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About The Loup City northwestern. (Loup City, Neb.) 189?-1917 | View Entire Issue (July 29, 1909)
Mysteries of Nature By G. Frederick Wright. A. M. LL. D. IRRIGATED FROM “ROOF OF WORLD.” So much has been written about • the valley of the Nile and the fertil ity afforded to the delta and to a nar row strip along either bank through means of irrigation that little atten tion has been paid to the immensely larger area dependent on irrigation in central Asia; whereas central Asia ex ceeds. not oniy in the possession of a fertile soil capable of irrigation many times larger than that of Egypt and equally rich in character, but also surpasses it in the uniformity of conditions which supply the needed volume of water. The delta and the irrigated belt along the lower Nile scarcely exceeds 10,000 square miles in extent and is incapable of much en largement by artificial means. The recent dam at Assoun can add but a few hundred square miles to the area already under cultivation. Moreover, the sources of the Nile, be ing far off in equatorial Africa, are subject to various vicissitudes, which render the supply of water in the lower Nile somewhat irregular and in secure. The waterfall over the drain age basin differs more or less from decade to decade and the outlets to the great lakes, which serve as reser voirs. occasionally become so clogged by the accumulation of vegetable mat ter as to interrupt the normal flow for a number of years together. This latter difficulty the English govern ment is endeavoring to correct by the removal of the accumulations through artificial means. How successful they will be remains to be seen. In centra! Asia the conditions fa vorable to irrigation are cortnected with the great mountain systems of the region, three of which meet in the center of the continent to form the elevated tableland of the Pamir, which is aptly styled “the roof of the world.” These mountain systems are the Hindu Kush, which crosses the northern borders of Persia and Af ghanistan; the Tian Shan, which stretches away from the Pamir in a broad branching belt to the north east, and the Himalaya, which sepa rates India from Thibet. The plateau of the Pamir, from which flows in one direction the Indus, to irrigate the plains of the Punjab, the Amu Daria (the ancient Oxus), which irrigates a great belt in western Turkestan, and the branches of the Tarim, which flow eastward into the desert of Gobi, is upward of 13,000 feet above the sea, and is surrounded by various peaks 10,000 feet higher. The amount of land which is cap able of being made fertile by these mountain streams of central Asia is sufficient to support the population of many an empire. To limit ourselves to western Turukestan alone, we find the Atrek river emptying into the southeastern corner of the Caspian sea, watering an area of marvelous fertility which was formerly the seat of the Parthian empire, a region which the ancient historian, Strabo, said was most highly favored of heaven, and where, according to him, a single vine had been known to pro duce nine gallons of wine and a single fig tree 90 bushels of figs. Passing eastward, the Tejend river, coming down through the heart of Turkestan and after irrigating the un surpassed plains about Herat, disap pears in an oasis of great fertility and extent in the desert of Kara Kum, upon the north side of the Hindu Kush mountains. lo say nothing of the middle por tion of the valley, which is bordered only by a narrow strip of arable land, running like a thread through wide deserts, we come to the remarkable oasis of Khiva (occupying a delta nearly as large as that of the Nile), at the southern end of the Aral sea. So completely is this oasis surrounded by deserts that for ages the peop'e have enjoyed immunity from the at tacks of outside enemies. The story of the Russian conquest of Khiva, which was effected about thirty years ago, is one of the most thrilling and tragic in all history. An attacking army large enough to be effective was pretty sure to die in the desert of thirst before reaching the oasis; while an army small enough to make its wray successfully across the burning sands was too small to accomplish anything at its journey's end. Time after time the Russian armies which attempted to penetrate this region from different directions were baffled by these condi tions and compelled to turn back after heartrending disaster. At the same time the ruling authorities of Khiva had no restraint upon the barbarities they could practice upon the weaker tribes which were dependent upon ir rigating canals running off from the main stream. It was a simple matter to tap a canal and turn it off in some other direction and thus speedily re duce a portion of the people to the ex tremities of starvation. Going still farther to the northeast, one comes to the Zerafshan, whose name is derived from the golden sands which it brings down from the moun tains in which it rises. This stream would be an important tributary of the Amu Daria if its water was not utilized in irrigating the fertile plains around Samarkand and Bokhara, two cities of great importance at the present time, but of still greater renown in the past. Under the name of Maracanda, Sa markand was occupied by Alexander the Great for a period of two years, and was made the center of his efforts to conquer the warlike tribes living to the north. At the time of the con quest by Jenghiz khan, in the thir teenth century, the city is reputed to have had 1,000,000 inhabitants. Two hundred years later, under Tamerlane, the city blossomed out in such archi tectural magnificence that it was well1 styled ‘‘the eye of the world.” These magnificent buildings vie in their ruins with those of Greece and Egypt in magnificence, beauty and interest. Still farther to the northeast the Syr Daria (the ancient Jaxartes) rolls down from the Tian Shan mountains, irrigating the fertile province of Ferg hana which last year yielded 3,000,000 bushels of rice, 8,000,000 bushels of wheat and 500,000 bales of cotton, be sides a great amount of other prod ucts. The cities of Tashkent, Chim kent and Turkestan are in flourishing, irrigated areas, watered by branches of the Syr Daria coming down the mountains on the northeast. Tash kent has now a population of 160,000. After a course of 1,200 or 1,500 miles, the Syr Daria also empties into the Aral sea, where its water is evaporat ed in connection with that of the Amu Daria. Still farther to the northeast numer ous other streams of considerable size come down from the northern flank of the Tian Shan mountains and, after distributing alluvial soil at the base of the mountains, disappear in the desert sands or in Lake Balkash. Among these are the Talas, the Chu (which has a length of 700 or 800 miles), the Ili, of equal length, and the Seven riv ers, which have given name to the province of Semirechensk. For a dis tance of several hundred miles along this northern base of the Tian Shan mountains there is a broad belt of most fertile soil capable of irrigation with the water from these mountain streams. The Chu is formed by the combination of an innumerable num ber of mountain streams; so that it has been designated “the land of the thousand springs.” From earliest times this belt of fer tile soil has played an important part in the history of the world. Lying midway between the mountains and the arid plains to the north, it has been the favorite resort of semi nomadic tribes, who venture out into the pasture lands of the steppes with their {locks and herds in early sum mer, and retreat to the mountain pas tures later in the season, while raising rich crops of grain upon the interme diate fertile irrigated belt. The Rus sian military road for several hundred miles in passing through this region encounters not only a line of flourish ing cities of present importance, but passes by innumerable mounds of earth marking a prehistoric civiliza tion. The abandoned irrigating canals also speak too plainly of a decadence resulting from the neglect of oppor tunities due to the social and political disorganization which has reigned for centuries. In the thirteenth century the hordes of Jenghiz khan marched leisurely along this belt on their way to the conquest of western Asia and of Europe. Altogether these vast areas in cen tral Asia which are capable of irriga tion afford most attractive conditions for human life. Since the soil has not been leached by constant rains, the fertile elements remain in concen trated from, so as to afford crops far greater than can be produced by the broad cultivation necessary to ob:ain remunerative results where the rain fall is such as it is over the larger part of Europe and the eastern United States. One acre of the irrigated silt at the base of the Tian Shan moun tains is worth three acres of the aver age soil on, farms in the middle states of America. Prof. Hilgard has recent ly commented upon this richness of the soil in accounting for the fact that all of the early centers of civiliza.ion were in irrigated areas. Instances of this are the valleys of the Nile, the Euphrates and, he might have added, of the Murghab, the Oxus, the Zeraf shan and the Jaxartes. When the ag riculturist considers also the certainty of the water supply furnished by the melting snows on such lofty moun tains, he cannot fail to be thankful that he is not dependent upon fitful showers of rain for the growth of his crops, but can look -with unfailing con fidence to the murmuring streams which flow through the irrigated canals which distribute the life-giving ele ment far and wide. Another advantage of this irrigated belt is the almost perpetual sunshine, which relieves the inhabitants from fear of the loss of crops by mildew and which enables them, even in winter weather, to utilize the warmth of the direct rays of the sun in se curing their bodily comfort. The de mand for fuel to drive away the dis comforts of winter is thus reduced to the lowest point. The famous bazar in Tashkent occupies several miles of the ordinary streets, which during the summer months are made comfortable by a shading of matting stretched across a network of beams which cover the roadway. With this per petual sunshine, abundance of pure water, great fertility of soil, the line of cities along the base of the Tian Shan mountains presents the most at tractive centers of habitation which can be imagined. As one looks out to the north from this irrigated belt and sees the glim mering mirage of the desert, with camels approaching, seeming to wade knee-deep in water, and then turns to the south and beholds the mountain peaks from 15,000 to 20,000 feet in height glittering in their snowy man tles, he can but be thrilled with the thought that here extremes meet, and that midway between them nature is most lavish with everything which makes life attractive. The only draw back has been that man throughout this region has been exceedingly vile. There can be no prosperity in an irri gated region except there is a strong and Just central government, which can protect the rights of the weak and secure to them all their fair pro portion of the life-giving water which nature has provided in but limited quantities. The advent of British rule in Egypt has thus well nigh doubled the productiveness of the irrigated belt that lines the banks of the Nile. The advent of Russia into central Asia, permitting control by a central government of the entire drainage basins of these irrigated areas, bids fair to open up anew a career of pros perity in this vast and little known region which shall surpass the glory of former times and astonish the mod ern world by the magnitude of it3 results. Pretty Summer Models On the right is a handsome frock of voile. Next is the model for a sum mer frock of white silk serge with bit bodice over a blouse of white chif fon cloth. WHEN SHORTENING A SKIRT. Should Always Be Done from the Bot tom—Two Methods That Are Recommended. To shorten a skirt do so from the bottom, either by making tucks or cut ting off the number of inches from the ground to make it the desired length. When a skirt is to be length ened, do not attempt to piece it at the top One way to lengthen the skirt Is to turn it off evenly from the floor, measure the difference between the length desired and that which the skirt has after it is trimmed evenly. I Cut a piece of material twice the num- ! ber of Inches in width required to ! make the desired length, and as many ; inches around as the skirt measures. Allow one-half inch on all seams. Join 1 this extra piece to the skirt proper, with the seam on the right side. Press j it flat with the edge down. Turn the I added piece up on the right side. | Measure from the waist line down the ! length of the skirt, and turn the bal- ! ance of the piece up on the right side, i Fold in hate an inch at the edge, and baste the edge over the joining Stitch ! a double row of stitching, sewing on ; the applied hem, one at the extreme ! edge and the other about one-quarter j ol an inch from it. Press this flat, j and you have a trimming as well as ! an added length. A SIMPLE BODICE. For either cloth, serge, or linen, this design is suited; it is very plain, and has a yoke and under-sleeve of tucked net, two rows of Russian braid to match outline the yoke; the braid on the right side is continued down cen ter of front in scallops, with a but ton sewn in each scallop; the edge of upper sleeve is cut and trimmed to match. Materials required: 1% yard 44 inches wide, one-half dozen yards braid, one dozen buttons. PLAITINGS RETURN TO FAVOR Advent of Fussy Dresses of a Former Period Are Responsible for Revival. The tiny knife plaitings only an inch in width are again coming tc the front with the revival of the fussy dresses of the 1830 period. They be long to the era of the little roses, nar row fringes and puffs. The selvedge of chiffon cloth cut off and sent to the plaiter's or else done with patience at home will save the whole hemming process. The French also double chif fon before it is plaited, to avoid hem ming. The selvedge of some silks may be used in the same way, and when the band of a different color along the edge happens to be in harmony or in good contrast it has even been chosen as a decoration for the dress, and al lowed to go Into the frill. Tiny knife plaitings are made of lace insertions because the straight edge forms a more even line than the scallop oi lace. When insertions are used for frills, whether gathered or plaited, they are felled to the gown so that the pattern may not be wasted in a seam. Taffeta ribbon, too. is frequently con verted into knife plaitings. Coloring Canvas Shoes. The “matching" idea is so strong just now that, girls may like to know that white canvas shoes may be col ored to match any costume. The pro cess of dyeing will shrink the shoes but they may be successfully painted with good water-color paint. Mount the shoes on trees. If you do not own shoe-trees, stuff the shoes evenly with tissue paper. Then ap ply the paint with a good-sized bristle brush or a sponge. Care should be taken to prepare sufficient paint before commencing the painting; the canvas being very ab sorbent, you will need a generous amount. As an even tint depends up on expeditious work, you can readily see the disadvantage of having tc stop in the midst of the operation to mix more paint. Chamois Gloves. Chamois gloves are again gaining popularity. They look well in warm weather and are not half as extrav agant as kid ones. They come in white and several shades of yellow. The wise girl keeps two pairs of these going at once, and each day washes one pair that they m&y be dry to wear the following day. To wash them cold water must be used and white soap. Warm or hot water shirv e!s and hardens them. Put the gloves on and give them a thorough washing as you would your hands. Do not put them near the heat while drying. Irish Lace Collars. When you wash your Irish lace col lar, you should always press it while It is lying right side downward upon a Turkish towel four times folded. This makes a soft surface, and when the lace is pressed it will have none of that shiny appearance that ironed laces gradually acquire. Before wash ing any lace all possible holes should be carefully mended with No. 150 cot ton. A Parasol Like an Awning. One of the latest and greatest oddi ties in parasols has a modified flat top (like oriental models) and cut in one with each gore is a proportionate lam brequin, which, joined together at the seams, falls down to the depth of seven or eight inches and is trimmed with fringes an inch wide. As the parasol is opened and held up for use one recognizes the suggestion of an awning somewhat, and no doubt it protects the eyes and complexion ad mirably.—Vogue. A Smart Belt Buckle. If you are a young girl and wish to be up-to-date, save your pennies to buy a belt buckle, in Dutch silver. They are the present aspiration of ev ery girl. They vary from six to eight inches long and three to four inches wide, are handsomely carved, and fashion able. Some are provided with slides, but the majority have prongs through which the belting is drawn. To avoid making the belting ragged where it is pulled through it is well to ftunch eyelets and overcast them. India Print Parasols. There has been a wide demand all over the country for a year for squares of the old-fashioned India print. It was used extensively on cot ton gowns last summer, and became popular for house furnishings. It was made into cushions, into covers, into curtains for colonial rooms. Now it is used for sunshades to be carried in the country and at summer resorts. The squares are put togeth er by hand, and the round top pari of the parasol is made of scrim. The Popular Mimosa. The quaint flower which, with the violet has stood for trembling shy ness, is the popular flower of the mo ment abroad. It is used on every manner of hat with green foliage. II is worn on the corsage and in the buttonhole. It goes well with all th« dull shades of yellow, including sul phur, and, therefore, is a boon to tht milliner. Stockings of lisle, with self-colored “clocks,” are generally the most sat isfactory for every day. SHEEP AND PASTURES ARE CLOSELY ALLIED Latter is Absolutely Necessary for Successful Raising of Former.—Numerous Crops May Be Grown. i 1 Pastures and successful sheep rais ing are so closely allied that, it may almost be said the one can not exist in the absence of the other. Certainly I it Is true that sheep are not being grown as economically and advantage ously as they can be nor are the maximum benefits to the soil being realized, unless pastures are provided to furnish feed for the sheep from early spring until late fall. The man who is seeking the very cheapest sort of feed for his sheep finds it in pastures, writes D. A. Gaum free from worms if the same land is used for pasture continuously. Worms and their eggs that are passed from j the sheep, cling to the grass and are j ready to be again taken into the sys tem. How can we be rid of them if sheep are left to eat this infested crop? Change of pasture from season to season, and from year to year is ab solutely imperative to successful sheep growing and one of the chief advantages of such a system of pas turage as the one outlined lies in the fact that sheep are kept upon a single A Picturesque Pasture. nitz, in the Illuminated World Life. They are productive and cost nothing but the price of the seed, and the la bor of producing them. All the labor of harvesting and storing and feeding these crops is saved; the sheep get all the good of the crop, and they get it in the field where it grows. For cheapness of feed, pastures are not to be outdone. Not alone are they cheap, but they furnish the most desirable sort of feed for sheep. Succulent, palatable, bulky enough, yet possessed of all the nutri ment needed. Xo feed could be more readily digested than these pasture crops for the cell walls surrounding the nutrients are thin and tender and readily brokeix down. Sheep are for agers by nature and pasture furnishes for them not alone the ideal feed but likewise the ideal conditions. X'ever are they so contented nor so healthy as when given the freedom of a five or ten acre plot over which to play and feed. Science has long since taught us that grass and root crops must be grown, if soil fertility is to be main tained. In the end all profits must come from the soil whether its prod ucts are marketed in the mineral, vegetable, or animal form, and to keep his land yielding largfc and increas ing crops annually should be ,every farmer's first business. How better can he subserve this end than by growing grass crops to improve the physical condition aud give humus to Good Friends. the soil, and feeding them to sheep that will not alone make good use of them, but will likewise help to im prove fertility by scattering their ma nure about the fields where it is need ed, and by eating up the noxious weeds that sap the life of the crhps? We should have fewer run down and weed overgrown crops to-day if pas ture crops had been grown, and sheep kept to eat them down. For the sake of saving a few dol- | lars in fence, many farmers use the same piece of land from month to month and from year to year, for pas ture. Now the money they save in fence, they more than lose by worms in their sheep. There is no disease to-day that so threatens the future of the sheep industry as do worms. Our flocks must be purged of worms or we must quit the .business. It was esti mated that in one state alone, 85,000 sheep succumbed to the ravages of worms in the year 1903. It is impos sible even to hope to have your sheep ! piece of land but a few days or a few months at a time. It would pay to have every field in the farm fenced, as there is scarcely a crop grown that at some time or j other does not furnish feed for sheep. Most farmers, however, do not find themselves in a position to do this, but they can, every one of them, do the next best thing and that is fence, say, three, five or ten acre fields, and practice upon these a three year ro tation which will give a pasture crop each year, or if they prefer, sow them all to pasture, and alternate them be tween hogs, sheep and cattle, or just sheep and hogs. The alleged cost of fencing is the 1 hedge behind which many seek to hide in excusing themselves for not using pastures. Yet as a matter of fact, figures show that practically any where in the northwest, a five acre field can be fenced at an annual cost of $8.50 or $1.70 an acre, allowing ten years as the life of the fence. Cer tainly this sum cannot be regarded as prohibitive. As compared with the cheap and excellent feeds it makes it possible to use, it is not worthy of consideration. The roan who is attempting to grow sheep without pasture is making a big mistake. He is not growing his sheep as economically and as well as he might, nor is he realizing the maxi mum benefits to his soil as a result of his sheep industry. Clean Wheat. The question has been raised fre- 1 quently as to whether cockle can be ; entirely and completely separated \ from wheat by any kind of fanning | mill that has yet been introduced. It 1 is at least questionable if any fanning mill certainly and assuredly takes all the cockle out of wheat without caus ing so much of the crop to be blow'n over the sieve that the operation would not be completely satisfactory. But clean seed can soon be got in another way. The farmer can sow an acre or two for seed and handpick the cockle out of it, when it is in bloom. In this way clean seed will be obtained. If the seed from year to year is from the wheat thus grown, the fields will soon be free from cockle. Of course, with the fanning mill alone the cockle may be reduced to a small amount, but it is question able if every grain can be removed. How Color Affects Growth. Color agriculture is the latest. Ca mille Flammarion put seedlings of the sensitive plant into four different houses—an ordinary conservatory, a blue house, an ordinary greenhouse and a red house. After a few months waiting he found the little plants in the blue house practically just as he had put them in. They seemingly had fallen asleep and remained unchanged. In the green glass house they had grown more than in the ordinary glass house, but they were weedy and poor. In the red house the seedlings had become positive giants, well nourished and well developed, 15 times as big as the normal plant. In the red light the plant had become hyper-sensitive. It was found that the blue light retards the processes of de cay as well as those of growth. Learning from the experience of others is like having a baby hand you candy. MANAGEMENT OF YOUNG SHOTES Unique As Well As Useful Idea Concerning Little Pigs. The following is a rather unique as well as useful idea concerning the weaning of pigs without apparent dan ger of injuring either the litter or the mother. As quoted in the last report of the Nebraska state board of agri culture, the author says: It is best to wean pigs when they are two months old, but wean them slowly. By this Jime they have been or should have been running four weeks on alfalfa pasture with their mothers. Some morning when they start for the pasture let the sows find the gate closed, but with a creep un der it to permit the pigs to go out. . Outside let the little pigs find a trough full of nourishing, appetizing food and they will fill themselves up on it and then start, as usual, for the alfalfa pasture. The sows are re tained in a dry lot and their ration suddenly changed to an exclusive dry corn and water diet, which has a ten dency to check the flow of milk. After a while you will hear that pe culiar grunt which you have so often heard from the sow and the little pigs will hear it, and they know what it means and they will come tumbling over one another, squealing for their breakfast—the old sow wants to be milked. They push under the creep I the sow throws herself upon her side and the little fellows commence butd ness, but they have to give it up if about two minutes. They are alreadj full from the trough and from the a! falfa and have to suspend operations owing to the lack of capacity. If this plan is followed in a week or 10 days the sow will have dried completely up and the pigs will have been Weaned without either of them knowing that any change has taken place. Only Chance. The young man leads his bride to the altar, but that's as far as he goes in the leading business.—The Meddler , THE OBJECT HE HAD IN VIEW Farmer Had Not Much Expectation of Turkeys, But He Was Not Losing Anything. A Rhode Island farmer set a ban j tam hen on 14 turkey eggs, and great was the scandal thereof throughout the neighborhood. Friends from far and near dropped in for to see and for to admire the freakish feat. “Sa-ay, Silas,” asked envious Hiram Haggers, "haow many turkeys d' yew cal’late ter git outer them aigs?” “Oh, shucks!” Silas answered. “I ain't cal’latin’ t’ git many turkeys. I jest admire t' see that pesky little critter a-spreadin' herself.”—Harper's Weekly. WAS HE RIGHT. Mrs. Rant—Do you think men are more clever than women? Mr. Rant—Some men are. Mrs. Rant—Who are they? Mr. Rant—Single men. Law of Attraction. The attractions of men to women and women to men are full of the most perplexing inconsistencies and contra dictions imaginable. It is. for instance, a physical law that magnetism is not simple attraction of one thing for an other, hut the difference of two oppos ing forces of attraction and repulsion, of which the former is the greater The same law holds in relation to the attraction of men and women for each other, in which, as a rule, the mascu line is the superior force.—T. P.'s Weekly, London. Laundry work at home would be much more satisfactory if the right Starch were used. In order to get the desired stiffness, it is usually neces sary to use so much starch that the beauty and fineness of the fabric is hidden behind a paste of varying thickness, which not only destroys the appearance, but also affect3 the wear ing quality of the goods. This trou ble can be entirely overcome by using Defiance Starch, as it can be applied much more thinly because of its great er strength than other makes. The Real Friction. Actor’s Wife — Do you know, my dear, this massage treatment is dread fully expensive. Actor (tragically)—Ay, there's the rub! Smokers find Lewis’ Single Binder ~>c cigar better quaiity than most 10c cigars. He never lias a message who does not know how to listen. WANTS HER LETTER PUBLISHED For Benefit of Women who Suffer from Female Ills Minneapolis, Minn.—“I was a great sufferer from female troubles which caused a weakness and broken down condition of the system. I read so much of what Lvdia E. Pinkham’s Veg etable Compound had done for other suffering women I felt sure it would help me, and I must say it did help me wonderfully. My pains all left me, I f ew stronger, and within three months was a perfectly w'dl woman. ‘‘I want this'letter made public to show the benefit women may derive from Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound.”—Mrs. John G. Moldan, 2115 Second St., North, Minneapolis, Minn. Thousands of unsolicited and genu ine testimonials like the above prove the efficiency of Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound, which is made exclusively from roots and herb3. Women who suffer from those dis tressing ills peculiar to their sex should not lose sight of these facts or doubt the ability of Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound to restore theii health. If you want special advice write to Mrs. Pinkbam, at Lynn, Mass. She will treatyourlctterasstrictly confidential. For 20 years she has been helping sick women in this way, free of charge. Don’t hesitate — write at once. Nebraska Directory KODAK FIHISIMa SSS.4SJS! attention. All supplies for the Amateur strict!y fresh. Send for cataloprne and Anishinkr price, THE S8W&!*S!K?IK c° DainHayTools aretheBest Insist on haviugrtkem. Ask your local dealer, or JOHN DEERE OMAHA THE PAXTON K.’*,! Rooms from SI.00 up single, 75 cents up double. CAFE PRICES REASONABLE TYPEWRITERS !&„ k to H Mfr s price. Cash or time pay menu. Rented, rent applies. We ship iny where for free examination. No do. f'l’L W ,,,r bi* b*W»n list IDi! ntt-r •.F.tfwaaaea Co.,45 7 Wood nan HMf. Pataka. M. Spiesberger & Son Co. Wholesale Millinery Tin Bert In the West OMAHA, NEB. Sold by the Best Dealers. We will send to pupils and teachers on receipt of IScts. In stamps, a 15-lrtch ha-e Jli’Sedied 111,0- JOHN Q. WOODWARD ACO. ThaCandy Mon"CouncilBluffa, la.