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UNCL£ JAMS CfifAT L/TBMY BUR&
A MZZKLY SHim/NTT Of INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES EXON THE
STHEHSGNIAN INJI/THTLoN IN WASHINGTON. »
i. ncle Sam is doing his best at the
dissemination of literature. He is at
the head of a mighty international
book exchange which annually handles
about 200,000 packages of books ag
gregating half a million pounds in
weight, and which are distributed to
all parts of the globe. It is the gov
ernment's clearing house for official
and scientific literature, and is known
as the international exchange system
or the Smithsonian exchanges.
Most of the shipments made contain
full sets of United States government
documents for authorized depositories,
and the balance consist of depart
mental and other publications for
miscellaneous correspondents. The
lists of Smithsonian exchange corre
spondents include about 60,000 sepa
rate addresses.
These figures furnish some idea of
the large scope of operation of a sys
tem which, outside the scientific and
academic world, is not generally
known. Dr. Cyrus Adler, assistant
secretary of the Smithsonian Institu
tion, in charge of the library and ex
changes. explained recently the pur
pose and work of this international lit
erary clearing house.
i ne exchange service, he said, is
almost as old as the institution itself.
It was originally designed for the pur
pose of exchanging Smithsonian pub
lications for those of other learned so
cieties and faculties. Through the ac
tion of congress and through a treaty
negotiated with various foreign coun
tries, to which many nations have
since adhered, it has become an im
portant international agency for the
exchange of governmental, scientific
and literary publications. It is devised
to benefit the institutions in this coun
try and abroad, serving as one of the
most important means for carrying
out the fundamental purpose of the in
stitution, 'the increase and diffusion of
knowledge among men.’
“It is through this system that the
original documents, reports of scien
tific experiments, official transactions
of societies, governmental publications
and like productions are sent to the li
braries and kindred institutions of the
world, at a great saving of labor and
expense. Instead of each society, as
sociation or academy sending docu
ments to a thousand others, a constant
circulation is maintained through the
medium of the Smithsonian Institu
tion.
“The operation of an official ex
change bureau of this sort gains tne
benefits of centralized effort. When
boxes and packages are properly
stamped by the Smithsonian Institu
tion and marked International Ex
changes,' customs inspection is
waived. For a long time many steam
ship lines went so far as to provide
free transportation on all packages
of Smithsonian exchanges. Further
privileges, such as the waiving of cer
tain consuiar fees on bills of lading
are enjoyed by the exchange system,
making it altogether of great service
not only to the government which sup
ports it, but to its citizens as well.
The government appropriation avail
able for this service during the pres
ent year is $32,000.”
The idea of an international liter
ary exchange system is not new. It
was first permanently established 70
years ago by H. Alexandre Vattemare
of Paris. As early as 1694, how
ever. the royal library of France,
authorized by King Louis XIV., con
ducted an international exchange for
several years, and the American Phil
osophical society (founded in 1743)
and the American Academy of Arts
and Sciences i founded in 17S0),
at the beginning of the nineteenth cen
tury, trad'd their proceedings and
transactions for those of foreign scien
ce societies. Mr. Vattemare's ef
fort? began in 1S32, when he succeed
ed in interesting many learned men of
Europe in his plans. In 1S93 he visit
ed the United States and obtained the
indorsement of many leading Ameri
cans. among them Washington Irving,
Joe! It. Poinsett, then secretary of
war: Guiian C. Verplanck, and also
the governments of a number of cities.
On his second visit to this country he
was designated as the agent of the Li
brary of Congress to conduct the ex
| change system established between
I France and the United States.
The National institute of this coun
try in 1840 set up a similar interna
tional exchange of natural history
specimens. Although the Smithsonian
exchange system had no direct con
nection with those established be
tween national governments by M.
Vattemare, it soon superseded all oth
er plans for international exchanges.
The institution was founded in 1846
“for the increase and diffusion of
knowledge among men.” To further
j the second term of this bequest, the
first volume of the Smithsonian pub
lications. on the ancient monuments
| of the Mississippi valley, by Squier
j and Davis, was issued in 1848, and
distributed in this country and abroad.
The germs of the present exchange
; system are evident in the words of the
: tirst secretary, Joseph Henry, who
j wrote as early as 1832:
“The worth and importance of the
institution are not to be estimated by
what it accumulates within the walls
of its building, but by what it sends
forth to the world, its great mission
i is to facilitate the use of all the im
I plements ot research, and to diffuse
j knowledge, which this use may de
velop. The Smithsonian publications
are sent to some institutions abroad.
: and to the great majority cf those
; at home, without any return receipt,
i save in some cases that of co-opera
l tion in meteorological and other ob
! serrations.”
As now conducted, the rules for the I
; control of the exchange service pro
, vide in addition to the distribution of
i the United States government publica
| tions to foreign libraries, for the dis
I tribution abroad of books, pamphlets,
! charts and other printed matter sent
! as gifts or exchanges from literary and
scientific societies or individuals to
correspondents abroad, without ex
pense to the sender beyond that of de
livery to the Smithsonian institution
! in Washington. Xo charge is made
i to the receiver except in some in
i stances the cost of delivery from the
Smithsonian agent or correspondent
nearest to him. Similar material sent
from abroad to this country is JBr
I warded to the recipient withoijf ex
' pense to him, the packages having
been delivered free of freight charges
to the foreign agent or correspondent
of the institution.
The international exchange service
i has now grown to huge proportions.
Three paid agencies abroad are main
tained in London, in Leipsic and in
i Budapest. The shipments seht abroad
by the Smithsonian exchange service
j include practically every organized
i community in the world, from Ireland
to South Africa. They are made in
uniform packages or boxes, and ship
ments to smaller communities are sent
whenever enough material has accu
mulated to warrant its transmission.
To larger agencies the service is
weekly. To France, in 190", went 153
boxes and 12,061 packages; to Great
Britain and Ireland, 308 boxes and 20,
213 packages, and similar amounts to
other large agencies, supplying in all
nearly 60,000 correspondents. In re
turn France sent 4.CS7 packages of
books. Great Britain and Ireland 7,
937, British America 309, and so on.
It may be seen trom the larger fig
ures on the shipment side that the
United States government is more
generous than any other nation in the
matter of publishing and giving away
i literature of a scientific and an educa
l tional nature.
The exchange service is limited to
voluntary contributions from recog
nized societies, institutions or facul
ties. The United States does not un
I dertake to ship free of charge books
purchased in different countries, nor
. scientific apparatus nor instruments.
The exchanges are still administered
for the same purpose as at their begin
ning, “for the diffusion of knowledge
among men.”
Not the Medicinal Kind.
“Strange, is it not, that political
bosses do not pretend to cure all so
cial ills?”
“Why should they pretend to cure
them ?”
“Don’t they always have a lot of
heelers?”—Baltimore American.
Married Paupers and Divorce.
"An odd thing about married pau
pers is that they like to live sepa
rate," said a single pauper.
• You know how almshouses are ar
ranged: there's a man's ward, a wom
en's ward, and a mixed, or married
ward. Well, the mixed ward is al
ways nearly empty. Not that we lack
married paupers. Oh. no. But the
husbands prefer to bachelor it among
the men. and the wives to old maid it
among the women.
“The older our married paupers get.
the more vehement is their insistence
on separate living.
•• "She's alius a-naggin',’ the octogen
arian will growl.
“ "Nobody can t sleep o’ nights with
sech snorin’ as hisn,’ sniffs the sep
tuagenarian female.
"And so they separate—to all in
tents divorced.”
All the Same to Him.
"Aren’t you glad to see a change in
the weather?” queried the optimist.
“Oh, not necessarily,” rejoined the
pessimist. “One might as well worhy
about one kind of weather as another.”
New Game Bird in New York.
A new species of the pheasant has
been seen in this locality of late and
it is attracting many sportsmen to
this neighborhood. It is said to be a
far handsomer bird than the Mongol
ian pheasant, and those who claim to
know say it is a Japanese pheasant.
When a oareful watch was kept to
examine the bird it was found that the
head and neck were of steel blue, re
flecting brown, green and purple in
different lights. The back and wings
exhibit a fine mixture of orange, red,
black, brown and yellow. The breast |
is red, each feather magnified with j
black and reflecting different colored i
tints. It has a large tail, probably !
one and one-half feet in length. It is j
always alone and never seems to min
gle with birds of the Mongolian spe
cies. — Manchester Correspondence
Rochester Herald.
He Didn’t.
“Ma, did pa get down on his knees
when he asked you to be his wife?"
"No dear. We were in the water
up to our necks and neither of us
cor. 1 ?w:-n "—Chicago Record-Herald.
TERRIBLE FIGHTING FORCE
TO SUPPLANT WARSHIPS
"By "RVSSELL WOO'DA'R'D
(BRITISH HISTORIAN)
Expert Vis
courses on
Japan*s NaVy
Increase, and
the ProbabiU
ities Which
Airships Hold
Forth for the
Dogs of War.
APAX is doubling its fight
ing strength on water.
The eyes of the whole
world are on the ori
ental kingdom, for the
Japanese admiralty has
started a decided inno
vation in accomplishing that purpose.
An almost unbelievable amount of
?ash is not expended in this move
ment, but the Russian vessels, cap
tured in the Russo-Japanese war, are
being re-equipped, re-armored, more
guns are being installed and the gen
era! appearance and strength of the
entire navy, including the craft which j
were under the mikado's jurisdiction I
before the war, is being heightened.
Into Japan's plans are being thrown
the most modern of ideas and every !
possible weakness, noted in the recent
war. is being banished in the strength
ening process. Since the recent in
stallation of a new Japanese cabinet, a i
part announcement of plans has been
Santos-Dumont and His Airship.
will recall the session of parliament
which dealt with the last British
naval budget, the largest in the his
tory of the nation. Emperor William
of Germany, it was reported at the
time, addressed a personal communi
cation to Lord Tweedmouth, who had
charge of the naval end of England's
wellfare, asking the latter to cut ,his
naval budget. This story was not de
nied, but talk of it was so avoided by i
officials that the British public to-day j
believe that the letter actually was re- '
ceived. It aroused criticism from all
Britain. It is said that the kaiser
realized that the two biggest nations
of the old world must keep pace with
each other in this line, and perhaps
feeling that a large expenditure by
Germany was not advisable, realized
that the only avenue of exit from such
a possibility was to see the British
budget reduced.
President Roosevelt's feelings on the
matter were amply told in the record
of the last congress when he tried to
get that august body to appropriate
for four new1 warships. However, there
there were too many men of peaceful
and public buildings inclinations
among the wearers of the toga and
they dealt a solar plexus blow to the
project, from which it only half re
covered—to the extent of two war
ships. Both of these vessels have
already been launched.
With Japan, the little terror of the
far east, burnishing up its navy, the
probabilities are that the powers may
go even farther next year in expendi
tures for warships, and the only block
to the great amount expended seems |
to be the devising of some new mode
Prof. Carl Meyers’ Electrical Aerial Torpedo.
Model of England's Military Airship.
ment. But the Monitor came along
with its revolving turret, ironclad, and,
northerners say. bested the Merri
mac. Right in that battle were two
steps in naval progress, and Capt.
Ericsson, whose family tree dates
back to the times of the Norseman,
of warfare which will render warships
useless.
Of course every country maintains
a land force, but all realize that the
best move against an oncoming enemy
is to beat them to the battlefield, and
as a consequence, the usual approach
being water, the navies of the world
ei'en 10 me worm, ana Dy tne exer
tion of bits of imagination here and
there naval experts declare they fore
see one of the strongest navies which
ever kicked up spray in the Pacific.
Here's the way it’s being done, this
being the official announcement given
out by the Japanese admiralty bu
reau at Tokyo:
“The Japanese admiralty has de
cided upon a large scheme of rearma
ment instead of building new ships,
the armaments of the old will be
altered so as to bring them into line
with the most modern ideas and with
the requirements indicated by the war
with ftussia.1 Thus vessels of the
Mikasa type which have hitherto car
ried four 12-inch guns and 14 six-inch
will henceforth carry four ten-inch
instead of 14 six-inch, so that their
principal armament will be brought up
to eight pieces of heavy caliber. In
fact, their fighting strength will be
doubled. Similarly in the case of ves
sels like the Retvisan. taken during
the war, their new arament will con
sist of four 12-inch and four ten-inch
pieces, the latter being substituted for
the 12 six-inch which these vessels
originally carried.
“When the programme is carried out
it will have the advantage of creating
a thoroughly homogeneous fighting
force.
“First-class cruisers are to be added
to the navy. These ships will have a
displacement of 18,650 tons with a
horse power of 44,000 and a speed of
25 knots. They will be 450 feet long
over all with SO feet beam and a draft
of 25 feet. Their armor will be seven
inches and their armament will con
sist of ten 12-inch guns, some six
inch and ten 4.7-inch. One of these
ships is to be built at Kure.”
Every year naval efficiency is
reaching a higher plane and experts
declare it to be a physiological cer
tainty that a more powerful mode of
warfare on the water must come. That
has been the trend of events from
time memorial. One may go back into
history to the time when the Norse
Capt. Baldwin's Airship.
men fought from rafts. Later came
their crude canoes and then the
Vikings. Several hundred years
elapsed and big nations fought from
behind bulwarks on wooden ships. Ef
forts were then made to put speed into
the sailing vessels. The discovery
of the steam engine helped this.
Then came the eventual discarding of
wooden vessels. This was brought about
in America when the battle between
the Monitor and Merriinae was fought
and the fight in itself marked a step
in naval warfare. The Merrimac em
bodied an idea up to that time un
thought of in its armor of steel rails
laid half a foot or more thick on its
6ides and top. Xo shells of that time
were found able to pierce this arrange
was l he inventor of the biggest move
towards a high standard of efficiency
when he perfected the revolving,
armored turret.
What this invention will be one can
only guess and most of to-day's guesses
are poor. From present indications,
however, the airship is to be a factor,
and when the inventor turns out an
aeroplane which can carry men and
shells in sufficient quantity to do real
damage, then our impressive battle
ships will be melted into steel rails.
Each year the powers are putting
more money into their marine fight
ing apparatus, and Germany and Eng
land, more especially, are eying each
other’s naval budget in an anxious
matter. Most readers of foreign news
c strengiueneu to tnetr top-most,
point. Russia has not yet recovered
from its set-to with the mikado's sub
jects. but the scrap left the Japs with
a few more battle-ships and a splendid
plan for strengthening their navy
without expending great sums of
money and contracting new loans.
Going farther into the probabilities
of the new style of warfare which
seems imminent, we may have battles
of the air—a very dangerous mode of
scrapping to the uninterested specta
tor below. Probably that would be the
deadliest sort of combat known, for in
“sinking” an airship every man aboard
would undoubtedly be killed by hard
compact -with mother earth.
Then, on the other hand, perhaps
there will be no future wars, at least
among the large and civilized powers.
Of course the barbarians will break
out occasionally, but among the bigger
nations there are now so many peace
bodies that one has to walk about
carefully in order not to encounter
doves of peace, minus feathers. There
are dozens of international peace and
arbitration societies whose one theme
is “don't shoot," and these hold ses
sions annually. It is said that they
really cement relations between coun
tries and the time may come when
they will become so numerous that con
flict will be impossible without slaying
brothers. The Hague tribunal is an
other medium of the big powers, al
ways ready to decide little disputes
which threaten to develop into “inter
national complications.”
As a consequence it looks dark for
the dogs of war and just as inky for
the men of peace, who would keep the
canines tied. But come what will,
within a generation or two the world
is to be given some new fighting force
which will astound the nations, not in
on the secret, to such an extent that
there will either be an entire cessa
tion of all hostilities or some two wi 1
get together and one will be made
such a beautiful example of that the ,
watching nations will decide that Gen ,
Gherman was right about war.
Can Always Trust Chinamen
Customs in Celestial Empire Have
Made Dishonesty Scarce.
“You soon learn in China that you
can trust a Chinaman to carry
through anything he agrees to do for
you,” says Samuel Merwin in Success
“When I reached T’ai Yuan-fu I
handed my interpreter a Chinese
draft for $200 (Merican), payable to
bearer, and told him to go to the
Uriiik ana Drmg DacK tne money. I
had known John a little more than a
week, yet any one who knows China
will understand that I was running no
appreciable risk. The Individual
Chinaman is simply a part of a family,
the family is part of a neighborhood,
the neighborhood is part of a village
or district, and so on. If John had
disappeared with my money after
cashing the draft and afterward been
caught, punishment would have been
swift and severe. Very likely he
would have lost his head. If the au
thorities had been unable to find
John they would have punished his
family. Punishment would surely
have fallen on somebody.”
More Zones of Quiet.
Chicago has recently established
hospital quiet zones, similar to those
in New York, and there are other
signs that a wave of protest against
unrestrained noise is sweeping over
the country; and even in Europe the
authorities of many of the larger cities
are instituting anti-noise measures.—
Medical Record.
Inconsistency.
During one of Lady Battersea's ad
dresses on prison life a lady in the
audience mentioned that she had once
lectured in Holloway. "What was the !
subject?” asked her ladyship. "I am
afraid you will think it rather iron-1
leal,” replied the lady, "but it was en-I
titled ‘Public Holidays, and How to!
Keep Them.'”—M. A. P.
OPEN DEALING IN PAINT.
Buying paint used to be like the
proverbial buying of a “pig in a
poke.” Mixtures in which chalk,
ground rock, etc., predominated were
marked and sold as “Pure White
Lead,” the deception not being ap
parent until the paint and the paint
ing were paid for. This deception is
still practiced, but we have learned to
expose it easily.
National Lead Company, the larg
est makers of genuine Pure White
Lead, realizing the injustice that was
being done to both property owners
and honest paint manufacturers, set
about to make paint buying safe.
They first adopted a trade mark, the
now famous “Dutch-Boy Painter,” and
put this trademark, as a guaranty of
purity, on every package of their
White Lead. They then set about
familiarizing the publ*« with the
blow pipe test by which the purity
and genuineness of White Lead may
be determined, and furnished a blow
pipe free to every one who would
write them for it. This action was in
itself a guaranty of the purity of Na
tional Lead Company’s White Lead.
As the result of this open dealing
the paint buyer to-day has only him
self to blame if he is defrauded. For
test outfit and valuable booklet on
painting, address National Lead Com
pany, oodbridge Bldg., New York.
Sewing Room Vaudeville.
“It’s nip and tuck with me,” said
the Sewing Machine, “though I often
strike the seamy side.”
“I do something of a reel," an
nounced the Spool Cotton.
“I have a good eye for the thread of
a plot,” complacently declared the
Needle.
“I gather interest as I go along,”
boasted the Ruffier.
“I do a pretty smooth turn in my
cancan," modestly remarked the Oil.
“When I try to do anything,” mourn
fully remarked the Eye, “I get the
Hook.”_
Laundry work at home would be
much more satisfactory if the right
Starch were used. In order to get the
desired stiffness, it is usually neces
sary to use so much starch that the
beauty and fineness of the fabric is
hidden behind a paste of varying
thickness, which not only destroys the
appearance, but also affects the wear
ing quality of the goods. This trou
ble can be entirely overcome by using
Defiance Staich, as it can be applied
much more thinly because of its great
er strength than other makes.
Newspapers of the World.
There are 12,500 newspapers pub
lished in the United States; about
1.000 of them are published daily and
120 are managed, edited and pub
lished by negroeB. In Asia there are
3.000 periodical publications, of which
the greater part appear in British In
dia and Japan; the latter country pub
lishes 1,500 newspapers. Africa has
only 200 newspapers, of which 30 are
published in Egypt and the rest ap
pear in the various European colonies.
Just a Plain Commoner.
Royal names for hotels are some
times the cause of peculiar misunder
standings. An aged farmer from the
home county decided to make a visit
to Toronto. It was the first time he
had been at a city station and when a
hotel crier hurried to him with the in
terrogation; “King Edward?” the new
comer simply smiled as he answered:
"No sir—Thomas Cox of Eramosa.”
Starch, like everything else, Is be
ing constantly improved, the patent
Starches put on the market 25 years
ago are very different and inferior to
those of the present day. In the lat
est discovery—Defiance Starch—all in
jurious chemicals are omitted, while
the addition of another ingredient, in
vented by us, gives to the Starch a
strength and smoothness never ap
proached by other brands.
A Financier.
“Dear, what in the world was the
lawn mower doing at the foot of the
stairs when I came in at midnight last
night?”
"Didn't you tell me that you had
taken out an accident policy on your
life?”—Houston Post.
Your Druggist Will Tell You
That Marine Eye Remedy Cures Eyes,
Makes Weak Eyes Strong. Doesn't Smart.
Soothes Eye Pain and Sells for 50c.
Ingratitude is a sign of weakness;
one never finds a strong man ungrate
ful.—Mountfort.
Lewis' Single Binder straight 5c. You
pay 10c for cigars not so good. Your deal
er or Lewis’ Factory, Peoria, 111.
A wise man is apt to know when he
has enough before he gets it.
FITS. St. Vitus’ Dance and Nervous Diseases per
manently cur**d bv l>r. Kline’s (ireat Nerv«* Restorer,
rtend for FHKK il'.UU trial bottle and treatise. Dr.
LL U. Kline. Ld.. ifcl Arch Street. Philadelphia, Pa.
The best workman is he who loves
his work.—T. T. Lynch.
r»e Allen's Foot-Ease
Onrestired.achinK.sweaUngteet. 2jc. Trialpackaga
free. A. ti. Olmsted, JLeHoy, N. Y.
Greatness and goodness are not
means, hut ends.—Coleridge.
Syrup sffigs
^ElixirtfSonna
CleQnses the System Effect
ually; Dispels Colds and Head
aches due to Constipation;
Acts naturally, acts truly as
aLiaxative.
Best |orMen\vomen and CKJd
ren-youngand Old.
% get its ijenejielal Ejects
Always buy the Genuine which
has ihe jull name of the Com
"CALIFORNIA
Jio Syrup Co.
m it is manufactured, printed on tile
front nf every package.
SOLD BY ALL ' - ” DRUGGISTS.
one size oni/,, . ^ ^irice SO?p*r battle.
