fish was almost caught before; see the broken hook In its mouth. Second Angler—It should have had sense enough to steer clear of hooks after that. First Angler—Oh, come, you can't expect a fish to exhibit more sense than a human being. i . Good Job. “Now, Johnny,” said the teacher af ter she had explained the meaning of the word. “I wish you would write a sentence containing defeat’’ After a struggle which lasted for about twenty minutes Johnny an nounced that he was ready to be heard. “Please read your composition," the teacher directed. “When you git shoes dat’s too tite," Johnny read, “it’s hard on de feet.” Maoe-to-Order Kind. “My wife is always bringing home i so much toothpowder,” complained a man the other day to a friend. "Its a waste of money. As for me I just take the bathtub cleanser and scruh my teeth.” The pair were walking down Chest nut street and his companion stopped in amazement. “What! Doesn’t it hurt your teeth and gums, too?” he exclaimed almost in horror. “No,” came back the surprising re ply. "You see they’re the kind you buy at the dentist’s.” STEP FARTHER. Mr. Rastus—I’ze muzzled de dog. I An’ now l’ze waitin’. Mr. Acker—For what? Mr. Rastus—To see if dey’s gwinter go de res’ o’ de way an’ see to de puhtection o’ us human bein’s. Ef dey’ll fix up some way o’ muzzlin’ er hin’ feet o’ er mule, de’ll sho’ly stop er heap o’ damage. NEVER TIRES Of the Food That Restored Her to Health. “Something , was making me ill and I didn’t know the cause," writes a Colo, young lady: “For two years I was thin and sickly, suffering from In digestion and inflammatory rheuma tism. “I had tried different kinds of diet, and many of the remedies recommend ed, but got no better. “Finally, Mother suggested that I try Grape-Nuts, and I began at once, eating it with a little cream or milk. A change for the better began at once. “To-day I am well and am gaining weight and strength all the time. I've gained 10 lbs. in the last five weeks and do not suffer any more from In digestion, and the rheumatism is all gone. “I know it is to Grape-Nuts alone that I owe my restored health. I still eat the food twice a day and nevei tire of it.” Name given by Postum Co., Battle Creek, Mich. The flavour of Grape-Nuts is peculiar to itself. It is neutral, not too sweet and has an agreeable, healthful quality that never grows tiresome. One of the sources of rheumatism is from overloading the system with acid material, the result of imperfect digestion and assimilation. As soon as improper food is aban doned and Grape-Nuts Is taken regu lanly, digestion is made strong, thd organs do their work of building up good red blocd cells and of carrying . away the excess of disease-making material from the system. The result is a certain and steady return to normal health and mental activity. “There's a reason." Read the little book, “The Road to Well ville,” in pkgs. Ever read the above letter? A net* one appeara from time to time. They are genuine. true, and full of liui Interest. Adv.