Waste iiv Our I
Lumbering Methods
&9 ^ A*_ r^\
O irmrti has b-en tau! aad
written :a recent years
shoal the totrlul waste «I
(he h«fwt«y u4 Is at hr flag
ft\' l Cftlodt pmuni ta llir
I'BI e«i .. e H
aem.gr p.-n.n without a
•ery taiUnMte h.. >• ledge
Iwh sore that the rase
must he egaggcraied. Acd
:b nee a<gne be is
right. (!r~ai as hate been
. ___ -•
testers who have gar
t.ered the wealth of osr
:* with a tree hand, they
.is scarcely hero guil'y in the
<c sure that has been charged id
mi r quarter* lad. moreover. there
is a.i doubt bat that ta most rases the
pr*w. igal policy has been the result of
tgis -a»re rather than :.'oapted by a
wsa'.oa spirit as sow of the critics
would hate as better*
The general public has beard mow'
r-_ srditg the wastefulne** and extravagance
tsitnra r.etbod* of lumbering since tbe
• vr logmen: * it bln Ik# past fen years of tbe
mrwMMnt in behalf of tbe 'or>fr»atl<>B of our
eat-rai rrsoorre*. However, for years before
•iat cTtmartr began, and with redoubled energy
lit e recurred European travelers bare been
exclaiming upon tbe contrast between forest*r
a - - £» ta tbe old world and the new. Now.
tt aa been very lmprenrtre to bear boa in
I'rtMS and Germany great forests are culti
*.:*d with tbe rare at a well-ordered garden.
•*& bow even tbe twigs that fall froii the
era are peeked up and sold for fuel, but as
naCer at fact tbe boasted German methods
' rc-»*ry would not be at all suited ta The
t'wred States
11 < sewer, for all that, as has been hinted.
'Vrt are two sides to this questin' of the
wasteful American methods at lumbering the
!a<-» remain* that our people hr.re not made
"b* moot at tbe priceless heritage of our for
ce Nor bas all tbe fault in this respect
t» « at tbe door of the professional lumber
men a bo. given n seemingly almost teexha-. I
*b> source of supply, naturally gained a con
tempt for small sources of waste. In some
meaaurw responsible, x!*o. have beer, the
farmers who were tbe pioneers in the settle
u* of tbe varlot:* sections of our country
Kaye.* to clear tbe land they bad taken up and
to ret to tbe actual work of tilting tie soil.
‘ -ewe weXGer* were prone in many instance#
te think only of tbe quirkes-t and cheapest
wa-r of getting rid of the timber In maty
eircc they took ea pains to get the most out
• the standing timber or to so cut it •’tat a
raiiaue. yi« Id would be insured.
f* Is the professional lumbermen who have,
fir ratlweiy speaking slashed tight and left
wpbon* nusrh regard.to consequence* «a get
t e- out tbetr timber Trees hive beer, f-lied
- ill-out the reaps r regard to the damage done
•* other forest monarcha in tbe ernes of the
looey trunks to earth und log* have been
' aiu*kcd~ or dragged owl of the fore#t w ith
few. tf any. prwrautloas against dan-age- to the
yoteg growth—tbe nanrre of the lus.be' sup.
p!y of i‘-morrow Added to these, and worse
•ban nH efe* sa effect, is tbe deadly destrur
dos wrought bp forest lire* These wholesale
cUcding • mb-T lou been
twjHBmn rxrefansnexs and
in extinguish
. . - ‘ tmm* at liijn.an n*-g
bg-wre that precipitate the fires and sbort
mgfctodneas in not providing ad--.*'#- alarm
western* and firefighting rwcilitiew to combat
•be tames, once they have gaiwel bradwav
A very spectacular form of lumber waste,
and one that newer falls to jptwnf Kur> j>ean#
•rbo tour (be I sited State* is tbe lavish use
made at marketable -.mber in providing facll
Pies for logging operation# In the states of
Oregon and Wnnbington. for iaatame. there
~aj •# ween In tbe lurot—- regions pc.nderrm#
bndgra tbe piers at wbi.-h are formed from
croswad logs placed crisscrosc on top of one
another It to no exaggeration to say that
au#h ■ bridge contains *h<- makings of lumber
sw^ciegt to b«dld all she houses and other
frame *imeturra Is a geod-sixed village ,\n
'•'be# uiHty of ite American lagging system
• hat consumes a surprising quantity of ma
teria! is the "skid road" which forms the
artery of commerre between a logging scene
and the nearest loading point on the railroad
A "skid road” may be several rnUeB in
length and it is composed throughout this en
tire length of logs or greased skids placed
crosswise of the highway to form a smooth
and comparatively level pathway over or
along which the logs fresh from the forest are
dragged by a heavy steel cable attached to a
donkey engine of several hundred horse
power. Similarly the familiarity that breeds
contempt has prompted many of the .oggers
to ai t as spendthrifts in the use of large and
sound logs to form a skidded platform, load
'tic stage, etc., at the railroad siding where
the logs are placed aboard the cars that ara
to carry them to the mills. To pursue this
same subject further there might be cited
the immense amounts of lumber that have
been used in the construction of the flumes
or artificial canals mounted on trestlework
In which logs are floated when other means
•»f transportation are not available, some of
these flumes being 40 miles in
coating nearly as much as a railroad.
Perhaps the greatest hue and cry that ias
been precipitated by any phase of America s
wasteful lumbering methods has gone up a*
a result of the plan employed In felling *
giant trees of the Pacific northwest. It *
one of the first principles of the new con
servative policy of lumbering that the sever
ing of the trunk of a tree by sawing or chop
ping should be done at a point as near to the
ground as possible, so that the waste rem
nant in the form of the stump should be re
duced to a minimum. No wonder, then, that
jieople who are of this way of thinking gasp
with astonishment when they go to northern
California and the famous Puget Sound coun
try and witness the methods of felling trees
In vogue in this region, so plentifully endowed
with timber wealth.
The timber "jacks" of this favored region,
far from attempting to make their “cut” as
near the ground as possible, are no. even
content to stand on the ground and swing
their axes on a level with their waists, as did
j£> g. x. .
igSgriM
the old-time lumbermen of Maine and Michi
gan. Instead, these Pacific coast fellows con
struct a “shelf" on the side of the tree to he
felled and at such a height that the chopping
and sawing is done at a point at least ten or
twelve feet above ground. The result is. of
course, to leave a huge stump containing
enough material to build a small house. The
lumbermen justify their action by the tradi
tion that the “swell" at the base of one of
these big trees is of inferior material—pre
sumably too poor to bother with. However,
most of the expert foresters of the country
say that this is uot true, at least not in the
majority of cases and that this method of
mutilating timber in the cutting is a flag
rantly wasteful one.
One of the most seriously wasteful methods
of lumbering in vogue in the United States—
looked at from the standpoint of future gener
ations—is the practice of taking from a forest
annually an amount of lumber far in excess
of new growth. Obviously this will serve to
either speedily wipe out a forest or else to
render it of little value for many years to
come, whereas it might be made to serve as
a regular and permanent source of income.
Indeed, this plan of intelligent harvesting of
the timber with reference to the supply of fu
ture years is what renders so steadily profit
able the admirably conducted forests of Ger
many and Switzerland
Of course the American lumberman is en
gaged in logging as a source of livelihood and
his main defense against every charge of
wasteful lumbering is that there is so much
timber in proportion to the population that it
does not pay. as a business proposition, to
take any more than the better part of each
tree felled. Unquestionable there is a grain
of truth in this, provided a lumberman is
thinking only of prosperity in the present gen
eration. but at the same time there is much
waste in lumbering that it not only unneces
sary but is actually costly to the lumberman
himself. However, conservative lumbering is
making headway and is supplanting the old
wasteful methods in many sections of the
country. The new ideas of conservative lum
bering are based on three principles. First,
the forest is treated as a working capital the
purpose of which is to produce successive
crops. Second, a systematic wcrking plan is
followed in harvesting the forest crop. Third,
the work in the woods is carried on in such
manner as to leave the standing trees and
the young growth as nearly unharmed by the
lumbering as is possible. In the actual oper
ations of tree felling the new policy calls for
greater care, so that no tree trunk may be
split or broken in falling and likewise are
there precautions so that the bark of valuable
standing trees will not be rubbed or torn by
the tree trunks that are being "skidded" out
of the forest. Finally a ban has been placed
on the wasteful practice of cutting promising
young trees for corduroy or skids simply be
cause these happen to be convenient ami are
straight. Under the old plan the waste does
not end when a log gets to the saw- mill.
There Is a further loss of nearly all the slabs
and edgings and all the sawdust not used'for
fuel, so that It is doubtful if more than half
of the cubic contents or the standing tree is
finally used.
Bullet Wound Saves Life
—— - «r—
R»eiarSat'r Ret fit of OMTin-e Ccm
bat on Se-Calied 'Field of
Hotter.'
Am iMdrr bttflfcc ftxigtt- t«o duels ,
•• The Oafc* aid eease nuances w hich
»lf- 'eat. liable though hr name off
». roof beet In both, relates the \e*
Orleans Mrayaae The list of these ,
4«et. arms atth M Anguilla. abo after
arard I era toe district judge and gen
real of the Ixralsiaaa legion Angus ,
!r far hl< sword into Graiihe's lungs
Oid the la'ter hovered for a long time
between life and death, and when at
ast he did come out of his room he
*a* bowed like an octogenarian.
•*>ir plications had onsued and sur
eerv was not what It Is now. The
loot or* declared that it was only a
natter r.t a short time until he would
lie However, that did not prevent ’
Sin: from getting into a quarrel with 1
rvionel Mandeville de Maringy and i
challenging him to a duel, ft was
fough* at The Oaks. The weapons
were pistols at 15 paces, each to have
two shot?, advance five paces and fire
at will. At the first shot Grailhe fell
forward pierced by Maringy's bullet,
which struck the exact place where
Augustin’s sword had entered. Ma
rlngv, pistol in hand, advanced to the
utmost limit, when Grailhe, although
suffering intense pain, said. “Shoot
again: you have another shot." Mar
ingy raised his pistol and fired into
the air, saying: “1 never strike a
fallen foe.” Grailhe was carried home
more dead than alive, but instead of
sinking rapidly, began to mend and
some time afterward walked out of
his room as erect as ever and soon
regained his health and stately bear
ing. Mnridgy's bullet had penetrated
the abscess which threatened his life
and made an exit by which it was
drained and his life saved.
Noiseless Lawn Mowers.
"My noiseless lawn mowers." proud
ly remarked a suburbanite to a vis
itor. pointing to a cage full of guinea
pigs. “When T get a few more I’m
going tr hire them out to the golf
club to keep the green clipped.
•T put a low barrier of wire netting
arouml the lawn that 1 want cut and
then tarn in the guinea pigs. They
attack the worst weeds first—plan
tains, dandelions, etc.—because they
like them the best. Then they take a
little rest and tackle the grass. In a
short time the lawn looks as though
It had been cut by the closest ma
chine. I‘m sure that a golf green
clipped in this way would be as fast
again as It would be mowed In the or
dinary way.”
The Truth About Talking Dogs
_ «___*
' I
Or. I
for MWni mo««ih« a doc named
-Ona.' «Ucfe accordut| to newapaper
aetaafijr rpeaka or artiralate*
dogs performance. He finds that the
dog in reply to questions barks a re-1
spouse which can be interpreted as
"hunger,- -rube,- or “kuchen.- Indi
cating that he is hungry, sleepy, or
wants a biscuit Don seldom answers
promptly and correctly, and evidently
doe* not understand the meaning of
the questions. He does not even ut
ter his own name correctly, as he.
~annot press his long tongue firmly
enough against bis teeth to produce
the true sound of “d." The rowel
sound is likewise imperfect, so that
the name is a monosyllable, and with
indistinct vowel. "Wow” as like
"Don.” To the question. “Was hast
duf Don responded with barks, some
of which suggested the word “hun
ger.” The word ‘haben” was “spoken”
almost as a monosyllable, and with In
distinct vowels, so that It differed
little from “Don.” The words “kucb
en” and “ruhe” were also much alike.
as the •ch.” "h." and “n” were indis
tinct. and the initial consonants were
almost imperceptible. The indistinct
ness of the •W” Is surprising, as many
dogs produce this sound involuntar
ily. In Dr. Prochow’s opinion Don
differs from other dogs only by a
more highly developed imitative facul
ty and by the ability to produce sev
eral peculiar combinations of sounds
which suggest spoken words. He
shows no evidence of extraordinary
mental ability, and often answers In
correctly.
In the Wrong “Pew."
He was a rather overdressed youth
and attracted much attention when he
entered the car. He occupied the only
vacant V seat beside a rather elderly
gentleman. When the conductor came
for his fare he fumbled for his money,
and then suddenly became very pale.
“Oh. I'vb been robbed." he gasped.
“There Is nothing but a bit of an old
cigar in my pocket." “My boy." said
the deep bass voice of the man by his
side, "would you mind taking your
hand out of my pocket?"
_
UK Pilgrim mothers endured
all the hardships the Pilgrim
fathers endured and the Pilgrim fathers.
THE ETERNAL QUESTION.
✓
Three meals a day is the endless
chain that encircles the housekeeper
w ith the never-ending problem of what
to have to eat
It is not so much the daily duty
which disheartens and weighs upon
her; but the thought of three meals
a day through the years to come
smothers her with their accumulated
weight. The old fable of the clock
w-hlch refused to work because It had
to tick so many times a day. teaches
us a deep lesson; the clock was only
required to tick one tick at a time.
We need not bear the burdens of the
future, nor give needless thought to
the days to come. “Sufficient unto the
day is the evil thereof.”
One of the things to be most thank
ful for is a good appetite, which usu
ally goes with a healthy body. Any
body who finds it necessary to cater
to a finicky, fussy appetite certainly
needs sympathy, for there is nothing
more discouraging to the author of a
good meal than the hirdlike habit of
turning over food and playing with It.
It is to be regretted that the best
intentioned people in the world often
have no appetite, and they must be
fed and cared for just as well as those
who can digest shingle nails.
We must remember to appeal to the
eye in preparing dishes and arranging
the table. If the eye is pleased the
palate usually responds, and things
which taste good will be better di
gested and will consequently better
build up the body and repair waste.
We learn that a mixed diet is net
only pleasanter but actually neces
sary for our best, as is proven by the
variety of foods that a wise Provi
dence provides for us.
Oily fish and pork are accompanied
with lemon and apple sauce, not only
because it appeals to the taste, but be
cause the oil needs the acid to aid
In its digestion. We find that lamb
served with mint sauce, roast goose
with onions and sage are not combina
tions following a fancy, but because
it was discovered that the richness of
these foods is modified by the sauces.
So it is well to remember that it is
not wise to neglect these accessories
when serving such foods.
People past middle life will find
that the general health will be im
proved if they eat less, drink more,
worry less and play more.
when 1 preaches T loves to have an In
telligent consresatlon."
LEFT-OVER PROBLEMS.
When any bits of vegetables are left
over, if in a white sauce, they may be
washed off and the vegetables added
to a potato salad. Beets, string beans,
peas, green corn, tomatoes, and in fact
almost any vegetable improves the po
tato salad. It is wise not to have
too many colors, like carrots and
beets, as the two do not look well to
gether.
Any bits of cold left-over meat mav ^
be put through the meat chopper, sea-’
soned. mixed with a little salad dress
ing and used for sandv .ch fillings.
A sponge cake pudding is a dessert
which will fill a long-felt want. Cut
the cake in slices and between each
layer place a layer of sliced dates
with the stones removed. Pour over
all a custard made of two cups of
milk, the yolks of two eggs, half a cup
of sugar and a teaspoonful of flavor
ing. Bake twenty minutes or until the
custard is seL and spread over the’
top a meringue made with the whites
of the eggs and half a cup of sugar.
Bake until brown.
The aim of every housekeeper is
to have no waste, and to be able to
serve the left-overs in such an at
tractive manner that they do not an
nounce themselves as left-overs, but
a dish peculiarly pleasant, which
makes one long for more.
A delicious pudding sauce is one
that needs no preparation at the time
of using. Just nice ri<*h Juice poured
over the blanc mange or any simple
pudding, and If there are always a few
bottles of grape juice on the shelves
of the fruit closet and some cake In
the box. a dessert may be quickly pre
pared.
When there are only a few stalks at
celery and not enough for a meal,
stuff the stalks with cream cheese sea
soned with paprika. Worcestershire
sauce and salt. The cheese may be
tinted a delicate green if desired.
Chill and serve as a relish with the
dinner.
Nut Roast.—Take two cups of bread
crumbs, one cup of walnuts chopped
fine, and a cup of celery chopped; add
two eggs well beaten, salt and pepper
to taste and cream enough to moisten,
and make into a loaf. Bake in a par*
with a small amount of water in which
has been added a little butter. Baste
occasionally and cook an hour.
HEY are as sick that surfeit
with too much.
As they that starve with nothing.
—Shakespeare.
THE WHOLESOME TOMATO.
The tomato is such an appetizing
fruit vegetable, if one could call it
so, also it has the reputation of being
a good tonic for the liver. When one
finds the skin producing brown liver
spots, it is time to give the sluggish
liver a jog. Tomatoes may be put
up and served in such a variety of
ways that a housewife who has a few
dozen cans is independent. She may
have soup, pickles, catsup, preserves,
to say nothing of the numbers or
dishes to be made in combination
with other vegetables.
A small family, if fond of the vege
table, will consume sixty quarts and
then not have enough. Fill all your
empty jars with the tomatos. using
only a little salt, and when thoroughly
scalded seal in well sterilized cans.
They keep as fresh as the day they
are put up if the rubbers are new and
the cans screwed tight
One good housewife makes catsup
as she needs it by adding ibe spices
and pepper to canned tomatoes,
i For preserving tomatoes the small
yellow one is the most satisfactory,
adding lemon in slices, removing the
seeds. Weigh the fruit and add to a
pound ot the tomatoes three-quarters
of a pound of sugar, cooking slowly
until the tomatoes look transparent
One cause for failure in canning
tomatoes is that often they are over
ripe. Perfectly sound, well ripened to
matoes if put up in air tight jars will
keep for several years.
A dozen well-cared for tomato plants
; will produce enough fruit to supply the
1 table and have some to put up, besides
' having plenty of green ones for pick
ling and chow-chow after the frost
comes.
The following is a very excellent
i chili sauce recipe:
Peel and chop twenty-four large ripe
tomatoes; chop six green peppers and
four onions. Put into a kettle with
three tablespoonfuls of salt, eight ta
blespoonfuls of brown sugar and a cup
of vinegar; cook slowly one hour.
; Then put into bottles and seal.
I.EASURE and revenue
Have ears more deaf than adderi
to the voice
Of any true decision. —Shakespeare.
HOUSEHOLD HINTS.
A pair of sleeves to slip over a good
gown with a large apron will allow
one to safely get a meal in a best
dress.
When putting down the stair car
pet. a great deal of the wear can be
! saved by first tacking down pieces ol
old comforters or bed quilts, cut not
quite the width of the carpet. This
saves buying carpet paper or padding
made for the purpose.
When putting up curtains, if the
windows are close to the floor, put the
curtain poles up a foot or more above
the window, and when the curtains
are hung the space is covered and
you have windows with a much great
er height, in appearance.
If plants are ever frozen or frost-bit
ten. sprinkle well with cold water and
put in a dark place, well covered.
They will often be entirely restored
in a few- hours.
When making soup for Immediate
use and the fat is removed, use a
piece of ice. The fat will quickly hard
en in it and It can be easily removed.
Have your kitchen table covered
with zinc and save the time U3ed In
scrubbing for other and better things.
Slip the hand in a paper bag when
polishing the kitchen stove. The
hands will be saved and the bag may
be burned.
When food has cooked on In any
granite dish, put a little washing soda
in it
For callouses and corns on the foot
use surgeon's plaster, which comes In
a smalt aluminum box and will last
a long time. Cut a piece to fit the
tender spot and wear one all the time.
It keeps the com soft and It Is then
easily removed.
Keep old ribbons and pieces of vel
vet from last season’s hats, and you
may often find use for them in facings
for dresses and even for trimmings if
not faded.
Very pretty corset covers may be
made of lingerie waists, by cutting
down the neck and trimming the arm
bole after removing the sleeve.
Use a quart of water for each pound
of meat in making soup.
Dog Days.
Dog days Is the name applied to
the heated season of the year at the
time of the heliacal rising of Sirius
the dog star; that la, the time when
It rose just before the sun. They usu
ally lasted for about 40 days. W«
still retain the expression of dog day*
as applied to the hottest season of th*
year, but owing to the procession ol
the equinoxes it la no longer the tlm*
of the heliacal rising of the dog star.
Effective Wall Paper Border.
Recently there has come Into wall
paper fashion a type of border that
is cut along the bottom to follow the
lines of the design, usually vines, leaves
or the like. Against a plain wall pa
per such a border is particularly ef
fective. as all who have seen it can
testify. At first this border had to
be cut out after the design was print
ed on the paper, but a New York man
has invented a machine which does
the printing and the cutting at the
same operation.
Coffee to Relieve Fatigue.
The question is sometimes asked:
VN hat will relieve fatigue more quick
ly than anything else? Clerks U
stores and men generally as well ai
women shoppers become at tlmei
very tired. Fortunately the Brltisk
““ Crashed the question out
“d *'*• kind of decoctlos
that could be thought of. and we mat
profit by their experience ThSy
IThlt t0 C°r,ee- and declare
Omm? ,UPer‘°r “r «*ual
\
