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About The Loup City northwestern. (Loup City, Neb.) 189?-1917 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 20, 1910)
URGES CONSERVATION OF THE NATION’S RESOURCES President Taft Sends Special Message to Con gress Recommending Prevention of Land Frauds, Control of Water Power, Fos tering of Soils and Kindred Subjects Washington. Jan. 14.—Following Is the complete text of the special mes sage on the conservation of the na tion’s resources sent to the senate and house of representatives by Pres ident Taft to-day: To the Senate and House of Representa tives: In my annual message I reserved the subject of the conservation or our na tional resources for disposition in a spe cial message, as follows: In several departments there Is pre sented the necessity for legislation look ing to the further conservation of our national resources, and the subject ts one of such importance as to require a more detailed and extended discussion than Can be entered upon in this communica tion. For that reason I shall lake an early opportunity to send a special mes sage to congress on the subject of the Improvement of our waterways, upon the reclamation and Irrigation of arid, seini arid and swamp lands, upon the preser vation of our forests and the re-foresting of suitable areas; upon the re-classltica tion of the public domain with a view of separating from agricultural settlement mineral, coal and phosphate lands and sites belonging to the government bor dering on streams suitable for the utili sation of water power In 1SG0 we had a public domain of I.IKS. 911,2SS acres. We have now 731.3M.081 acres, confined largely to the mountain ranges and the arid and semi-arid plains. We have. In addition, 36X.035.975 acres of land in Alaska Disbursement of Public Lands. The public lands were, during the earli est administrations, treated as a national asset for the liquidation of the public debt and as a source of reward for our soldiers and sailors, l.ater on they were donated in large amounts in aid of the construction of wagon roads and rail ways. In order to open up regions In the west then almost Inaccessible All the principal land statutes were enacted more than a quarter of a eentnrv ago The homestead aet. the pre-emption and tim ber-culture act. the coal land and the mining acts were among these The rapid disposition of the public lands under the earlv statutes, and the lax methods of distribution prevailing, due, l think, to the belief that these lands should rapidly pass Into private owner ship. gave rise to the Impression that the public domain was legitimate prey for the unscrupulous and that it was not contrary to good morals to circumvent the land laws. This prodigal manner of disposition resulted in the passing of large areas of valuable land and many of our national resources into the hands of persons who felt little nr no responsi bility for promoting the national wel fare through their development. Fraudulent Titles. The truth Is that title to millions of acres of public lands was fraudulently obtained and that the right to recover a large part of such lands for the govern ment long since ceased bv reason of stat utes of limitations. There has developed In recent years a dr< concern in the public mind respecting the preservation and proper use of our natural resources. This has been particularly directed toward the conservation of the resources of the public domain A vast amount of discussion has appeared in the public plints in generalized form on this sub ject, but there has been little practical suggestion. It has been ea*=y to sav that the natural resources in fuel supply, in forests, in water power, and in other public utilities, must be saved from waste, monopoly, and other abuses, and the general public Is in accord with this proposition, as they are with most truisms. The problem, however. Is how to save and how to utilire. how to con serve and still develop, for no sane per son can contend that it is for the com mon good that nature's blessings are only for unhorn generations Noteworthy Reforms. Among the most noteworthy reforms Initiated by my distinguished predecessor were the vigorous prosecution of land frauds and the bringing to public atten tion of the necessity for preserving the remaining public domain from further epoliation. for the maintenance and ex tension of our forest resources, and for the enactment of laws amending the ob solete statutes so as to retain govern mental control over that part of the pub tic domain in which there are valuable deposits of coal, of oil. and of phosphate, t.nd, in addition thereto, to preserve con trol. under conditions favorable to the jublic. of the lands along the streams in which the fall of water can he made to generate power to be transmitted in the form of electricity many miles to the point of its use, known as "water power” sites. The Investigations Into violations of the public land laws and the prosecution of land frauds have been vigorously con tinued under my administration, as has been the withdrawal of coal, lands for classification and valuation and the tem porary withholding of power sites Since March 4. 19v9, temporary withdrawals of pow-er sites have been made on 102 streams and these withdrawals therefore cover 229 per cent, more streams than were covered by the withdrawals made prior to that date. The present statutes, except so far as they dispose of the precidus metals and the purely agricultural lands, are not adapted to carry out the modern view of the best disposition of public lands to private ownership, under con ditions offering on the one hand suffi cient inducement to private capital to take them over for proper develop ment, with restrictive conditions on the other which shall secure to the public that character of control which will prevent a monopoly or misuse of the lands or their products. The power of the secretary of the interior to with draw from the operation of existing statutes tracts of land, the disposition of which under such statutes would be detrimental to the public interests. Is not clear or satisfactory. This power has been exercised in the interest of the public, with the hope that congress might affirm the action of the execu tive by laws adapted to the new condi tions. Unfortunately, congress has not thus far fully acted on the recommen dations of the executive, and the ques tion as to what the executive is to do Is under the circumstances, full of difficulty. It seems to me that it is the duty of congress now. by a statute, to validate the withdrawals which have been mad* -oy the secretary of the Interior and the president and to use the secretary of the interior temporar ily to withdraw lands pending submia iion to congress o9. .recommendations as to legislation to meet conditions or emergencies as they arise. Properly to Classify Lands. One of the most pressing needs in the matter of public-land reform is that lands should be classified accord ing to their principal value use. This ought to be done bv that or department whose force is best adapted to that work It should be done by the inter ior department through the geological survey. Much of confusion, fraud, and contention which has existed in the present has arisen from the lack of an official and determinative classifi cation of the public lands and their contents. If is now proposed to dispose of ag ricultural lands rs such, and at the same time to reserve for other disposi tion the treasure of coal. oil. ashphal tum. natural gas and phosphate con tained therein This may be best ac complished1 by separating the right to mine from the title to the surface, giving the necessary use of so much of the latter as may be required for the extraction of the deposits. The sur face might he disposed of as agricul tural land under the general agricul tural statutes, while the coal or other mineral could be disposed of by lease on a royalty basis, with the provisions requiring a certain amount of develop ment each year: and in order to pre vent the use and cession of said lands with others of similar character so as to constitute a monopoly forbidden by law. the lease should contain suitable provision subieeting to forfeiture the interest of persons participating in such monopoly. Such law should ap ply to Alaska as well as to the United States. Statute Difficult to Frame. Tt is exoeedlngly difficult to frame a statute to retain government control over a property to be developed by private capital In such a u.anner as to secure the governmental purpose and at the same time not frighten aray the investment of the necessary capital Hence. It may be necessary bv laws that are really only experi mental to determine from their prac tical operation what is the best method of securing the result aimed at The extent of the value of phosphate is hardly realized, and with the need that there will be for it as the years roll on and the necessity for fertiliz ing the land shall become more acute, this will be a product which will prob ably attract the greed of monopolists. Public Land Alonq Streams. With respect to the public land which lies along the streams offering opportunity to convert water power into transmissible electricity, another important phase of the public land quest tun is presented There are val uable water power sites through all the public land states. The opinion is held that the transfer of sovereignty from the federal government to the territorial governments as they become states, included the water power in the rivers except so far as that owned by riparian proprietors. I do not think it necessary to go into discussion of this somewhat mooted question of law. It seems to me sufficient to say that the man who owns and controls the land along the stream from which the power Is to be converted aftd trans mitted. owns land which is indispens able to the conversion and use of that power. I cannot conceive how the power In streams flowing through pub lic lands can be made available at all except by using the land itself as the site for the construction of the plant by which the power is generated and converted and securing a right of way thereover for transmission lines. Un der these condition, if the government owns the adjacent land—indeed, if the government is the riparian owner—it may control the use of the water power by imposing proper conditions on th* disposition of the land necessary In the creation and utilization of the water power. Value of Water Power. The development in electrical appli ances for the conversion of the water power into electricity to be transmitted long distances has progressed so far that it is no longer problematical, but it is a certain inference that in the future the power of the water falling in the strearrs to a large extent will take the place of natural fuels. In the disposition of the domain already granted, many water Dower sites have come under absolu ;e ownership, and may drift into one own ership. so that all the water power under private ownership shall be a monopoly, if. however, the water power sites now owned by the government—and there are ; enough of them—shall be disposed of to private persons for the Investment of their capital in such a way as to prevent their union for purposes of monopoly with other water power sites, and under conditions that shall limit the right of use to not exceeding thirty years with renewal privileges and some equitable means of fixing terms of rental and with proper means for determining a reasonable grad uated rental, it would seem entirely pos sible to prevent the absorption of these most useful lands by a power monopoly. As long as the government retains con trol an«l can prevent their improper union with other plants, competition must be maintained and prices kept reasonable:. Soils Must Be Conserved. In considering the conservation of i;he natural resources of the country, the fea ture that transcends all others, including woods, waters, minerals, is the soil of the country. It is incumbent upon the gov ernment to foster by all available means the resources or the country that produce the food of the people. To this end the conservation of the soils of the country should be cared for with all means at the government's disposal. Their productive powers should have the attention of our scientists that we may conserve the new soils. Improve the old soils, drain wet soils, ditch swamp soils, levee river over flow soils, grow trees on thin soils, pas ture hillside soils, rotate crops on all soils, discover methods for cropping dry land soils, find grasses and legumes for all soils, feed grains and mill feeds on the farms where they originate, that the soils from which they come may be en riched. A work of the utmost importance to in form and instruct the public on this chief branch of the conservation of our re sources is being carried on successfully In the department of agriculture; but it ought pot to escape public attention that state action In addition to that of the de partment of agriculture fas for instance in the drainage of swamp lands) is es sential to tlie best treatment of the soils ia the manner above indicated. The act by which, in semi-arid parts of the publfe domain, the area of i.ie home stead has been enlarged from 160 to 220 acres has -resulted most beneficially in the extension or '’dry farming” and in the demonstration which has been made of the possibility, through a variation in the character and mode of culture, of raising substantial crops without the presence of such a supply of water as has been heretofore thought to be neces sary for agriculture. But there are millions of acres of com pletely arid land in the public domain which, by the establishment of reservoirs for the storing of water and the irri gation of the lands, may be made much more fruitful and productive than the best lands in a climate where the mois ture comes from the clouds. Congress i recognized the importance of this method of artificial distribution of water on the arid lands by the passage of the reclama tion act. The proceeds of the public lands creates the fund to build the works needed to store and furnish the neces sary water, and it was left to the secre tary of the interior to determine what projects should be started among those suggested and to direct the reclamation i service, with the funds at hand and through the engineers in its employ, to construct the works. No one can visit the far west and the country of arid and semi-arid lands with out being convinced that this is one of the most important methods of the con servation of our natural resources that the government has entered upon. It would appear that over 30 projects have been undertaken, and that a few of these are likely to he unsuccessful be cause of lack of water, or for other rea sons. hut generally the work which has been done has been well done, and many important engineering problems have been m<*t and solved. Funds Inadequate for Service. One of the difficulties which has arisen is that too many projects in view of the available funds have been set on foot. The funds available under the reclamation statute are inadequate in complete these projects within a reasonable time. And yet the projects have been begun; settlers have been nvited to take up and. in many in stances. have taken up. the public land within the projects, reiving upon their prompt completion. The failure to complete the projects for their benefit is. in effect, a breach of faith and leaves them in a most distressed con dition. I urge that the nation ought to afford the means to lift them out of the very desperate condition in which they now are. This condition does not indicate any excessive waste or any corruption on the part of the reclamation service. Tt only indicates an over-zealous desire to extend the benefit of reclamation to as many acres and as many states as possible. I recommend, therefore., that authority be given to issue, not exceeding $30,000,000 of bonds from time to time, as the secretary of the interior shall find it necessary, the proceeds to be applied to the comple tion of the projects already begun and their proper extension, and the bonds running ten years or more to be taken up by the proceeds of returns to the reclamation fund, which returns, as the years go on. will increase rapidly in amount. I here is no doubt at all that ir these bonds were to be allowed to run ten years, the proceeds from the public lands, together with the rentals for water furnished through the completed enterprises, would quickly create a sinking: fund largre enough to retire the bonds within the tim»* specified. T j hope that, while the statute shall pro vide that these bonds nr** to be paid out of the reclamation fund, it will he drawn in such a way as to secure in terest at the lowest rate, and that the credit of the I’nited States will be pledgred for their redemption. 1 urge consideration of the recom mendations of the secretary of the interior in his annual report for amendments of the reclamation act. proposing: other relief for settlers on these projects New Law Requisite. Respecting the comparatively small timbered areas on the public domain not included in national forests because of their isolation or their special value for agricultural or mineral purposes, it is ap parent from the evils resulting by vir tue of the imperfections of existing laws for the disposition of timber lands that the acts of June 3. 1S7S. should be re pealed and a law enacted for the dispo sition of the timber at public sale, the lands after the removal of the timber to be subject to appropriation under tlie agricultural or mineral land laws What I have said is really an epitome of the recommendations of the secretary of the interior in respect to the future conservation of the public domain in his present annual report. Tie has given close attention to the problem of disposi tion of these lands under such conditions as to invite the private capital necessary to their development on the one hand, and the maintenance of the restrictions necessary to prevent monopoly and abuse from absolute ownership on the other. These recommendations are incorporated in bills he has prepared, and they are at the disposition of the congress. I earnest ly recommend that all the suggestions which he has made with respect to these lands shall be embodied in statutes and. especially, that the withdrawals already made stall be validated so far as neces sary and that doubt as to the authority of the secretary of the interior to with draw lands for the purpose of submitting recommendations as to future disposition of them where new legislation Is needed shall be made complete and unquestioned. Disposition of Forest Reserves. The forest reserves of the United States, some 190,000,000 acres in extent, are under the control of the department of agriculture, with authority adequate to preserve them and to extend their growth so far as that may he practicable. The importance of the maintenance of our forests cannot he exaggerated. The possi bility of a scientific treatment of forests so that they shall be made to yield a large return in timber without really re ducing the supply has been demonstrated in other countries, and we should work toward the standard set by them as far as their methods are applicable to our conditions. Upwards of four hundred millions acres of forest land in this country are in pri vate ownership, but only three per cent, of it is being treated scientifically ami with a view to the maintenance of the forests The part played by the forests in the equalization of the supply of water on watersheds is a matter of discussion and dispute, but the general benefit to be derived by the public from the extension of forest lands on watersheds and the promotion of the growth of trees tn places that are now denuded and that once had great flourishing forests, goes without saying. The control to be exer cised over private owners in their treat ment of the forests which they own is a matter for state and not national regu lation. because there is nothing in the constitution that authorizes the federal government to exercise any control over forests within a state, unless the forests are owned tn a proprietary way by the federal government Improvement of River. I come now to the improvement of the inland waterways. He would be blind indeed, who did not realize that the peo ple of the far west, and especially those of the Mississippi valley. have been aroused to the need there is for the im provement of our inland waterways. The Mississippi river, with the Missouri on the one hand and the Ohio on the other, would seem to offer a great nat ural me ins of interstate transportation and traffic. How far. if properly improved they would relieve the railroads or sup plement them in respect to the bulkier and cheaper commodities is a matter of conjecture. No enterprise ought to be undertaken the cost of which is not def initely ascertained and the benefit and advantage of which are not known and | assured by competent engineers and other j authority. When, however, a project of a definite character for the improvement of a waterway has been developed so that the plans have been drawn, the cost definitely estimated, and the traffic which will be accommodated is reason ably probable I think it is the duty of congress to undertake the project and make provision therefor in the proper ap propriation bill. One of the projects which answers the description I have given is that of intro ducing dams into the Ohio river from Pittsburg to Cairo, so as to maintain at all seasons of the year, by slack water, a depth of nine feet. Upward of seven of these dams have already beer con structed and six are under construction, while the total required is 50. The re* rnaining cost is known to be $63,000,000. It seems to me that in the development of our inland waterways it would bi wise to begin with this particular project and carry it through as rapidly as m if be. I assume from reliable informatinj that it can be constructed economicallj in ten years. I recommend, therefor** that the public lands, in river and har« bor bills, make provision for continuing contracts to complete this improvement, and 1 shall recommend in the future, if it be necessary, that bonds be issued to carry it through. What has been said of the Ohio river is true in a less complete way of the im provement of the upper Mississippi from St. Paul to St. Louis to a constant depth of six feet, and of the Missouri, from Kansas City to St. Louis to a constant depth of six feet and from St. Louis lo Cairo of a depth of eight feet. These projects have been pronounced practical by competent boards of army engineers, * their • ost has been estimated and there , bind ness which will follow the im prove merit. As these improvements are being made, and the traffic encouraged by them shows ( tself of sufficient importance, the ‘im- : proveinent of the Mississippi beyond Cairo down to the gulf, which is now going on with the maintenance of a depth of nine feet everywhere, may be changed , to another and greater depth if the neves- j sitv for it shall appear to arise out of the | traffic which can be delivered on the river at Cairo. Cheap Rail Rate Necessary. I am informed that the investigation by the waterways commission in Europe shows that the existence of a waterway by no means assures traffic unless there is traffic adapted to water carriage at cheap rates at one end or the other of the stream. It also appears in Europe that the depth of the streams is rarely , more than six feet, and never more than nine. But It is certain that enormous quantities of merchandise are transported over the rivers and canals in Germany and France and England, and it is also certain that the existence of such meth ods of traffic materially affects the rates which the railroads charge, and it is the best regulator of those rates that we have, not even excepting the govern mental regulation through the interstate commerce commission. For this reason, I hope that this congress will take such steps that it may he called the inaugu rator of the new system of inland water ways. For reasons which it is not nec essary here to state, congress has seen tit to order an investigation into the in terior department and the forest service of the agricultural department. The re sults of that investigation are not needed to determine the value of. and the ne cessity for. the new legislation which I have recommended in respect to the pub lic lands and in respect to reclamation. I earnestly urge that the measures be tak en up and disposed of promptly without awaiting the investigation which has been determined upon. WILLIAM H. TAFT. A Bird’s Savings Bank. Tn California the woodpecker stores acorns away, although he never eats them. He bores several holes, differ ing slightly in size, at the fall of the year, invariably in a pine tree. Then he find an acorn, which he adjusts to onp of the holes prepared for its re ception. But he does not eat the acorn, for, as a rule, he is not a vegetarian. His object is storing away the acorns ex hibits foresight and a knowledge of results more akin to reason than to instinct. The succeeding winter the acorns remain intact, but, becoming saturated, are predisposed to decay, when they are attacked by maggots, which seem to delight in this special food. It is than that the woodpecker reaps the harvest his wisdom has pro vided. at a time when, the ground be ing covered with snow, he would ex perience a difficulty otherwise in ob taining suitable or palatable food. His “Penitentiary Den.” “And now I mnst show you what I rail my penitentiary den.” said a popu lar author. "This" he continued, as he drew open a door, "is where I oc casionally spend an hour or so when I am developing symptoms of that by no means uncommon malady among suc cessful men called ‘swelled head.’ " The room was a charming little snuggery about seven feet square, the only remarkable feature of which was the wall-covering. “If you look close ly,” explained the host, “you will see that my wall paper consists, on two sides of the rom, of those too-familiar and unw-elcome printed forms on which editors express their regrets at declining one's pet manuscripts.” Zoological Puzzle. Italian zoologists have a puzzle to solve, owing to the discovery on Mount Blanc of the body of a white bear, which has been brought to Aosta. It was thought at first that the bear must have died some three hundred years ago, and must have been pre served by the ice, since it has always been held that white bears vanished from the Alps three centuries ago. But it has since been demonstrated that death could only have taken place a few days previous to discovery. At this would seem to show that there are still white bears in the Alps, ex peditions are to be sent to test the theory. Tooly Lural! “How far is it between these two towns?" asked the lawyer. “About four miles as the flow cries." replied the witness. "You mean as the cry flows.” “No,” put in the judge, "he means as the fly crow’s.” And they all looked at each other, i feeling that something was wrong.— ! Everybody’s Magazine. CHASE GAME IN MOTOR CARS New Sport That Is Said to Be Popular Among Hunters in West ern Kansas. Automobiles are revolutionizing methods of hunting wild game in western Kansas. A wolf hunt under the new plan is most exciting. One runs the automobile and another does the shooting. A machine can run miles and miles on the open prairie of the west without coining in contact with a fence or a creek. When a wolf or coyote is scared up the auto mobile takes after him. A wolf runs in an easy circle. He doesn't dodge back and forth. So it is comparative ly easy for the driver to keep right behind him. Eut the automobile must have great speed. A coyote can run 30 miles an hour with ease. A few days ago some Gar den City hunters ran down a coyote and killed him with the wheels. That was considered a great hunting feat When hunters used to chase coyotes on horses and with dogs there was never a record of where they drove the coyotes to their dens. But it is different with automobiles. Coyotes run until they are about to be taken in and then make for their dens In order to "smoke them out" the driver attaches a rubber tube to the gas tank of his car and runs the other end down in the hole. That sood brings the coyote out, and the race is resumed until the animal is bagged.— Chicago News. Carver of Figureheads. William Southworth. the city's old est wood carver, died the other day at the age of S3 years He estimated, only a short time before his death, that he had made carvings for more than 500 vessels His principal work w-as the carving of figureheads for vessels, this beln^' a lucrative and im portant occupation at one time, until the rise of commercialism blotted out the poetic significance of these models.—Bath Correspondence of Lew iston (Me.) Journal. BRONZE TURKEY RESULT OF SCIENTIFIC CROSS Beautiful Filch Plumage and Its Size Comes from Wild Progenitor and to Maintain Qualities Crosses Are Made. The Bron ze Turkey. The bronze turkey probably origi nated from the cross between the wild and the tame turkey. Its beautiful, rich plumage and its size have come from its wild progenitor. To maintain these desirable qualities crosses are continually made. In this way the mammoth size has been gained. Their standard weight ranges from 16 to 36 pounds, according to age and sex. Probably more of this variety are grown each year than of all others They have been pushed on all sides almost to the exclusion of the others j until within a year or two. If possible ; the bronze turkey has developed too | much in the direction of size. While size, within reasonable limits, is to be I desired and encouraged, when it is I confined to length of thigh and shank, it is a gain of weight with but little additional value. The coloring of this variety is a ground of black blazoned or shaded with bronze. This shading is rich and glowing. and when the sun’s rays are reflected from these colors they shine like polished steel. The female is not as rich in color as the male, but both have the same color and shadings Much of this richness of color is lost through inbreeding, as it is improved by each cross with the wild specimens. Of all our domestic fowls none suffer from inbreeding so much as turkeys This should be guarded against at all times, if it is hoped to gain the best results. ASH SIFTER FOR SAVING COAL An ash sifter for saving the un burned coal and coke should find a place in every woodshed or coalhouse. A home-made sifter that will answer every purpose for which a sifter is used may be built by almost any man or boy, as shown in the accompanying illustration. It may be built of old dry goods boxes, or any old lumber, and the boys will enjoy sifting the ashes. If placed outside, cover the roof with any of the roofing felts now on the market. As shown in the end view, an old tub or box is placed in the center of the structure for catch ing the sifted ashes, the two pieces DD, are for catching any ashes that may fall outside of the tub. The ashes are poured through the small spout C, which should have a hinged door as shown. The sifter rests in the wood frame A, and is removed for cleaning through the door E. The sifter may be covered with screen wire. The build ing should be four or five feet square and about five feet high in front, and four feet at the rear. A door must be Cut in the rear side for removing the tub, as shown in the rear view. Much coal and coke will be saved during the season, to say nothing of the many uses that will be found for the screened ashes. If the building is con structed of boxes, or lumber found around the place, the cost to build the entire device will be less than twc dollars. CONCRETE CISTERN PLATFORM Make a square box of 2xl0-inch stuff, any size you want the p'atform. Six feet square is a nice size. Cut out the pieces as shown in the cut so the frame will fit the crown of the cistern. Clean off all the earth and old matter. Set the frame level and about two inches lower than the cistern curb. This will give fall suffl cient to lead all water away from the pump. Make a mixture of cement and sand or gravel. Put cement five parts sand and gravel. Mix all together, dry then add water to make a stiff mortar. Pack in the form and smooth off with a straight-edged board. Run a seam from each corner to the crown to pre vent cracking. Adopting a Lamb. In case an ewe loses her lamb she should be made to adopt a twin, and this is often a difficult thing to do. One of the best methods is to strip the skin from the dead lamb while it is yet warm and place it over the body of the lamb that is to be adopted, ty ing it on by wrapping a light string about it many times. Then if this lit tle orphan in another’s clothing is placed with the mother, nine times out of ten she will adopt it without pro test. As soon as the lamb has suckled two or three times the skin may be re moved and no further difficulty will be experienced. Feed the Lambs. The lambs that are to remain on the farm should not be forced so fast. They need plenty of food, but the grain ration should be small and no 30m should be used. They should be given plenty of exercise and an abund ince of good pasture when possible, ^orn tends to fatten, and will produce mcertain breeders of short season. .Vheat bran and oats are probably the safest food materials that can be used. Food Cost. On farms that grow grain and where there is much waste grain r.hat the chickens eat. the cost of feeding a hen for one year would probably not ex ceed 75 cents; but where all the feed has to be purchased and paid for at market prices the cost wil vary from $1 tc $1.50 per fowl. The coat of rais ing pullets will usually be offset by the price received for the hens when they are marketed. If properly cared for and fattened, the surplus cockerels should be marketed at a profit. The Dairy Cow. The cow alone of all domestic ani mals is able to utilize profitable farm land worth $150 an acre and up The raiser and seller of grain or hay cannot use such land; it is too costly for the production of beef or mutton or pork, save as the hog is a by product of the dairy. The silo is in dispensable on such land, s.s is well kept poultry. The Orchard. You can double the value of your or chard in one year when properly treated. CHICAGO MERCHANT MAKES STATEMENT. After Spending Thousands of Dollars and Consulting the Most Eminent Physicians, He Was Desperate. CHICAGO, Ills.—Mr. J. G. Becker, of 134 Van Buren St., a well-known wholesale dry goods dealer, states as follows: "I have had catarrh for more than thirty years. Have tried everything on earth and spent thousands of dollars for other medicines and with physicians, without getting any lasting re lief, and can say to you that I have found Peruna the only rem edy that has cured me per manently. "Peruna has also cured my wifeofcatarrh. Shealwayskeeps it in the house for an attack of i cold, which it invariably cures in a very short time.” KOW- KURE is not a ‘'food”—it is a medicine, and the only medicine in the world for cows only. Made for the cow and, as its name indicates, a cow cure. Barrenness, retained after birth, abortion.scours, caked udder, and all similar affections positively and quickly cured. No one who keeps cows, whether many or few, can afford to be without KOW KURE. It is made especially to keep cows healthy. Our book “Cow Money” sent FREE. Ask your local dealer for KOW-KURE or send to the manufacturers. DAIRY ASSOCIATION CO. Ljndonvllle, Vt Nebraska Directory After Curing Yourself of CONSTIPATION by using Uncle Sam Breakfast Food You will continue to use it because it is a delightful breakfast dish. If you don’t know it’s merits ask your grocer He Certainly Knows JOHN DEERE PLOWS ARE THE BEST ASK YOUR LOCAL DEALER OR JOHN DEERE PLOW CO., OMAHA, NEB. 2-Ib. Red Cans Paxton’s Per lb. 25c 2-lb. Air-tight Sealed Cans Positively the highest value you can get anywhere for the money. You know you are always getting the same when you buy PAXTON’S Gas Roasted in red sealed cans. Ask Your Grocer for It MILLARD hotels:; ^ American--$2.00 par day and upwards. European-- si.00 per day and upwards* OMAHA Take Dodge Street Car at Union Depot. ROME MILLER TYPEWRITERS ttU \ to 4 Mfr's price, men in. " * * irr s price. Caen or time pay* Rented, rent applies. We ship re for free examination. No lany where t Writs *i B I' Ssuim Co .4*7 Woodman Hld| Oraaka. Writs %r bi* bargain list an l off«*r TAFT'S DENTAL ROOMS 1517 Douglas SI., OMAHA, NEB. Reliable Dentistry at Moderate Prieok dirds & Animals kinds Mounted J. E. WALLACE, Taxidermist and Furrier •020 Lake Street OMAHA, NEB. DEFIANCE STARCH Save the Baby—Use Should be given at once when the little one coughs. It heals the del icate throat and protects the lungs from infection—guaranteed safe and very palatable. All Druggists, 25 cents.