■
I Editor's Note.—This account of a sev
••nteeth century scientific expedition was
published in the Auburn (III.) Citizen.
March 18. 1SSS. as an item of local in
terest. there living at that place at that
lime many descendants of Pauly, tiro en
gineer—the Poleys. Parkses, Fosters, and
other families being represented in the
list. The original manuscript in French
was in tlie possession of John Pauley of
Kansas, who was at the time of the pub
lication visiting his Illinois kinsmen.
This account is particularly interest
ing at this time, as it describes the con
ditions prevailing on the coast of Cali
fornia. in 1769, an event fittingly' celebrat
ed by the Golden Gate City.
The malady described by Pauly', which
decimated the ranks of the French expe
dition, occurred at the same time as sev
eral other writers mention a very severe
prevalence of scurvy in California, and
was probably the same.]
_ . / y
HE observation of the tran
sit of Venus on the 3d of
June, 1796, was an object
6f interest to all the
learned. The Koyal Acad
emy of Sciences proposed
to the king, Louis XV., to
make the necessary outlay to send to
California for this purpose. The late
M. L'Abbe Chappe undertook this voy
age with a courage worthy of his zeal
for the progress of science. I was se
lected to accompany him and we set sail for Mex
ico in the month of September, 1768.
After a perilous voyage of about 3,000 leagues,
we arrived in Mexico on Easter day, 1769. Time
was passing; we stopped but eight days to re
fresh ourselves. The viceroy procured us mules
and provisions, and we undertook to perform by
land a part of the remainder of our travels, which
was about 300 leagues. Amid lofty mountains,
dreadful precipices and arid deserts, we encoun
tered new dangers every day. We failed from
fear a thousand times. We were also oppressed
by the excessive heat, which left us hardly
strength enough to drag ourselves. A thousand
Insects of every species gave us no rest by day or
night, and we had constantly to be on our guard
against the very ferocious beasts with which the
country is covered. Moreover, we lacked the nec
essaries of life, for the provisions that we got in
Mexico had been spoiled by the heat. We were
obliged to live on wild cattle and whatever fruits
wo could find here and there. We made our halts
near some river or spring, that we might slake
the burning thirst with which we were constantly
consumed; to find one it was often necessary to
inarch a whole day’s journey.
miMCU 1U IUC till 11*5 *»* OX/111C VUUCj! U1 UU
the side of some hill, we would endeavor to take
upon the ground (et a la belle etollle), the repose
which our cruel fatigue rendered so necessary.
When scarcely asleep we were often aroused by
a storm, and then by the impetuous torrents that
came down upon us from the heights of the moun
tains. Many a dark night we had to save our
selves and our equipage, fearful at every step of
tumbling down some of the precipices.
After running a thousand risks we arrived at
last at the port of San Bias, on the Pacific ocean;
thence vve embarked for California on a brigan
tine which the viceroy of Mexico had had pre
pared. The Pacific ocean, although very tran
quil. is not the less dangerous on account of the
(vigics) with which it is filled.
The great calm which prevailed at that time
caused us. to despair of arriving in time to accom
plish the object of our voyage. After six weeks'
sailing, during which wo made but 150 leagues,
on the greatest breadth of the sea, the shortness
of the time caused us to risk a hazardous exploit.
The part of California near which we found our
selves was the port of San Jose—so dangerous
that no one had ever landed there. The access to
it is guarded by the incessant waves that break
Impetuously against the rocks.
The Spauish astronomers who were of our com
pany wished to wait for a favorable wind to land
at Cape St. Lucas, which was distant but ten
leagues. The landing there is Indeed less danger
ous, but we did not follow their advice because
we were pressed to arrive at the place of our des
tination; we resolved to attempt to disembark at
the first land we should discover.
While these gentlemen were yet deliberating,
four Indian sailors and myself let down the long
boat; we took with us half of the instruments. 1
agreed with the Abbe Chappe that if we per
ished he might find other means to land else
where with the rest, which would be sufficient for
making his observations. I embarked then in
the long boat with my four sailors, steering di
rectly for the coast; the nearer we approached it
the more we were sensible of the difficulty of
landing.
We were constar.tly thrown back by the accu
mulated waves, and our boat threatened all the
while to ship water. When on the point of losing
courage, one of the sailors discovered, at a dis
tance, the mouth of an unknown river. This dis
covery animated us ; we reached the coast by this
mouth but with great difficulty. I sent back the
long boat for the Abbe Chappe and the Spanish
astronomers, who arrived safely enough.
niuveu vu tut: puunibuia iuc mcuij'-ui at ui
May, 1769, 13 days before the epoch of the tran
sit of Venus. We found no (azile a pouvoir nous
mettre a labir), the inclemency of the weather.
The savages that repaired to us said that a con
tagion was prevailing in this country which rav
aged it completely. The interpreter who trans
lated this added that they said that in order to
withdraw ourselves from the influence of this ter
rible malady, it was necessary to remove some
hundred or more leagues farther to the north.
The means of undertaking this new journey,
broken down with fatigue as we were; we had
neither horses nor carriers to transport our bag
gage; it was impossible to march on foot, and we
shrank from a journey through a desert. All these
reasons decide'd us to occupy ourselves with no
business but that which had brought us.
We labored to construct an observatory, which
was ready the twenty-eighth day of May, six days
before the epoch-when we would have need of it.
We made our observations on the third of June,
with the greatest exactness.
The contagion made new progress every day;
a general sorrow reigned in all this part of Cali
fornia; we were not long without participating in
it in a distressing manner. This dreadful malady
came upon us six or seven days after the observa
tion. We tvere wholly without succor; we could
not be useful to one another, because we were at
tacked almost all at once. v
The little medicine that we had brought from
France was useless, from want of knowing how
to apply It.
Nevertheless, the abbe, all sick as he was, con
tinued his observations all the time. After ob
serving an eclipse of the moon, he at last yield
ed to his faintness, the delirium of his disease left
him but little time to examine himself; he died
the first of August, 1769. We were all dying (I
and the companions of our voyage), when I had
the sorrow to close his eyelids.
Our situation and our want of strength induced
us in this case to bury him without much cere
mony. I devoted some moments to regret for the
loss I had suffered, and in the height of a disease
from which I did not exp*fct to recover, I took the
precaution to collect all the papers relating to the
object of the voyage. 1 placed them in a casket
with an address to the viceroy of Mexico. I
earnestly begged some Indian chiefs who were
about me to make this casket safe in case we
should all die, and to transmit it to the vessel
which ought to arrive in the month of September
to take us. My intention'in this was to secure to
my country this valuable depot. I remained in
my condition of sickness, pain and wretchedness
until the twenty-ninth of September.
At last the captain of the vessel arrived, he
had landed at the island of Ceralvo. which is situ
ated some 30 leagues from San Jose. My joy was
so much the greater in seeing him that he pressed
me to quit the fearful place where M. L’Abbe
Chappe and all the rest had died. We were car
ried to Ceralvo. I forgot to say that this cruel
contagion had taken from us the chaplain and
nearly all the persons that formed our little com
pany.
Although sick and oppressed with grief, 1 was
compelled to undertake the perilous route which
I had followed in coming, sometimes upon mules,
sometimes upon the backs of the Indians, when It
was necessary to cross the streams. With all
this trouble, 1 reached Mexico the twenty-third
day of November, 1769.
There I was received by monsieur the marquis
of Croix, the viceroy of that country, with a com
passion worthy of that good patriot. He had had
the kindness to send to meet me a carriage and
his physician. Arrived at the capital of Mexico,
and having paid my respects to the viceroy I was
lodged by hiss orders at the expense of the city.
When I left Mexico the marquis de Croix rec
ommended me cordially to the commander of
the Spanish licet, in which I embarked. We land
ed at Cadiz the twenty-first of July, 1770. The
court wras at the Escurial. I had myself taken
thither, and presented myself to the marquis d'Os
sun, then French ambassador in Spain. He re
ceived me with marks of kindness and consider
ation, and gave orders to show me whatever they
have to shovt strangers in this royal house.
He caused me to dispatch in advance of the
party, the strictest orders through the minister of
customs, that at no pass on my route must be
searched either myself or the chests in which
were the observations which I bore.
I did not arrive in Paris till the fifth of the fol
lowing December. I sent to the Academy the ob
servations that we made In California. This so
ciety expressed the greatest satisfaction with my
zeal and my services. They presented me to the
king, and to all his ministers. They solicited for
me a recommendation of my labors. His majesty,
Louis XV. granted me a small pension of 800f.
The government is too equitable to leave me in
want in the flower of my age, afflicted with the
evils which 1 have incurred for the service, dnd
indispensably obliged to have a servant to lead
me. I hope, then, from his justice and from his
goodness, that he will grant me an increase of the
pension sufficient to enable me to accomplish with
decency the rest of my public career.
HELD TO STRICT ACCOUNTING
- 'r>
Chinese Police Officials A*e Expected
to Be Urgent in Preventing and
? Punishing Crime.
' In lemon-colored silk a Chinese dip
lomat on an Atlantic City pier talked
*ibout Chinese laws.
“Some of our laws, you know, are
Very stimulating,” he said. “For ex
ample, Chi owed money to a money
tender. Chi would not pay, and the
money lender hanged himself on Chi’s
doorpost. Chi was condemned to
death. You see, he was really, respon
sible for the money lender’s death.
“A son able to support his parents is
imprisoned for life if he won’t do so.
A son unable to support them is im
prisoned for three years, as we hold—
and quite rightly—that there must be
something wrong with a young man
who can’t support his parents.
I "Our police are excellent, thanks
; to the stimulus of our law. When a
I crime is committed a sleuth i6 put
upon the case and given, say 30 days,
to land the criminal. If the sleuth
fails, he himself pays the penalty of
the crime, less two degrees. Thus, if
ihe gigel murder had occurred in
China, a police official would now be
undergoing life imprisonment. That,
too, is a just and stimulating law.
For if the police can neither prevent
nor punish such a crime as the Sigel
murder, then they should he them
selves punished for their rank inca
pacity.”
Good Gunnery at Sea.
If our navy’s gunners can shoot lit
tle targets so full of holes nobody is
able to see the exact score they can
shoot up an enemy’s big battleships
so thoroughly that nobody can tell or
many care to know which guns won
the victory. The target practice ofl
the Virginia capes should make every
American proud of our ships and oi
the men in them.
- aycne Loitture
By JULIA BOTTOMLEY.
The beautiful hair dress shown here
has made a veritable sensation, and it
is a pleasure to reproduce it for our
readers. Without the small pleasing
little skeleton cap shown in the pic
ture, it retains all the fascination of
the Psyche coiffure, and is thoroughly
practical for present millinery modes.
The hairdresser has taken certain
small liberties with her classic model
in order to accommodate the coiffure
to the hat and brow of the wearer,
and they have turned out to be an
improvement, since they enhance the
beauty of both the face and hat The
head dress, shown in our photograph,
was adapted specially to this coiffure
and leaves nothing to be desired.
It may be said in passing that the
head dress shown is made of gold rib
bon and rhinestone ornaments set in
gold. The aigrette at the side is pure
white. Every one will see at a glance
its simplicity of construction, and ap
preciate the beauty of this coiffure or
nament. The foundation on which it
is fashioned is simply buckram cut in
narrow bands and wired before cover
ing with ribbon.
It does not require an abundance
of natural hair to build this style of
coiffure. The hair, however, must be
waved before it is dressed. The reg
ular ondulations of the Marcel w'ave
may be used, but are not absolutely
essential. The hair is parted off in
the usual manner, and that portion
about the face and neck waved in
loose, irregular curves. All the re
mainder ot the hair (much or little) is
tied at the back of the head and ar
ranged in a coil. This forms the foun
dation for the balance of the coiffure.
If the hair is thick and heavy it
will not be necessary to use a roll at
all. The hair at each side in this case
is simply “ratted," that Is, combed
toward the scalp instead of from it,
and then lightly smoothed with the
comb on the outside. It is then
brought back to the coil, pinned to It,
and the ends fastened under it. A
small portion of the waved hair on
top of the head is treated in the same
way and brought back lying loosely
over the top, with its end fastened un
der the coil. The hair across the fore
head is arranged in a loose pompa
dour. the ends lightly twisted, and
brought back to the coll if long enough
to reach. If not, they are concealed
under that portion on top of the head
which has already been fastened into
the coll. This pompadour is then
pulled forward and down over the
brow and parted lightly with the
fingers, a little to one side. Invisible
pins, fasten it to place, and it is worn
more or less over the brow to suit
the individual taste in this matter.
A very full cluster of false puffs
is placed over and around the coil,
where they are firmly pinned to
place. A barette is adjusted under
them, supporting the short locks at
the nape of the neck, which usually
prove so refractor^. Finishing touches
are given by pulling the side hair
against the puffs and pinning it tc
them with invisible pins and curling
any short locks which may straggle
about the nape of the neck into little
rings. These are held in place with
the fluid which hairdressers use for
that purpose.
The natural hair, unless very curly,
will not make satisfactory curls and
puffs, and even when one possesses
the requisite quantity of naturally
curly hair it is much more difficult to
manage than the false hair. Moreover,
it will not stay well dressed as long
and consumes far more time in doing,
so that it is economy to buy puffs and
curls. Of all things, however, one
should get a perfect match in color
and texture to one’s own hair.
When the natural hair is very thin
it will be necessary to use additional
hair across the front of the head, for
the hair dress just described. Sev
eral styles are made in front pieces
that will fill all the requirements, and
when combed in with the natural hair
are not to be detected. In adjusting
the hat to this coiffure a portion of
the hair about the face should be
pinned to the underbrim or facing of
the hat.
FIT INTO A DRESSING CASE
Umbrellas Now Made So They Fold
Great Convenience for the
Traveler.
Umbrellas which can be folded to
fit into a 24-inch dressing case are the
only type which now appeal to the
college girl who does not like to be
burdened with more than one package
when traveling. These folding um
brellas come in black, tan, taupe, dark
red, blue, brown and green twilled
silk, mounted upon steel frames and
usually have wooden handles. Among
the newest umbrella handles Is one of
flatteneu top, shaped somewhat like
a huge button and about two and one
half inches across. Other wooden
handles are carved to represent the
heads of cats, dogs, owls and butter
flies. They are usually of natural col
ored oak, ebony or mahogany, but oc
casionally one is stained to match the
silk covering of its frame. Very smart
umbrellas which particularly appeal to
girls of artistic as well as extravagant
tastes have satin finished white wood
handles, with tops of onyx, jade or
carved dull red quartz. They are dec
orated with narrow ribbon bows or
with tasseled loops through which the
wrist may be thrust
Nursery in Theater.
A nursery for the children of pa
trons is connected with a Glasgow
(Scotland) theater.
BEST BAG FOR THE BROOM
Should Be Made to Fit, with an Open
ing at the Side—Good Tick
ing Bag.
The broom bag may be made a
more satisfactory thing than the cloth
that slips off in mid-air if it is made
to fit the broom, and, furthermore, if
it be opened at the side. The thing
I have in mind is an oblong square
bag of outing flannel from which the
two lower corners have been cut, leav
ing it somewhat octagonal in shape.
The small remaining bottom of the
bag is made into a faced opening, and
when the broom handle is. slipped
through the long, open side of the bag
and dropped through the end opening
the broom straws will be held securely.
A ticking bag for clothes-pins has
fastened to its upper end two wire
hooks to hang It to a clothes-line. The
end is first stiffened with wire, and
there is no opening for the clothes
pins except a round hole cut in the
center oi one side. A facing round the
circular hole forms a casing for an
other wire to keep the opening In
shape.
Countless household bags are not to
be scorned, but these two are partic
ularlv useful shapes.
Dinner Partners.
A novel plan for pairing off girls
and men at dinner parties, one which
takes the responsibility of this feat
off the hostess and is aften productive
of interesting or amusing results, is in
the form of a game, which is con
cerned with likenesses of taste. The
hostess makes out a list of modern
novelists, for instance. Each name she
prints twice on separate slips of pa
per. Each set of slips is dropped into
a hat or on a tray and passed among
the girls and men respectively. The
different members of the party pick
out their favorite writer, and the man
and woman who agree in this selec
tion are partners for dinner. Musi
cians, artists, famous paintings,
poems and various other persons or
things may be utilized in this way.
This method often gives rise to con
siderable interesting conversation, par
ticularly where there are one or more
strangers in the party.
LEFT THEIR SEATS HASTILY
Fair School Teachers Blissfully Una
ware of Contents of Box on
Which They Rested.
“While in Paris this summer anoth
er girl and I wen out to Versailles
one afternoon,” said a school teacher
who had just returned from abroad.
“It was dusk when we reached the
railway station, and as there was no
waiting room wre sat down on two
crates that were out on the platform
among a lot of others. We noticed
that the station employes kept.staring
at us with a persistence that was an
noying. Presently a man in a shabby
uniform with a bucket on his arm ap
proached us. .He touched his cap
deferentially and said—in French, of
course:
“ ‘Mesdames, pray do not let me dis
turb you, but I am forced to open the
boxes on which you are seated in or
der to feed the boa constrictor and
other serpents that are within.’
“When we recovered from our
fright we found we had been seated in
the midst of a huge collection of
snakes that had just arrived from their
native jungles en route for the zoo
near Versailles.”
Laundry work at home would be
much more satisfactory if the right
Starch were used. In order to get the
desired stiffness, it is usually neces
sary to use so much starch that the
beauty and fineness of the fabric is
hidden behind a paste of varying
thickness, which not only destroys the
appearance, but also affects the wear
ing quality of the goods. This trou
ble can be entirely overcome by using
Defiance Starch, as it can be applied
much more thinly because of its great
er strength than other makes.
To Breaking One iMeck, $2.
The "lineup ' man was a facetious
soul. The woman tor whom he was
putting up a pulley clothes-line was
exacting. She ordered it put in a cer
tain place, which it was almost impos
sible tor him to reach. He hesitated.
“If I have to put it there, lady,” he
said, ‘Til break my neck.” Still she
did not relent. “Ail right, lady,” he
consented, with a clieeriul grin, “but
it’ll cost yer $2 extry if I break my
neck.”
In the Beginning.
“Yours is certainly an unusual
case,” said the lawyer, “and it will be
neccessary to consult a number of
books.”
"So?” queried the client.
"Yes,” answered the legal light,
“and we will begin with your pocket
book.”
Didn’t Stay There.
Father—Didn't I tell you I would
whip you if I caught you in the water
again?
Son—Yes, sir. and that's the reason
I hurried out when I saw you coming.
It is not what he has, nor even what
he does, that directly expresses the
worth of a man, but what he is.—
Henry F. Amiel
What can harm us if we are true
to ourselves and to what we think is
right?—Black.
YourEyes
Should bs Fitted by a Spaciills!
Don’t trust your eyes to pedlars and
traveling prafters. Call on us and we
will examine your Eves Free. We are the lar
gest optic «1 mnnufricturers in the middle west.
Huteaon Optical Co., 213souTi*isthstkee- 4
Factory on th« Promises*
Nebraska Directory
THE PAXTON
Rooms from $1.00 up single. 75 cents up double.
CAFE PRICES REASONABLE
KODAK FINISHING ;
attention. All supplies for the Amateur strictly
fresh. Send for catalogue and finishing prices.
THE ROBERT DEMPSTER CO.,
Box 1197. Omaha. Neb. ’
TYPEWRITERS MAKES
M to H Mfr's price. Cash or time pay
menta. Rented, rent applies. We whip
lywhere for free examination. No da>
■t Writr for hi* lint and offer
-8«umi t'o.,427 Womlaiaa Hid*..Osaka
Do you Mant u<« t>« si .speller made? If so.
insist on buying a
MARSEILLES CORN SHELLER
Write for catalog or see your local dealer.
JOHN • EERE PLOW CO., OMAHA
WELDING this prcSessall broken
parisot machinery made good as new. Weld*
cast iron, cast steel, aluminum, copper, brass or
any other metal. Expert automobile repairing.
BERTSCHY MOTCR CJ., Council Bluffs.
iftf&ss&SL
Sold by the Best Dealers. We will send to pupil*--■•
leathern on iecclpt of 15cts. In stamps, a ifrlneh. hard
manle. Iraasedrred rule. JOHN G. WOODWARD
A CO-*‘The Candy Men"Councll Bluffs, la.
MILLARD HOTEL DangUs Sts.
American>-$2.00 per day and upward*.
European•• SI.00 per day and upward*.
AM All A Take Dodge street car
UktIATIh at Union Depot.
ROME MILLER
DR. McGREW GO.
SPECIALISTS Pay Fee When >>
tor MEN & WOMEN Cared 1
Established in Omaha 27 Years
Investigate our success, reliability, hon
est and honorable dealing aDd office where;
the sick are treated and cured.
All ailments, no matter bow acquired.
Write for FREE Symptom Blank, E.\axi>
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