C HATH HE]
EDWARD B. CLARK gj ^
COPV0/CPT BY MA PATTPP30/V V4” >7 'W'
1 I
F THI »ar and nary depart
ments would publish in book
form the r*-eirds of the serv
ice of officers and tuen in
time* of peace the readfrs
tber*of would be dispossesed
at the thought that all the
hsrdships undergone and all
•he heroism displayed by men
■ *f the armed forces were of
aec wity connect***! with deeds
of warfare There are many
thrilling stories and many hu
man interest stories in the
"|i ace records" of the army
and navy.
Recently the monitor Puri
tan. a heavily armored craft
of one of the older types, was
us* I for purposes of experi
ment with a new high explo
«li* M l!lard !* Isl am. an ordinance engineer.
Invented th.- explosive, an 1 his claim was that
with It a v*-s*-e| could i>e destroyed from the
outside just ** -nil as trotn he inside. It has
tewi fc< . that hj^h <-i|m*i ives I* so th.-ir force
unVsN ici*r • «jr ! - x r, tifln.-d It w as known to
be th*- rule ft at the effect of the explosion
generally went upward and outward away from
tbu b;--ct against which it was discharged,
•r I*ham believed that a charge of his ammu
nition against th*- side of a v -sel would open
ttc artnor and would not es{>end its force in
the air,
ri»« monitor Puritan was chosen for the ex
(ertasrsl A charge of SW pounds of the ex
I '-istve was place.] in jn um-uatined condition
against the Puritan's armor plate near the
stem '’aft. A. St Knight, president of the
heat was fearful. There was
not a pound of ice on the
island and many of the deaths
that followed one after anoth
er were due to the lack of this
necessity. There were 20
cases of the fever and for days
and nights continuously the
devoted lieutenant command
er, the surgeons and the
nurses knew no rest. With
their own hands they dug the
graves for the dead and with
their own lips repeated over
them the burial service.
Captain Langdon in the far
north heard of the yellow fe
ver at Fort Jefferson. He in
stantly relinquished his leave
of absence and hastened to
return to his station. Pome
months before the outbreak of
the fever Lieutenant Bell had
put in an application to be de
tailed as instructor of military
science at the University of
Vermont. The application had
been granted, and Captain
Langdon. hurrying southward
to join his command, carried
in his pocket the order reliev
ing Lieutenant Bell from duty
at Fort Jefferson and detailing
him tor work in Vermont.
Langdon reached his pest.
THE HOTTEST PLACE O// A BATTLE JH/P it it it
' V '
Capt. Edmund B.
Underwood. United
States navy, retired
from the service re
cently after forty
years' service in the
line. Just after Cap
tain Underwood
came out of the na
val academy and
was serving as a
midshipman he was
assigned to the old
ship Ossip^e. which
went to Cuba to
bring back a vessel
called the Vlrgin-us,
which had been
seized by the Span
iards in Cuba and
its crew of Ameri
cans put to death.
This country came
near having a war
with Spain over the
Virginius iucident.
When the Ossipee
was towing the Vir
•-- * »r U luiu tUIIUIUTI
•***"•» as’*"d to stay ..n board the Ihiritan
*■*"* (he exp -«.re wu detonated More than
tfci. ■ dUn K: telii had ’he 'ask of punching
e'. dl i * a (he explosive with a lead pencil
to permit the introduction of fuses. This was
as execdl-srly deliral'- c;»eralion and because
at Ike tacr tha* the e* iteive was a new com
biaafimi 1* was j-wsibie that something might
bipp-t. Idles 'he puncturing lightly as it
was perftrr - ’ After the fuses were inserted
* ap*ata Knight connected dectrlc wires with
,!#* “• then went forward to a position on
* he berth deck with the four enlisted men
who elected to stay on hoard with him.
rfee jednaace board officer turned a switch
•»°h the nyiatiDn took place. The report was
1 ■ ur. irrous "It felt like an earthquake." said
* sjfala Knight afterward. With his men the
i*vittiriewi« captain escape,] injury, but their
le-nujua was just as real as If they had been
bbjsa to s"••ms. fur because of the fact that
the explosive was a comparatively unknown
quantity. no one coaid te|| definite)v what
nuctrt happen
W re vug the Puritan, which is a monitor,
brings l» mind the fact that officers and men
nerving on vessels of this type undergo hard
ships of which the people of the country know
***'*• The monitor gradually Is passing as an
■core service vessel and It is not iik-ly tha*
anybody connected with the service from ad
miral down to cook s mate Is sorry for it. The
*•** •* monitor* is something intense, and
ns the waves wash over the low decks of the
•(sab uben any kind of a breere is blowing
lie- man art* confined below with no air except
mtr*> as l* jumped down to them by way of
the engine room, and this air is hot. oily and
prod active m many occasions of sickness,
caned sta sickness, but which in reality is
txdhlng at the kind, although It has all the
attendant symptoms of the real article.
The modern battleships are frightfully hot
below decks, - specially when they get into
tropical and subtropical waters. A civilian
•bo went to Panama with President Taft said
that ia his cabin when dressing for dinner he
was oh.Wed to stand directly in the draught of
a Mow pipe to prevent the profuse perspira
ivs inn so inciting" the bosom of his dress
shirt that h Would be unpresentable when he
appeared at the president's 'abb*. The ^Jier
■ si 11at la thr stat•-rooms stood at about 112
d< g»v •'«
Hots*- years ago an officer who was sta
tsmwd am a monitor was found dead in his
berth and 'he surgeon* pronounced his death
to have be-u caused by apoplexy. heat' apo
tdasy li. officers of the ship called it. An old
faavai officer In Washington has told me that
tha thermometer ia 'be cabin of the officer
who died stood st 1 lb degrees and that the
•b-alh was das solely to a heat stroke.
tm-ing the Span fib war the monitor Mian
i-motvh sa-- on blockading duty off the port
*d Havana. Cuba. The Mtantonomah is an old
atari (woollor cased la metal and with the
'i'vs just |H?pping aoove tne water, \\ non tne
sea was calm and the sky was clear the sun
beat down on the metal and the men who had
stood the night watches and were trying to
sleep suffered more severely than do the
jieople in the crowded back tenements in New
York city on a hot July night when death
walks through the streets. An officer who
served on a monitor during the Spanish war
told me that th- average tent perature for a
long period of time in his cabin was 104 de
grees.
Recently two young officers not long out
of the na\ al academy were forced to resign
from the service because they were constantly
seasick while on service on the battleships.
The young fellows stuck it out for several voy
-- ages, but when it is remembered that a seasick
man as a rule is so sick that he is perfectly
willing to die, it can be understood what these
young fellows suffered during the weeks of
the voyaging. They resigned from the navy
simply because they could not be of any serv
ice. They were sick from the moment the voy
age began until they were back once more in
port. They were competent officers and since
their resignation they have been given land
Iterths as officers of heavy artillery in the
United States army.
I asked an old naval officer recently, a man
who served on the old frigate Constitution, if
in knew of any cases of chronic seasickness
unong officers and men during the old days
of the service. He said he knew of only one
case, that of an officer who developed seasick
ness after some years of service, but that It
was thought that a slight injury to his spine
hal affected his stomach and that it was this
more than the motion of the vessel which was
the cause of his ailment.
This same veteran officer said that there
is considerable seasickness today in the navy,
although comparatively few cases that could
be called chronic, and that they were due, he
believed, more to the heat of the modern steel
vessels than to the motion caused by the
waves. In the old days of wooden ships with
sail power only, there was no heat on board
except that given out by the galley and by the
small s'ov( w hich occasionally was to be found
in the captain's cabin. The old-time ships in
winter were kept in warm climates as much as
;>osslb!e or otherwise the men would have
frozen to death.
The old wooden| vessel, Jamestown, once
•-ommanded by Commodore Perry, who opened
the ports of Japan to the commerce of the
United States, is anchored In Hampton Roads,
where it is used as a marine hospital service
station. A surgeon stationed on the Jamestown
•>nce total me that in the old days, when the
vessel was in commission the only way the
captain could warm himself without going to
the galley was to have a roundshot heated in
the stove, then dropped into a bucket of sand
to be carried aft to his cabin, where it gave
out just enough warmth to temper for a few
moments the cold of the quarters.
glnrns back to America Midshipman i mter
wood was one of two or three officers who
were assigned to the Virginius to look after it
while the towing process was on.
The life on board the Virginius is one that
it is impossible to describe. The Spaniards
had left her in such a filthy state that living
on board was intolerable even after cleasing
processes had been tried. After a few days on
board that ship the men looked as though
th°y had been through a siege of sickness.
Finally when off the Virginia capes the Vir
ginius gave every evidence of being in a sink
ing condition. She foundered quickly and the
officers and men on board escaped to the Os
sipee, being obliged to leave their belongings
behind. The beneficent United States govern
ment, because of some red tape reason or
other, declined to make good to the devoted
sailors the property which they had lost
through no fault of their own and in direct line
of duty.*
Captain Underwood was for two years in
command of the United States government sta
tion in the Samoan islands. He was consid
ered one of the handsomest men in the service
of his country. He was over six feet high,
finely proportioned and a fine physical speci
men generally. No war with man went on in
the Samoan islands, but the heat and the food
aad the devilishness of the climate generally
did the work of the battlefield. If Captain
Underwood had never been given an assign
ment at the Samoan islands it is probable
that he would have continued in the active
service until the age limit of sixty-two years
was reached. The dangers of warfare are not
the only ones by any means that navy and
army officers are obliged to meet.
It may do no harm here to recall the story
of the heroism of Lieut. James E. Beil of the
United States army, who died because ef his
devotion to duty, died at a time when no bul
lets were flying, but when an even deadlier
foe of necessity must be met. This story has
been published many times, but it has its ever
lasting lesson.
Fort Jefferson, on the T$rtugas, in August
of the year 1873 was garrisoned by battery M.
First United States artillery. Outside of the
surgeons there was only one officer. I.ieuten.
ant Bell, at the post. Capt. L. L. Langdon had
been granted a leave of absence to go north
to the bedside of his dying father. On August
28 yellow fever appeared at the post. Within
two days four of the garrison had died. Upon
the first announcement of the appearance of
the scourge Lieutenant Bell sent all the women
and children and some of the married men to
an island three miles away. Within a day or
two he sent to the same place nearly all the
well men of the garrison, retaining only
enough to nurse the sick. There could have
been no criticism of Bell’s course had he gone
with the garrison, leaving the sick to the care
of the surgeons and the nurses. He stayed and
devoted himself to the sick in the hospital, as
sisted by the men who had volunteered. The
t
He called in his first lieutenant and said: “1
have here orders transferring you immediately
to Vermont. You have done a noble work here.
There is no reason why you should stay longer.
You have been through enough of this awful
thing. Go.”
Bell said: "Captain, I don't want the order.
If I read it I supiwjse 1 shall have to obey simply
because it is an -order. You keep it in your
jiocket until the fever is over and then I'll read
it and go."
Langdon shook hands with him.
Bell went on with his work. In a few days
he lelt the hot hand of the scourge on his brow.
He went to his tent, pulled up his little camp
table and wrote an official letter to the assist
ant adjutant general at headquarters of the de
partment of the gulf. Holly Stprings. Miss. It
was a long letter, covering many pages. There
was in Bell’s heart that day the fear that be
might die and leave undone an act of duty to
others. He cherished the thought of the loyalty
of the surgeons and the enlisted men who had
so nobly performed their duties to the sick and
dying, facing the fever and death itself without
flinching. He mentioned in this official com
munication each doctor and man by name, recom
mending them for recognition at the hands of
the department. Of himself he said nothing,
his whole thought was that recognition should
be given to others.
Lieut. James E. Bell put down his pen. went
to the hospital and in three days was dead.
MARKED BY A MIRACLE
Extraordinary excitement has been caused
among the peasants in the neighborhood ot
Kiltimagh, County Mayo, this week, by a
series of what are described as miraculous hap
penings at the convent there, a Dublin corre
spondent of the St. Louis Globe-Democrat
writes.
Among the children who are being educated
by the good nuns of Kiltimagh is a girl of
thirteen, who has been an inmate of the con- ;
vent school for the last three or four years.
She is described as extremely docile and af
fectionate and more than usually religious. A
few nights ago one of the nuns was awakened [
by fearful screams from the dormitory where i
the girl slept, and on going to her she was told
that the child had had a terrible dream, in I
which she saw Christ on the cross and a sol
dier driving a lance into his side.
The nun comforted her and she went to 1
sleep, but in the morning she complained that
her arm was sore and on examination it was
found to be marked with a cross in red and
underneath the cross were the letters “I. H.
S.” A few days later a crown of thorns ap- 1
peared below the cross and the letters “I N.
R. I.,” and these were followed by the appear
ance of a chalice surmounted by a host in
red. The marks have been examined by the
parish priest. Rev. Father O'Hara, and by Dr.
Madden of Kiltimagh. who vouch for tpeir be
ing there, but decline to express any opinion as
to their cause. It is said that during the doc- ,
tor’s examination the stigmata bled freely. The
nuns maintain stoutly that the child had no op- !
portunity of inflicting the injuries, if injuries !
they be. on herself, and 1 understand arrange
ments are being made for a thorough investiga
tion of the mystery by a committee of ec- ;
clesiastlcs and medical men.
Another case illustrating in another way the
credulity which still is to be found in some
parts of Ireland has just come to light by the
prosecution at Granard of an Australian who
had been traveling the country extracting
money—not teeth—from country people who
are afflicted with toothache. Thomas Kiernan
said that the man told him he could cure him
by extracting the nerves of his teeth and that
when he consented to undergo the treatment
the man took an instrument like a long
needle, picked at his teeth awhile and then
laid what looked like a little white caterpillar
on his sleeve, saying this was the nerve and
that he would never suffer from toothacne
again.
Of course, he did suffer, and when he went to
a medical man for relief and told his story be
learned how he had been swindled.
Punishment to Fit Crime
Rigor, us but wcll-tneiited punish- .
nasal was administered by Judge Hay
do* attuuyurnrille. Pn. when Albert
'•ay. a wife-bealer. wir iaahed till he
begged (dr merry sad promised never
la strike his wife again. 'Jay'g wife,
a —all, frails woman, appeared at
i-uart cnwnd with ruts aud bruises
caused by her husband's brutality
Judge Hayden sent for the husband
vnd mot him at t^o court with a heavy
horsewhip. “Take off your coat.”
thundered the irate judge, “and get
down on your knees; there is only one
kind of punishment fitting for such
brutes as you. and you are going to
get it." Time and time again the whip
descended upon Gay's back as he
w rithed and begged for mercy. When
he Jumped up Justice Hayden thrust
him down again and lashed him once
more. Not unjil he was out of breath
did the justice stop, and then he sent
Gay home with a warning that if he
ever struck his wife again the punish
ment would be doubled.
Plan Memorial to Carlyle.
A movement is on foot for a Scot
tish national memorial to Thomas
Carlyle, the great essayist, historian
and philosopher. It is proposed to
erect statues at the village of Eccle
fechan, where the literary giant lies
buried, at Edinburg, and possibly at
Kirkcaldy and Glasgow.
How He Knew
In an assault and battery case tried
in a Cleveland court the prosecuting
witness testified at length that the
defendant had knocked him senseless
and had then kicked him for several
minutes. “If this man's attack ren
dered you unconscious." demanded
the magistrate, “how is it that you
know he kicked you when you were
down?” This question seemed to
floor the witness. He was lost in re
flection for some moments: then.
brightening, he said: *1 know it,
your honor, because that's what I
would have done to him if I’d got him
down."—Circle Magazine.
Not for Him.
"Going to see the doctor for a black
eye! Aw. clap a piece of beefsteak
on it, that 11 cure it”
“What's the sense in adopting such
a costly cure when I can perhaps get
a cheaper oceT*
EXCELLENT BARN FOR
WORKING FARM ANIMALS
I 4
Practical Plans and Illustrations of Stable for Horses and
Mules—Built Without Undue Expense
and Is Comfortable.
Floor Plan of Bam for Horses.
Recently I had occasion to design |
for a large farm a stable to hold work
horses and mules. The owner wished
true economy, yet to give the animals
all the comfort possible without undue
expense, and to have the manure
saved well, and to have the stable so
arranged that feeding, caring for the
horses and removing the manure
would be as inexpensive as possible,
writes Joseph E. Wing, in Breeders'
Gazette. After considerable thought
and getting some first-rate ideas from
his manager and himself, the follow
ing plan has been evolved. Frankly, I
think it a better stable than any that
I have yet seen published anywhere.
Tbe general plan is simple. A drive
way ten feet wide gives access to the
stalls and permits the spreader to
take out the manure. The stalls are
mostly box-stalls. SxlO feet (really the j
two-inch thickness of the partitions
off of this), and in each stall one
horse or mule is kept. The single
stalls go three to each 16-foot space.
The posts are 16 feet between cen
ters; floor joist 16 feet long; lower
rafters, 16 feet; upper rafters, 15 feet.
The feed alleys are five feet wide.
There may be bins above for oats;
hay chutes throw hay directly into
the feed alley, and several chutes i
ought to be provided. All of the frame I
is of the familiar joist frame pattern
with self-supporting roof. Hay comes ,
in at the end, although one ccmld ;
easily arrange to take it in at the mid
dle, making a harness room there and '
temporary box-stalls.
On the whole, I like that idea best,
as the bam is too long to run hay in
all from one end and doors in gables
are troublesome. The details of frame j
are not changed from what one can !
find carefully described in “Farm .
Buildings.'' a book that every intend- 1
ing builder should own. If a trans
verse driveway is put in it ought to
have at least 14 feet headroom.
The box-stalls are provided with '
heavy, durable sliding doors, made of j
plank two inches thick. I should put j
them together with small bolts. If
good tracks are used they will move
at a touch and last forever. Some
might prefer to board up the box- j
stalls higher than five feet. I see no I
need for that, but six feet will do no j
harm. It will be objected by some ;
that box-stalls SxlO feet are too small, i
I cannot agree with this. If one
urges big box-stalls it is as though he
urged the use of no box-stalls at all.
Xo one can afford very large box
stalls for work horses. In stalls SxlO
feet the horse has freedom to turn
around easily and all the comfort it
needs. If perchance some of the stalls
are desired on occasion to be used for
brood mares the partitions may some
of them or all of them be made re
movable, throwing two stalls together,
making one stall 10x16 feet.
The best way to manage harness is
to have a big hook made of three-quar
ter-inch round steel attached to a >
Elevation of Bent 40-Foot Bam.
rope and pulley right beside the stall
door so that the harness may be hung
on the hook and swung up to the ceil
ing or out of the way. The harness
room is meant for extra harness, for
repair work and so on. With these
box-stalls one will use bedding liber
ally and clean them out only once a
month or even at longer intervals.
With a trifle of care the stall will al
ways be level, the manure trodden so
hard as to be air tight and with no
fermentation. There will be no odor
in the stable and the horses will be
kept cleaner and more . comfortable
than where stalls are cleaned every
day.
As I do not like corncribs in stables
I design to place a pair of round cribs,
such as are described in ‘Farm Build
ings,” at one end of the building, a: d
these admirable little rat-proof cribs
will prove far cheaper than putting
the corn in the stable.and better in
every way. As to the problem of
straw, it is seen that there is large
provision made for hay storage. Room
may be left at each end for straw.
jtvit -—a — * ^-1
Frame Work of Box-Stall Front
which may be biown in place by the
thresher, or shredded corn stover may
be blown up there.
CLEARING UP
NEW GROUND
Irresniar Spots Along Streams
and on Hillsides Could Be
Made to Yield Bis Returns
if Trees Planted.
The time is at band when the av
erage farmer begins t- think about
clearing up new ground. Those of
them who are fortunate enough to
have any left, and those who live in
hilly countries will generally find
bushes and briars growing along the
hollows and fences.
This is the time to think of th«
wanton destruction of our forests.
Those great oaks, ash and walnuts
were but saplings once. While we do
not indorse the leaving of trees grow
in cultivated fields, every nice-shaped
sapling of a variety of value as a tim
ber tree should be left to grow.
There are thousands of small plots
of timber, where a great many of the
trees will measure two feet, and some
of them thirty inches at the stump.
These, thirty years ago, were sap
lings of four to ten inches at the
stump—oak, ash and hickory.
In Kentucky there is a grove of lo
custs, many of them fifty feet tall
and 12 and 14 Inches at the stump.
These are on a piece of land lying
alongside a country road and valued
at $100 per acre.
The seed were sown thinly, broad
cast. then thinned to stand four to
*ix feet apart. The timber is today
equal to ten times the value of th»
land, or $1,000 per acre.
If each farmer who owns land suit)
able to the growth of forest tlmbei
should set apart one-twentieth of his
land to forest. In time there would tx
timber to spare.
A great many cliffs and hillsides
along our little rivers are fit for little
else, and hill land that Is very stony
may be planted to post timber trees
with much profit.
Black locust and catalpa are tb«
most profitable for posts, the locust
to be preferred, as the manner of
growth i. much smoother and th«
quality of timber the very best.
The seeds of either may be had ol
the nurserymen. They can be sown
in drills In the garden and cultivated
two seasons by which time they are
from four to six feet tall and ready
to transplant to the permanent rows
This planting of trees should be
given earnest consideration by all
who own land, as there is no more
profitable Investment to be made thas
the planting of trees either for tim
her or fruit.
Pennsylvania Vegetables.
Pennsylvania annually grows $15,.
000,000 worth of vegetables. The Key
stone state ranks second to New York
in commercial Importance of garden
produce In the United States.
Denatured Alcohol Stills.
Farmers in New York state are or
ganlzing small companies to construcl
and operate denatured alcohol stills.
Pulp from cider mills and other bi
products will be used.
MUCH SUCCESS '
WITH POTATOES
Prince Edward Island Produces
Annual Yield of 6,000,000
Bushels—Newly Cleared
Lands Prove Best.
Prince Edward Island is one of the
most successful producers of the po
tato. Its total area under cultivation
is less than 1,800 square miles; the
annual yield of the potato crop aver
ages 6,000,000 bushels.
The most favorable results have
been obtained in fields that have not
been manured for many years. The
opinion prevails that manure pollutes
the potato and disposes it to rot be
fore and after digging. Newly-cleared
woodlands yield large crops for many
successive years without the addition
of any fertilizing. To aid exhausted
soil commercial fertilizer is used. It
has been found that lime, clinkers,
and coal ashes thrown on a field wui
set up scab. It would thus appear
that this disease may be due to me
chanical irritation In the soil. To pre
vent rot, great attention is given to
the time of digging. The best time
has been found to be when the tops
begin to grow a dark green, not when
they have turned black. When the
latter happens, the potato has already
begun to rot. By observing these
methods, a white, smooth, rounded
root of medium size is secured. The
best potatoes are shipped in boxes,
carefully selected, and marketed af
No. 1 and No. 2.
Prize for Corn Yields.
At a county fair in southern Vir
ginia this fall a prize for the largest
yield of corn per acre was awarded tc
a man who made 169 bushels. A
fourteen-year-old boy raised 135 bush
els of corn to the acre and won $22
in gold offered by the government
These yields demonstrate the possi
bilities of good farming.
In feeding aged steers quality and
type are not so essential as in feeding
calves, provided the purchase price ii
proportionate.