E NEGRO PROBLEM IN
LIBERIA
OVERTON PRICE
v v
r
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HE bn irt a set
*Jr9Sit®f of flw MpKf—UTM
«.t- t±» of Uw ant
at <i niiOi T Of Ijfwa* Att
«-r it. oMt cf the America*
War of hl->limii la 17%3 1:
awr a - • >•>-—•• *• • - i ,cr for
tl» «t«n. trw j» rte) had h«t*4
■i>V Brliara IlMMIr :a Tiia!
achr-S?; itrs «*.»*• T!r r *-r» at
Lr.t 4*9urt«4 to X :■»* Sniu. but
i at aa Harr rt*<r. .a *!e fcae.t paSUr of »t!lr
wt; Vt *•-*•» ;«a.r«r but tii* ;d«-a
ct mm'mc ft- »'a »--tror» »a* ’Ska
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fa fa ttZ4, a tea a nr** iamt *j * , -3
cai»4 Eiai. It ?~ka« «•.-£ p»* .-: 4 , .-resitr*
a!4 are: fees E4i:3ar«£. \..;r cf tv* t •^c'.
tojrtaa «*»-'' »>t» r-neii. J lata »• *
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ua«u! tr .ranira: la V-;7 Lito-rfa **s
to^t ta its e*i.r nr:,t*arr«* a*-» 4t -tar* $ mm
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A r/AT/V£T VJJLt-AGJT
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C£LT&f/A TJPTQ T,we L/OttiAft /Sr£>£P£/iD£/VC£ DAY
< f pratirrm trader his atniawtn
IMt.
The eocstittjtioti of the republic
Is framed after that of the railed
State*. There are a president. vtce
presideot. a enunci] of six ministers
and a bouse of repfimtailm. Vot
ers rat's* b of neero blood ard cunt
r*-al estate. The natives gnerallv
'o not avail then'.-'elv i*s of th* uni
lr*Ke. No foreigner can nan land
wttbact the corneat of th* govern
*-r u -it. TV* coast territory is fumed into
t: cc«:nt>s f r.a-‘t, r*pt Palmas an I Sinoe.
» . :> ot<e -u:»- stat- ndent each, and ilOot serra
o a i*h four superintend-nts. The capital is
Si aro* ia nailed after President Monroe
'i ttoaej is tired, bat American money
usually in the keeping of accounts
*fh«ee is a Liberian roina.se and a rather
—- paper ctstrencr. The offleial language
••f *be country is KngU.-h. The civilized in
.irliautr re erthdoi Prat* . lauts. mostly
npiscopaiians
r .-ring th« fifties and sixties of the Ust cen
:r\ lb* Ar-.er:eo-I.ii>-*rians did much to ex
;4ore the Interior and ester into treaty rela
•J'f.sbijn with the native chiefs. Bot thirty
r ears s-o 1h« ir adrainisxraticn beEaii to get
into dcan» is! difficulties. It is not an easy
C.lug to crea'e a weii-ordered. well governed
state in tropical Africa without a <-cnaider
able ca; ital to draw on. Consider for a mo
ment what Great Britain has spent on Sierra
I-**®1" since ITS7. an 1 on the Gold Coast wars,
the oje-nias up of Nigeria: or the outlay of
France on S*-u»sambia or Dahomey; and then
lzuagxee how the government of Liberia could
without any reserve of capital bring law. ord. r
and civ!i:xa'ioa into a d-oselv forested terri
*«"T t arly the sire o! England. with a prob
a .Mr poj niation of over a million warlike sav
aee* ard as mi sa* ages.
To losj as Britain and France —the ooatroi
: S per « r»—coni-cted theta wive* with the
u,»t * tr«tx.t!'a cf a few roast towns on the
- •■'ard of tei* V.Yst A'r'-aa dominions or
rate •!.<■ Monrovia government couid
ta do the cam*. But when there great
K :■ -an power* were by force of
i"-> ta ccr-jpy and administer the
T b-hiad their eoirts the UVe-rians
T •• d Shcjnt: Ires in a purl tka of ere at difu
c ' They f ad been allotted theoretically by
i rtMjd and ’Tagtnnd a considerable hinter
tr-osv than r '■. » jxt.* mijca—and
* h> hi mponriblt <or the d< ic?;-. of the
friU* is «-i* -usiv.. i:r rtnr. Now
’• •* tr*bss hrd n-.er le~‘a subdiud by the
f..«i-erm at the republic. They wer< many
e* *-• ac !•- irerny re'.: nooekioa with the Moa
r via »d- ::uittrr-io*. an 1 net of them as tad
si t • ? the -h..;- j r. gro government oa the
rosjt lud it em be retnen ber.-! that taneh
•• V • xt-rim- Is d asj forest. inhaoited by
tribes who lor ages Slav*- been Isolate iu that
forest, and were—and are—quite ignorant of
'he «orld outside iheir tribal land) were quite
willing to regard the Ubtriaus as the ruiiag
l*ivi er on the seashore. But the; were very
disinclined to obey orders from Monrovia if
contrary tc their on u desires.
Tlie tribes farthest inland looked upon the
British and French the •'white men"—as ag
gre- ors who w«^e putting down by force a
post lucrative slave trade, who were forcibly
disclosing the secrets of sacred streams iike
• he Niger near its sources, who. in short, were
not only to be opposed. but whose organized
territories offered a most profitable field tor
raids and robberies. More thau this: the im
imrt cl guns, gunpowder. Titles lalwive alii and
alcohol was being restricted or forbidden by
the Euroiwans. The Liberian coast, especially
where it was slenderly guarded by the Libe
rian administration, offered the one loophole
through which these forbidden goods might be
smuggled. Accordingly a great trade sprang
up between these uncontrolled hinterland
tubes and the Kru people on the coast, who
affected a sort of detachment from the govern
ment by the Ameriean-Negro republic. In
those ways the Liberian hinterland became a
positive source of danger and expense to the
w£>k or cxrr /yuA'.-w
British protectorate of Sierra i.eone and the
French possessions of the Sudan and Ivor.' ( oast
Consequently the Liberian government has
been forced of tat- >ean to live somew hat beyond
its tuear.s in organizing a police and r. marine, in
occupying the Kro coast and in attempting to
construct road? to places of importance in the
interior. It has from time to time engaged Euro
pean officers for its services; but whereas some
of these engagements have been of noteworthy
success, others have been the re'crsc. and it is
difficult to locate the blame. European capital
is somewhat shy of I.ioeria. parti.' owing to the
turbulence of the interior natives (though this
has been exaggerated, for white men very seldom
really incur danger frot - the indigenes!, bu: more
on account of ti e irresponsible fickleness of thi
legislature which is giver, toe murk lo the hasty
making and unmaking of laws and to conflicts of
opinion with the executive.
Yet the country is extremely rich. Its rocks
and river valleys produce both cold and diamonds,
some of the etas? districts (especially in the east!
even give indications of the existence of bitumen,
or oii-bearing strata, while the forests of the in
terior are remarkable for their wealth of rubber
bearing trees and lianas, their ebony. African teak
and 'mahogany,*' and the piassava fiber (derived
from the r&phia palm!, which is used for so many
purposes connected a ith the making of brooms
and brushes. Then there is the oil-palm, with its
two kinds of oil. l»alh valuable to commerce—the
oil of the husk and that of the kernel. The
extraction of this last an.l its great \ a.ue tor
special industries art said te have been dis
eovo.peu some seventy-five years ago by an
American negro, one of fhe early colonists of
Liberia. A great deal was done by tbese freed
slave settlers, for which they have never re
ceived sufficient credit
Unfortunately the attempted colonisation
of Liberia has been hindered by the American
negro colonists proving almost as much liable
10 malarial fever and other African diseases
as Europeans. Tiny seem to have lost the
relative immunity from these blood-germ ma!
adies which their African ancestors enjoyed.
The modern America-Liberian does not stand
the climate of Liberia much better than the
white maa from Europe or America. The
country is not unhealthy in the interior: it is
the coast belt which, with its eternal heat and
moisture, its very short dry seasons, and tor
rential rains (conditions which suit admirably
the cultivation of rubber, coffee and cacaoi
saps the vitality of residents not of African
birth. And the hinterland, with its superior
conditions of climate, has already a some
what large indigenous population, who are not
eager for foreign additions to their numbers.
Hiring Help In East Africa
TLe •‘servant problem" is bad enough in
America, and the experiences mistresses have
to relate are many and varied; but an infinite
ly wider range of possibilities is opened up
■alien mere man—and a bachelor at that—
tackles the servant and other household prob
lems in an East African bungalow. Anything
can happen—and dees happen!
X: live house servants of a sort are plen
tiful enough around the chief towns of Brit
ish East Africa. Nairobi and Mombasa, and the
slightest rumor that the Muxungu t white
main rc quires a “boy” or m'pezi (cookl filis
one'* compound with cooks. “gt a- ruls" and
raw niggers, representing every tribe und*r
Africa's sun. a writer in the Wide World says.
The average bachelor contents himself
with four servants—at head "boy." a cook, a
• t to" (youth) to assist them, and a m’sbenzi
traw, untrained native) for odd jobs, garden
ing etc.
it is no easy task to make a selection from
the host of eager, voluble applicants. Dirty,
carefully stuck-together "baruas" (testimoni
als) are examined and the owners questioned,
but it i.' unwise to put much faith in these
documents, for it is uo unusual occurrence for
a "boy"—on the principle of "the more the
merrier"—to proudly present you with three
testimonials, every one bearing a different
name from the one under which he introduces
himself!
These gentry are always greatly offended :
when you kick them off the veranda and teil i
them they have bought or stolen the docu
ments from other natives! Uron one occasion
a would- be ccok brought me a “barua" signed •
by a well-known settler and worded:
•'To whom it may concern: The bearer of i
this ‘barua’ is an infernal rogue and thief. !
Please kick him out."
By the time I bad stopped laughing the nig- ;
ger had arrived at the conclusion that some- I
thing v.as wrong and was doing record time !
down the path, I was unable to avail my j
seif of the kind invitation.
HORSE TRADE IN MISSOURI.
In St. Charles last week I.ester Ingraham
traded A. S. Osborn a herse for a motor boat.
A few hours later Osborn discovered that the
horse was worthless, so he went to the boat
and removed the engine and the horse died
as he was hauling it away. A jury in a jus
tice’s court awarded Ingraham the engine and
?! damages.—Detroit Free Press
The Spider and the Fly
Wtat • tiAM,«• fcas. om w»r :w
•to** ut»» »ie l«u • to* <Hsi4rr«
—»•< to be lM(t< m t»: c«f» ttoMf
er»4 to to pr*«r vrrwx of tie L*to
Iat. tont »:«*r u4 Ue Mtowt
%Or Sy via cat to to :sv.i«* to
m> to tartar. ui. ift-ttct l>r
n»y tJia«ton. to ttonr *-•«**€.
■editor totsto teat ut Um «st
rtt»Sf toif<ewM •>«< s -aarai to*
»'> •» r^ar to ito fame
to no<
eilu'WMs uf ;fe» torld Tor !
***** *'i is death acd fee «
I^retfc 'lx «rs;*T rfcalJ per t* f* I
Ac tbe rr< t.r± woett say: *Rcl. >.ov
**• sli tfcal*" No'ar we
r-*** -*“* VI 't'T that te s- 'truct
***■ t* ti«e f> u a precious boos to
v.» ux* that tfce tara
***• riteceat ay, wi-a^, ,« >;set!
** '•‘k <iar.e£ tie- w-after »■ ^-3rI (e
:k '■ f - r tears.
P'S*
:icugh our tune changed sometimes
a summer. when be bettered our
rc.»t. is one of the toast deadly ene
mies that n.ar.kind has. He I? prob
ably responsible for more sickness
■;ad death, and especially among the
children—those- to whom he was held
up once as an object lesson for sym
ratty and an ethical warning in the
fast -that any other single agent.
‘Vara and accidents, and e%en earth
quakes and Cood*. cannot be com
lareel with a ils'*® volifans for sheer
d- stiucfivc r-es*.— independent.
■Wean Trick to P'.ay or. Rival.
A characteristic anecdote is told of
Cherubini, the most jealous of the ir- 1
ritable genus of composers. He had
been prevailed upon ’o be present at j
the fir-t representation of the work of
i confrere, and. during the first acts,
which were much applauded by the
public, he had kept a gloomy silence
The third act was less favorably re
ceived and a certain passage especial
ly seemrd to cast a cold blanket o'er
the spec' a tors, when the o'-l maestro,
to the astonishment of Lis friends, was
seen to applaud heartily. "Do you
realjji like that duo?” asked one of
them; "I should have thought it was
one of the poorest and coldest In the
whole opera." "You idiot.” answered
the maestro, with genuine naivete
"don’t you see that if I did not applaud
it he might possibly cut it cut?”
Far a Clean Cellar.
V. hen whitewashing a cellar add a
taclespconful ot carho.ic scid :o everv
paillui at the vhi'ewssh. This is the
lest pur:.;* r you can nave.
FORTIFY IRE ML:
PRESIDENT WILL ASK FOR TWO
MILLION DOLLARS.
TIME TO BEGIN PROTECTION
—
President Also Wants Two Battle
ships of the Dreadnaught Style
of Construction.
Beverly, Mass.—Before leaving Bev
j erly for Boston President Taft an
i Bounced that in his message to con
gress in December he will recommend
the appropriation of $2,n00,0ot> to be
gin the work of fortifying the Panama
| canal. Mr. Taft has always favored
i the protection of the cuusti with great
j guns and he thinks the time has ar
j rived to begin the work.
The ('resident will also recommend
• to congress that provision be made
lor the two battleships of the dread
naught type Mr Taft does not be
lieve that the economy plans should
; preclude the construction of at least
i two battleships a year until such time
i as the Panama canal is completed. Ha
, believes that the canal will have the
effect of doubling the efficiency or the
navy and that after it is a operation
j the building of new battleships eau
be cut dowr. to one a ytjar
The president will reach Washing
ton next Sunday, the twenty-fifth. T >e
cabinet will begin a series of daily
, meetings oa the morning of Monday.
the twenty-sixth. Secretary Ballinger.
1 it is said, wiil attend all of the meet
ings and so far as Beverly is informed
the Ballinger case will not be taken
up. Economy of administrataion in
! all of the departments will be one of
the many subjects considered by the
i cabinet. Estimates for the coming
' fiscal year also will be considered at
great length. The president's supreme
court appointment wiil be discussed
with his cabinet advisers, although
the president has announced that he
will not make these appointments un
til after congress is in session
Argentine Shews Friendship.
Buenos Ayres.—The city has been
made cay with decorations and lights
in honor of the centenary of Chile,
which is now being celebrated.
---4—
United Irish Have Big Fund.
Dublin—At the last report the I'nit
t-d Irish Parliamentary fund amount
ed to Sr.*;.770. raised since last New
Year’s day
1
Metcalf Belts Dahlman.
; Lincoln.—Richard L Metcalfe sent
to O. H. Aldrich, republican nominee
for governor, a letter offering his
services to the David City candidate.
In his letter Mr Metcalfe says the
democratic nominee was named by
republicans.
Famous Painter Near Death.
I-os Angeles. Cal.—Paul De Long
pre. the famous paT.ter of flowers,
lies periously ill at the California
hospital, following a mastoid surgical
operation performed on hint.
Oldest Ex-Congressman Dies.
Kingwood. W. Va.—Janies Clark Mc
Grow. who claimed the distinction of
being the oldest ex-congressman in the
United States, died at his home here
Sunday in his SSth year.
Chicago Has 2.1S0.2S3.
Washington. — The population of
Chicago is 2.1 $5,283. an increase of
186.70$. or 2S.7 per cent, as compared
with 1.608.575 in 1900. The increase,
however, was not so great proportion
ately as it was in decade of 1890-1900.
| Then it was 51.4 per cent.
American Apples Liked.
Washington. — American apples
I tempt the English buyer. Tn proof of
| this statement Albert W. Swaim.
i American consul at Southampton re
i j>orts that a shipment of apples from
the Wenatchee section of the state of i
Washington commanded a higher price
than any other American apple ever of- '
fered in the open English market,
much of the shipment being sold at
from 8 to 12 cents a pound and eager
ly taken at that price. The secret of ,
success is to send good fruit
Message from Taft.
Washington.—The text of the mes
sage sent to President Diaz of Mexico
Saturday by President Taft, in refer
j ence to Mexican celebration of inde
pendence. was made public Sunday at
I the State department. It follows:
; “Upon this great anniversary allow !
! me to add to the messages of cordiali- 1
j ty taken to your excellency and the
! government and people of Mexico by j
I the spci ial ambassador and the del- '
j egates of the neighboring republics. '
I my sincerest felicitations and best j
I wishes.
Larsen Dares the Rapids.
Xiagnra Falls. X. T.—Captain Klaus ;
Larsen. .in his little motor boat, the >
j Ferro, Sunday afternoon made a sue- ;
: cessftil trip from the foot of the
j cataract through the whirlpool rapids ,
' to within a mile of Lewiston, a dis- j
j tance of four and one-half miles. He
i started from the Maid of the Mist
dock at 4:45 and ran on a rock near
the American shore at 5: SO. Despite j
the battering of the whirlpool rapids.
Ijirsen went through safely, but his
boat was leaking badly at the Snish
and throughout the trip.
NEW TYPE Or AEROPLANE.
Machine Invented Can Make Seventy
Miles an Hour.
Xew York.—Walter I*. Fairchild, an
electrical engineer of Manhattan, who
has takes up aeronautics, made a
flight at Garden City, L. I. He used (
an original type of monoplane and
successfully Sew back and forth 1
across the aviation field several j
times. Mr. Fairchild has been trying j
out the various parts of his machine !
for three weeks thinks it is likely to
develop a speed of seventy miles an
hour.
WAY TO MAKE MOCHA TART
Foundation Can 61 Made of Either a
Delicate Layer Cake or
Small Ones
Make for the foundation either a
delicate layer caa< or -mall cake's.
The filling ica.\ b* made either one
or two ways For the firs!, whip
cream io a st.fi froth. swelcn to taste,
then whip in enough extract of col'
foe to Savor and o ak* as da:., as de
sii-ed. It will require only s little, as
too much iiquettes tin cream Spread
between the layers and |>ile up or. top
in pyramid shape If desired, a little
of the mocha can t. used in the lay
ers.
KVvr ihe scs end fill: boil Mr cup
of sugar and one-halt - un black coffee
together until tfc* sirup w s threww.
Wash one cupful i>f butter in -add wa
ter to remove all th- salt then put in
a piece of cheese cloth rad pat until
the moisture is dried out Heat until
creamy, r? dtiwly {>♦ l** ;;Yet yink
ot one egv : r.d the s rnv s*:-read this
filling bets eeu layers »U one large
cake or small cakes or if preferred,
pipe it over the tops ot small cakes
6J
To make a cur of coffi almost as
nourishing as a meat stir .m it an
egg well beaten First bo»; the is
in the cur. add a littK ore*!.. at.d the*
; the sugar, and lastly the coffee ;* r*..
in gradually When addins th - > T.e.
beat constantly with a snail
| beater.
Xe houaehcal can afiord to be with
>ut a bountiful supply of » \ -d paper
tf bought in quantity it is tr ;seh cheap
sr and is always ir, readiness whoa
wanted. Among its various use> it
makes an excellent cover for bor
rowed books, as it does cot tear sc
easily as other papers and the s are
> keeps it from soiling so soon. Tb.s
palmer is better than a tablecloth te
turn out hot cakes upon, and if bread,
cake or sandwiches are wrapped in it
they keep fresh much leaser who*
prepared for picnics. It shossld also
be used to w rap deviled eggs. h..ta or
other picnic foods that atv greasy er
soft. One woman eves makes a f.rot
cornucopia of it to hold pickles or prw
serves.
Dark Cakt.
The following recipe is for U dark
cake, which make# cither ene largo
cake or two small ones: Twe cupfuls
of light brown sugar, one-half cupful
of dark molasses two cupfuls of sour
milk, one-half . upful of butter or oleo
margarine. four cupfuls of flour two
teaspoonfuls of soda, one teasjv-onful
of cloves or allspice, one an 1 one-half
cupfuls of raisins. By adding more
fruit will make a fruit cake.
Ginger Snaps.
One cupful of molasses and brewr.
sugar, one cupful of melted shortening
-butler or butter and lard—on*
■ cupful of hot coffee two level tea
spoonfuls of soda mixed with the mo
lasses, one level teaspoonful of ginger
one scant ter.spoonful of salt and
enough sifted flour to mix a stiff
dough. Let stand over night, roll out
I thin, cut in circles, and bake in *
moderate even.
Butter Thins.
Fine and keep wall. Three cups
of flour, one cup butter, one-hall tea
sooon soda, all rubbed together. In
another dish hare three cess, two
cups of granulated sugar, one tea
spoon vanilla <or any flavor desired»
Mix with flour sufficient to roll. Roll
thin and bake In quick oven, using
oire not to burn on bottom Cut in
any desired shape.
Breakfast Tcmatees.
Wash, but do not peel. firm, smooth
tomatoes. Cut In thick slices, dust
with fine corn meal. Fry to a rich
brown in smoking hot drippings or
oil. and pile neatly on a hot plSttet
| with a piece of butter on each slice
These make a nice accompaniment to
lamb or veal croquette*.
Short Sheets.
If you have trouble with your sheets
; pulling from the foot of brass beds or
Iron ones, sew three buttons on the
foot of mattress and make strong but
| tonholes in lower hem of sheets tc
correspond with buttons, and button
down, and you will hare no trout'*
with them pulling «P at foot
Turnip Cups With Peas.
Fare white turnips of medium sire
scoop out hollows to form cups, an !
cook in an uncovered kettle until
white and transparent. Flace a sm. ill
piece of butter in each cur e.nd
sprinkle with parsley, salt and p-'P
per. Fill the cups with cooked mva
peas.
Very Sweet Fudge. •
Two cups of brown sugar, two cups
of granulated sugar, cn cup of a- Ik.
a teaspoonful of vanilla and two
squares (four ounces) of chocolate,
good sir-cd lump of butter Cook as
directed for plain fudge Bert very
hard. y
Harlequin Fudge.
Fse either the rule for plain fudge
or delicious fudge, and when the mix
ture has been beaten until creamy
pour over seeded raisins, dried cur
rants and chopped pecans, mixed well
together and spread thickly on bot
tom of pan.
Chicken in Peas.
Cut the chicken into joints, as for a
fricassee or currie, and put into a
saucepan with a quart of young shelled
peas, one spoonful of butter, one small
sliced onion, one spring of parsley,
moisten with drippings, dusting with
flour. Stew, covered, until done. Add
a little salt and sugar just before
serving.