--i
fawcetr/Y
s ’to scene of t \ V
lsrjnne forms of \
oa Easter non \ \
iac ns(rs all tbe *s* ina tbe J j
land i <» .d tto Morsrisr. J J
dbaa of P—■■rhum to ifec
(MWohM* anlm la tbe rJsarrbes
i aa nitl a erase. Near York, at
teadsd by the -«**" of metropolitan
tu rtt' Ibt-re is little doubt, bos
-•er La: to moat taxiiressive sac i
•be most fuciamaQue of si! Easter
nub (abas place oc »ne jc*our jJk
i.* Muer.. S' Pe-.Oiire «■ fsc’ HHh|
_ P
aa a garden—the traditional cloister la the
form of an open gallery measuring 200 feet
on each of its four sides, which serves the
1 friars for their walks on rainy days when it
is inconvenient to take exercise in the open.
However, visitors, though denied a peep at
this sheltered retreat, are admitted to the
wonderful shrines and subterranean cham
bers beneath the chapel and which are In
large measure responsible for the rapidly
growing fame of this institution.
Reached by flights of stone steps from the
main chapel are two underground chapels,
one being n representation of the Grotto of
Nazareth and the other the Grotto of Beth
lehem where Jesus was born. The two grot
toes are connected by means of an under
ground passage which duplicates In appear
ance the Catacombs of Rome and this passage
has at its central point a crypt in reproduc
tion of the ancient sepulchral chambers
where an altar was erected over the tomb
of some famous martyr. Prom this crypt an
other underground corridor leads to the sub
terranean Chapel of Poor Souls which is in
tended for funeral services In these under
ground shrines burn votive lamps that are
never extinguished, day or night, from one end
y\TAT QVU*C/f A/*DAT
n MCuvTJT jTTa/zcyaPT
u If FI
cta/jnr&Ar rw s*QHA3Tf/?y at sku/m
3r 3CAULCHW
tc*i ,uir a u»j ! cuted amber of i>e.>pic have
s •«•: ritficrMf 1 --*• -ugntfi» ant trogriir. here car
r-«d iruI iid ' “at itioerd the grea' majority ot
tW puttie Is w.£*ir« e* ~n of the unique char
mler of the rtxvicea at this meres for worship
*■'*- ,"r,OB perh^;». to add interest to the piste
sad the event
Maun: St Sepulchre is located at Brook lane
*■ *bar Ulnarlet of Columbia and is the seat of the
important church and the most famous
maned in the Nev World by the
"*nenu brothers However it should be em
y.arised Jan here that .he casual Bnster viattor
t* ttus retreat at Eastertide need a o' be a Cat h
•rke nor yea even u» adheres' of any church to
iiVt»i»ta tho sc* lean it > «nd marvelous beauty
of the Mnrito which *alse up the greater portion
**■' than the mos* momentous da;, on Ue church
7W mont important architect and feature of
the church at Moout St Sepulchre, and one from
which the church and monastery takes its name,
la lho locution in tbu sanctuary of an exact dupli
cate of the Holy Sepulchre which has been re
grudncod exactly as it exist, in Jerufaiem This
la ttaclf would lead inlnrest to fbe Etetor serv
kwo held in such a setting, hut intensifying the
■nsnirg of the religious program for al! the spec
taxors ts tbo * ir< umsunce that the services are
an «xa; t duplicate to the smallest detail of the
ictrvci which are being held under similar a us
pices and at the corresponding Lour at the last
resting place of the Savior in Jerusalem It is
as though the ongregation at Brook land were
•odteoiy "TUi*t«rted to the Holy l,and for an
hour or n day.
To appreciate the nor city of all that transpires
at Master at Mount St Sepulchre it is on e*
aery to know someth lag of the history of this
laSjtstiBB. TV Franciscan brothers have
a number of monasteries or houses
sf lbs order kxsted is various fiarts of the
I cited States, but the community in the Dis
trict at Columbia is in a Hass by itaelf in that
« b is effect the American "branch office" of
•he Franciscan friars who are laboring in
FuieMtne For. of course, the Franciscans are
a brotherhood uboae work is of world wide
■cope and one of the most Important branches
'<f this work la found ic their function of
"beepers of the holy places " For more than
seven hundred years the Franciscans have
keen la poaeeuatou of almost all of those
Stores la the Holy Land, which are most dear
to aB adherents at the Christian faith such
Stones as the spot where Jeans was born In
Hedktohem and the Holy Sepulchre in Jem
■sJem -and this order of monks has made of
It a labor of lore to restore and preserve
thane sacredly historic localities
* 4 large share of all the funds with which
this work is carried on comes from America
aad most of the Franrlscons who are now
■erring actively as "keepers of the holy
atoms" have beea educated for their task in
the United States—at thin self-same Institu
tion ad Mount 8L Sepulchre Officially this
community la rtosigastert the Chapel and Col
lege of the Holy Land and the thirty monks
who make ap the community are known as
(he Fathers of the Holy Land. Not only is
this a collage for the education of the young
of the order who are to go a* guides
to the Hedy Land, but it is
and business office of
of the Holy i-and This
Is a legally organised corporation which
la authorised by top to receive bequests and
Sonatinas of all kinds made for the purpose
of commemorative and restoruUre work at
•**n holy places in Palestine. A country-wide
ergantonUen of laymen known as the “Cru
sade tor the Holy Land" Is ever active in the
cause aad the funds raised by the “Crusaders"
or by mesas of the collection taken once a
year In aO Catholic churches are sent to
Mount St Sepulchre for transmission to
rslsstlnn >
With such an inspiration it la. of course.
wr/P/ofi or 77H£ cw/pc/iatMou/rr st.j£pi/lchp£ - ••
.w/uumv: r*tr A/-rat? v
nor at all strange that the Franciscans at
Mount St Sepulchre are enabled to present
particularly Impressive services at Easter.
Moreover a number of the members of the
community have resided for years at a time
in the Holy Land and are familiar from long
participation with every deail of the Easter
services as conducted at the tomb of our Lord
in Jerusalem. This is the case with the pres
ent superior of the community. Rev. Father
Bede Oldgeering, who is the celebrant of the
solemn high mass which is the principal fea
ture of the Easter program
It is doubtful if any church in America is
embellished with a more lavish floral decora
tion than that in the Chapel of the Holy Land
on Blaster morning and equally notable is the
special music by the choir of male voices
made up of members of the community with
one of the brothers acting as organist. The
chapel at Mount St. Sepulchre, and which is
rII too small to accommodate the throngs that
come hither on Easter, is in the shape of a
live-fold cross, the large cross forming the
main body of the church and the small
crosses being represented by chapels. This
cross, symbolic of the five wounds of our
Lord, appears again and again at Mount St
Sepulchre and a representation of it In Vene
tian mosaic forms the pavement of the
church. The central aisle of the large cross
has, at the entrance of the church, a portico
which supports a gallery, while at the other
end is the sanctuary. The whole interior
with its rows upon rows of columns and
arches and its significant white and yellow
decoration, is stately and majestic in the high:
est degree and affords the best possible back
ground for the Easter decorations.
The whole arrangement of the interior con
duces to focus attention upon the sanctuary
which Ib the main point of attraction in the
church and especially so on Easter when it
becomes the locale of much that transpires.
The architect who directed the erection of
the duplicate of the Holy Sepulchre spent
much time in Jerusalem studying the original
and he has produced a marvelously faithful
and accurate replica. Two marble stairways,
one on either side of the Sepulchre, lead to
Mount Calvary, which forms the high altar of
PTPRaauCTJQH or 7HC ffAY JTPULCfAtE /ft 77tf
CfiA/EJL AT AfOUVT JT JEPULCH/E
the church. A
low door, set
between two or
namental pan
els leads to the
outer room of
the tomb. In
the middle of
this, supported
by a low pedes
tal. there is a
stone called the
Stone of the
Angel, the orig
inal of which,
tradition avers,
is a fragment of
the very stone
on which the
Messenger- of
Heaven rested
when he gave
the glad tidings
on that memo
rable Easter
morn. Natural
ly this is an ob
ject of the most
intense interest
to the Easter
throng.
Through a sec
ond door in
this fac-simile
Sepulchre — an
opening even
lower in height
than that above
mean uucu —
the visitor reaches the representation of the
place where the Savior was laid. From the
ceiling depend memorial lamps and every de
tail of the tomb in Jerusalem is reproduced,
even to the famous silver panel by Raphael
representing the Resumption. Above the Se
pulchre. as already explained, is Mount Cal
vary. the altar, being a replica of the one at
Jerusalem. While the Sepulchre Itself Is
naturally the climatic point of interest on
Easter, services of special character are held
in the church throughout the week preceding
this, the most significant Sunday of the year.
Of the throngs of Blaster visitors to Mount
St. Sepulchre, no women and very few men
are admitted to the “enclosure" of the monas
tery—for this institution, being designed as
a college as well as a chapel, is built on the
old monastic plan with a courtyard laid out
of the year to the other. These underground
shrines, representative of the spot where
Jesus first opened His eyes upon the world
and the humble home of the Holy Family in
Nazareth, are both, as in the case of the Holy
Sepulchre, exact reproductions of the origi
nals in the far-off Holy Land. Indeed, so
faithful is the duplication even in little things
that we see in its proper place the stone
bench upon the counterpart of which in the
Holy Land sit the Turkish sentinels who
stand guard over the spots so hallowed by
Christians.
TWO JUDGES IN COURT.
“A man has been passing judgment an
women for centuries. it is high time that
a woman be permitted to judge men. And I
am perfectly sure that a handsome man could
not get away with it at a wcca’s tribunal,
as handsome women are doing every day in
courts presided over by men.”
That's what Miss Mary Coleman, lawyer and
suffragette, remarked when I called on her
with the new proposal, backed by a number
of women's clubs, that all the officers of the
women's rights court, from the magistrals
down, be women.
"I don't think an all woman's court would be
a good thing.
“1 don’t think an all man’s court is any bet
ter.
‘The ideal court will exist only when jus
tice has gone into partnership. In this court
there will be two judges—one a man and
one a woman. Each will learn from the
other. And they will sit jointly and pass
judgment on both men and women.”
“I have heard two criticisms of women as
judges, especially of their own sex." I re
marked. ’One person says they would be too
sentimental. Another writes essays on wom
an’s inhumanity to women.’ ”
“Well, we can’t be both things.” Miss
Coleman replied, briefly. “As a matter of fact.
1 don’t think we’re either. 1 believe that the
best justice prevails when head and heart
works together, and I think this excellent
combination is more often in women than
in men.
“Either a man is absolutely inflexible and
cold-blooded, or he is wishy-washily emotional.
A Judge and jury of men rarely fail to be in
fluenced by a handsome, attractive woman.
But I am equally positive that fascinating
men criminals could wield no such influence
over women on the bench.”
Easter Betrothals in Hungary
During the first centuries of the Christian
church, Easter was celebrated on the same
day of the Jewish Passover, because Christ
rose from the dead on that day. In the early
days of the church Blaster was the favorite
time for performing miracle plays; priests be
came actors, and the churches, theaters for
the time being. One of the mo6t popular of
the mystery plays is based u]ioe the cowardice
of Pilate in condemning Jesus.
“Three days after the death of Christ." runs
the old legend, "the pious women of Jerusalem
came In a crowd to the palace of the great
ruler and hurled bitter reproaches at him for
his cowardice. Pilate retired to the innermost
part of the palace to escape their reproaches.
Still the voices of the women reached him.
crying, ‘Coward!’ At last Pilate became so in
furiated at their cries that he ordered the pre
tori ans to drive them out by throwing water
on them. This seemed effective, for the mob
dispersed and quiet was restored. But to the
horror and consternation of Pilate, as he
passed from his palace and entered the streets
of Jerusalem, the cry of ’Coward' filled the
air as if from a thousand tongues.
“Nature herself takes up the curse, and a
sadden shower breaks. In which every drop of
rain calls the wretched man ‘Coward!’ The
ocean, the sea and the rivers take part in the
great demonstration, and the word coward
wrung from the heart of nature herself ceases
not to ring in Pilate's ear until death frees
him from the curse.”
Prom the legend springs a curious custom
practiced in Hungary on Easter Monday. At
dawn the men of the village wait for the maid
ens of their choice to appear; as each sees the
maiden of his heart he runs after her. and
drags her. shrieking and protesting, to the
nearest fountain or Well, where he proceeds to
drench her liberally with water. Thoroughly
drenched, the maiden is supposed to pay for
the courtesy with a kiss. Often she breaks
away from her tormentor, and there is a hot
and merry chase until she is captured. Of
course, she is soon caught and is usually a
willing victim, for this is one of the Magyar
betrothal customs, and an early marriage fol
lows the rite
Terrier9s Life a Long One
At_.____
•Tim Connort" Seemingly Without
Oowbt Is the Oldest Dog Living
in America.
if there is any older dog in Amer
ica I**" Tim Connors it has not yet
hacn discovered. The oldest dog on
—ort in the United States wap a
ITT-L spaniel which sailed the aeas
*7, aavy pet for twenty-four year*.
aa4 wSS still as lively as n poppy
\
when her master retired from the |
service. Topsy Walker, a pug dog of
Tarrytown, died recently at the ripe
old age of seventeen, while another
pug is still living in the same town,
aged nineteen, though it is stone blind
and has only three legs.
Tim Connors Is an Irish terrier, be
longing to Mrs. Fitch, tl\e widow of a
New York millionaire, with a country
seat near Irvington. On sunny days a
trim trained nurse in spotless white
may be seen leading a small boy by
the hand up and down the shady ave
nues near the Fitch mansion. The
boy in turn leads the decrepit terrier
by a chain, and the pretty nurse
watches over both child and dog with
tender solicitude. The child is Mrs.
Fitch’s little grandson, and the terrier
is the aged pet of the Fitch house
hold. Tim Connors was born over
the sea twenty-two years ago. He
j came to the Fitch family when he was
I two years old, and has been a beloved
member of It ever since. He has ta
ken part Inpmany bench shows, and
has had many a blue ribbon tied to
his collar by admiring judges.
Though gray, deaf and half blind, he
still displays all the good points of
his breed, and is just as full of fight
as ever. At , the approach of a strange
cur his hair bristles, his feeble old
body stiffens, low growls issue from
M» throat, only the restraining
leash prevents a battle.
Tim never is forgotten when the
Christmas presents are bought, and
i
there is always a dainty bowl for his
porridge, a new collar, a blanket, a
set of combs and brushes or some
other dog luxury for him on Christmas
morning. Every year he la taken to
the Adirondacks, where Mrs. Fitch
has a summer camp, and regains
some of the friskiness of his lost
youth chasing rabbits in the primeval
woods.
May Cultivate Cotton.
Effort* are being made to cult!rata
cotton tn Hawaii.
SELECT MOST POPULAR
BREED IN COMMUNITY
So Mach Depends Upon Tastes of Individual. Environment
and Reqolrements of Neighborhood,
* Useless to Name One Dreed.
Many communications are received
by this paper during tbe year asking
for information on the bee; breeds of
live stock. Sometimes these inquiries
relate to draft horses, at other times
to beef cattle, frequently concerning
tbe breeds of dairy cattle and the last
one received asks for information con
cerning tbe best breed of hogs.
We have repeatedly stated in these
columns that it is strictly impossible
to give advice on the question of
breeds as applied to any class of live
stock, says the Homestead. So much
depends upon the tastes of the indi
vidual. upon the environment and
upon tbe requirements of neighboring
farmers that it would be time wasted
the bulk of the hogs In a particular
locality were grade Poland Chinas we
would by no means take up that breed
jnd likewise if they were Du rocs we
would start up business as a breeder
of the red kog. and the same might be
said of the Chester Whites or Berk
shire*. As a rule the beginner in the
pure-bred hog business has his hard
est sledding the first two years and
many a man becomes disgusted when
he finds that he has kept over a big
bunch of males that he cannot dispose
of. thus making it necessary for him
to dispose of them later on as stags
and thereby incur an actual loss.
It must be admitted that there are
exceptional cases and sometimes the
1 ww
Yearling Poland-China Boar.
j to mention specifically one breed and
then undertake to prove that it was
better than any or all others.
We take it for granted that in this
case it is the intention of the sub
scriber to handle pure-bred hogs and
we presume he Is a beginner in the
business and under these circum
stances something may be said on the
topic that will throw a little light on
i the subject for those just starting,
j The average man will do a little bet
ter right from the 6tart if he takes
up the breed that is popular In his
community. The reason for this is
! that he will have less difficulty in dis
; i>osing of his surplus males early in
| the season than if he starts in with a
| treed with which his neighbors are
■lcfamiJiar. We mean by this that if
i _ _
best profits are realised in handling
a new breed. A good example of this
could ^e found in popularity of the
Hampshire hog. On account of the
growthiness of this breed, their pro
lific character and their general con
stitutional hardiness these hogs have
rapidly grown in popularity and in
even.- instance tnat has been called
to our attention where a beginner has
started in with the right foundation
and handled them properly he has had
a brisk demand for his surplus hogs
that were good enough to go into the
breeding pen.
Salt for the Calves.
Salt should be kept before the
calves all the time, the same as be
fore the older stock.
GUINEA HENS
ARE PROFITABLE
Bakers Always Glad to Get Their
Eggs Because They Can be
Used to Good Ad vantage
In Cake Baking.
By WALTER B. LECTZ.
There is no doubt that if the guinea
hen is properly cared for at all times
that it will prove almost as profit
able as any of the ordinary breeds of
chickens.
Guinea eggs are not always saluable
to country merchants because many
people say they are not palatable and
their color is against them, but bak
ers are always glad to get guinea eggs
because it is claimed they can
be used to better advantage in cake
baking than any other, except duck
eggs. ,
If the eggs can be obtained from
; guinea hens that have been confined
for a season or whose ancestors have
been treated as domestic fowls, the
| birds will, in time, become almost as
! tame as chickens.
When the hens are left out In tha
open they make their nests in brush
heaps or out-of-the-way places, and
when their nest Is once located they
rarely leave the vicinity, and it Is,
therefore, easy to find the nests. It
is always better to place the eggs un
der a chicken hen for hatching un
less the guinea hen has been con
fined.
Unless the guinea hen is confined
► she will take her brood on jong jour
i neys through the damp grass, and
many are likely to die from this
1 cause.
One difficulty about raising guineas
Is that the young birds are very easily
killed by mites and lice. They are
, apparently more tender than the
j chickens and many will quickly die.
| particularly if the big bead louse at
i tacks them.
COVER FOR TOBACCO PUNTS
The production of good, healthy to
bacco plants fit for transplanting in
the field is one of the most important
operations of tobacco growing, says
the Orange Judd Parmer. It Is the
well-known policy of most tobacco
growers to plant more seed and have
larger beds than necessary when the
weather and everything are favorable
I to production of good, strong, healthy
plants. W. S. Belmer of Connecticut,
after losing several years in succes
i sion his crop of small plants by freez
i ing, decided to make a bed this spring
in which he was sure to grow as many
and healthy plants as he wished. The
cost of this bed, he claims, is about
one and one-half day's extra labor, or
three dollars more than what his old
beds cost him. This seed bed, as
illustrated above, is 41 feet wide, 52
feet long and four and one-half feet
I high to the eaves and about nine feet
' high in the center. On the west and
south sides are placed the glass
frames which were formerly used on
the old beds. When placed in this
manner, the sun shines into the tent
from some direction at all times of
day. The ridge wire is stretched from
one center post to the other; then ex
tending from one side to the other
across this ridge wire every four feet
is a rope, and every ten feet a wire.
Mr. Belmer says if he were to build it
over, he would place ropes every two
or three feet. In dry weather the
tent tends to sag, but when it rain*
or in damp weather the ropes tighten
and hold the top of the tent well in
position.
Making Butter.
Butter should come in 20 minuter
of churning, and never longer than in
half an hour. Good salt should be.
used, and great care taken that it is
well worked in. When butter is gath
ered in the cream in granular form it
is never overworked.
DODDER KILLS
CLOVER DROP
Chilean Seed Has Fine Appearance
and Therefore Finds Ready
Sale—Farmers Warned
Against It.
Since July 1. 1910, 23 lots of clover
seed of probable Chilean origin aggre
gating 370,000 pounds have been im
ported into the United States. In all
of these shipments two kinds of dod
der seed characteristic of Chilean red
clover seed are present, says a United
States department of agriculture bulle
tin. At a normal rate of seeding, these
shipments are sufficient to seed ap
proximately 46.000 acres, and at this
rate of seeding an average of approx
imately 460 dodder seeds would be
sown on each square rod. The sowing
of this Chilean seed this spring means
that the clover crop on a considerable
proportion of the area on which it is
aeeded will be destroyed by dodder.I
and farmers should be on their guard
- t
against purchasing this seed. Unfor
tunately moat of these Importations
have gone into the southern part of
the clover-producing region where
this dodder will undoubtedly prove
disastrous. This Chilean clover seed
is itself especially fine looking seed,
being dark colored and approximately
50 per cent larger In else than or
dinary red clover seed produced in
the United States. It will, therefore,
doubtless receive a ready sale on ac
count of Its fine appearance.
Progress In Oregon.
Oregon has accomplished a great
deal during the past ten years, for in
that time the state has placed its
fruits on the markets of the entire
world. Mnch of this brings the very
highest prices.
Care of Pigs.
Feed and water regularly and see
that every pig comes to hla feed. If
any of the little fellows seem to be
sick, put them out and give a small ra
tion for a while, and the chances are
ill come out all right, with
0li ther treatment t
