Men and Women on the Witness Stand PITTSfU RC1.—A re women less to lie believed than men. on oath or otherwise? is a question thu; lias beep, excited bj the utter ances of a few men, and at least, one woman, who have in pub lic recently insisted that women as a general proposition have no sense of the binding sanctity of an oaili and are blind to the moral obligation of telling the truth A few days ago came I>r. William H. Taylor, state chemist of Virginia, in a lecture to the students of the State Medical College of Virginia, proclaimed that a woman had "no conception of the moral obligation en tailed In telling the truth." In his opinion truth with a woman is what she wants to he beli ’ved. She is con vinced that, what she calls her "intui tions" must always be right. As a buttress to what these “mere men" have asserted conies Mary Hea ton Vorse, a woman of some note as a writer for the magazines, who as serts that few women can be depended upon to teil the truth, she presumably being one of the few: that they "beat" street railway companies: thai they listen at telephones, betray confi dences. sneak the reading of letters; and that she believes the statement of an old judge who told her that upon the witness stand "women would invariably perjure themselves.” These declarations wine so sweep ing and so extraordinary that the Pittsburg Dispatch was led to seek the opinions of some Pittsburg wom en of note, who could he depended upon to say what they thought re gardless of any reflection upon their own sex—women who think independ ently and whose thoughts are well de fined and their language well thought out. One of these is Mrs. Enoch Ranh, president of the Council of Jewish Women Not a Question of Sex. ‘ The telling of truth is absolutely not a matter af sex," was the em phatic answer to a query by the rep resentative of the Dispatch. "Roth sexes equivocate and evade upon oc casion and no one will hazard his rep utation for veracity by saying that women should be singled out for this mark of opprobrium as distinct from I have found women witnesses, to say the least, no less truthful than those of the other sex. * * I have known of but one case of deliberate perjury by a woman.—Miss Suzanne Beatty. Attorney-at-Law. men. Both are of the same blood and liber, and whatever denunciation lies against the one in the matter of stat ing what is untrue lies against the other. p -| cannot understand how any man or woman of intelligent appreciation of the world's activities could sink to the depths of uttering such a slander against the mothers, sisters and daughters who are responsible for the maternity of their kind of both sexes. It would be one of the most astound ing of paradoxes if they could bring into 1 he world one sex more addicted than another to the telling of un truths under any circumstances. Take the great question of heredity for in stance. 11 is the testimony of some of the greatest physicians of this and other times that the sons unusually in herit the traits of th« mothers and the daughters those of their fathers. .Vow how shall we assimilate this un questioned dictum of science with the assertions of these gentlemen that women are more prone than men to evade the truth? Yon see that the whole proposition falls to the ground. It is not possible that environment Proper discipline in his early youth would probably have had such effect upon Mr. Taylor that he would have never thought of the statements so antipodal to truth which he has made in re gard to women as compared with men.— Mrs. Samuel Ammon. after birth could so warp and distort the natural tendencies. These gentle men who have been so widely quoted evidently know little of the world of womt it. They have placed themselves on record after a very superficial and perfunctory analysis of the sex. The very fact that they have been quoted at all indicates that their views are al together bizarre. If this had been an established fact in all the thou sands of years of the history of the human race their belligerent procla mations would nor have been noticed, lias it been left for them to make a discovery of a new world of immor ality? “While the fact that the matter has been so widely bruited about gives it a measure of importance, it is rather that sort of importance which adds to the amusing and diverting phases of social life than to those activities which make for development and progress, ami the Dispatch deserves thanks for contributing to the gayetv of nations' by giving us a chance to say a word in answer to even the most obscure of dialecticians who have presumed to air their oratory niton a theme which was certain to attract some attention and excite curiosity if not respect.” Equivocate in Little Things. "This matter of evading ihe truth is even far older than the remark made by an eminent historic person age that he had said in his haste that all men were liars." was the remark of Mrs. Samuel A. Ammon, well known for her great activities in civic affairs, when the caustic assertions of Dr. Taylor were broached to her. "It is quite possible and defendable," con tinued Mrs. Ammon, "that in what we may call the ‘little things' of life women evade the truth more often than men do, because they are brought into contact with ihose lit tle things, chiefly domestic, more than men are. "The question of unswerving truth telling is one which has agitated the deepest of analytical minds, hut the greatest of these lias not been led to assert that immorality of prevarica tion was most highly developed in women than in men. Whatever fail ing there may be is to be equally con demned in both sexes. It is quite pos sible and quite natural that where tlie affections are involved the woman may be more easily swayed than the man. She is more the creature of sentiment and emotion. Her friend ships and loves are deeper and dearer. Therefore, on the witness stand, she may the more readily, and surely more unconsciously, depart from the exact truth when the interests of those whom she loves are involved. Hut she does it unconsciously or almost so, if at all. It is a psycholog ical impulse. Have Fear of the Law. “Again, a woman on the witness stand is more apart from her sphere than a man is. She is more liable to the mistakes of embarrassment. For that she should not be called to ac count. It is my conviction, however, that women will, generally streaking, be more likely than men to tell the truth in court. She has a fear of the weapon called the law. it is prac tically an unknown force to her. It is with her, therefore, potential for the truth. “That there is too much falsehood in human life is distressingly appar ent. it is all too much a part, of our social existence. To some extent we may say it is enforced lry conditions, hut it is also all too much due to a lack of proper moral training, it is the natural bent of the child mind to evade the truth when ihe act has been naughty and by concealing the truth to evade reproof and possible punishment. That is the basic work of the lack of moral obligation in re gard to the truth in all society. I believe that a good, sound spanking, administered intelligently, with proper spirit, at the proper time, with kindly and proper explanation, would vastly lessen the evasions, lies and perjuries of all phases of life. Proper discipline in his early youth would probably have had such effect upon Mr. Taylor that he would have never thought of the statements so antipodal to truth which he made in regard to women as compared with men." Women Truthful Witnesses. Miss Suzanne Beatty, attorney-at law. gives an emphatic- negative to the assertion that women are more than men inclined to evade the truth on the witness stand. I have been a close student of this matter." said Miss Beatty, "and it is my positive judgment that wom en are (piite .as dependable as men when testifying before a law court. When ! was at home, a mere child, one of tile dear friends of our family was Judge Campbell, then the presid ing judge of the Clarion district. Ii is possible that even at that time I had in me the latent germ of the pursuit of tile law as a profession, for al! that pertained to the courts was of the deepest interest to me. I was much impressed with the remarks of Judge Campbell, often iterated, that he would as a general proposition believe a woman witness sooner than lie would a man. Kvcn in those childish days the remark from one who was so deeply venerated by me aroused my pride of sex and when i came to practice you can imagine that my at tention was naturally directed to this subject. All Swayed by Sentiment. "I want to say. and to put it as strongly as words can make it. that I have found women witnesses, to say Mrs. Samuel A. Ammon. (lie least, no less truthful than those of the other sex. It is a well-knowr fact that all witnesses are to some extent swayed by sentiment in favoi of the person in whose interests they are testifying. Allowance must he made for that, but that women are more powerfully influenced by such considerations than men I do not be lieve. I have known women to testify the truth in great stress of circum sianres. when to conceal the truth would have been much to their ad vantage, and when cautioned by the judge that their testimony was te FEAR TO TOTAL UP PAGES. Men Maks Memoranda of Expenses. But That Is All. •'Speaking of starring tilings and not flnismng them,'' said a business man, did t ever tell you of the curious habit that an uncle of mine had? He used to carry a memorandum book around with him and whenever he spent any money he would jot down the figures. We always looked upon him as a model iu keeping accounts. One day l got to talking to him about it, and he pulled his book out of bis pocket to show me. What was my ama’/.ement on looking at it to dis cover that not one of the pages was totaled up. 1 asked him. naturally, whether he never adder! the columns to find out how much he was spend ing. He told me that he did not and never had; the practice was too dis ^ coin-aging. A sense of duty impelled I him to put down the items, but there he stopped. An interesting man, my uncle, although a trifle eccentric." •Not so very unlike the majority of humankind,” said the business man's friend,* “unless, perhaps, in his hon esty of avowal. 1 think there are mighty few people who keep the rec ord of their personal expenses in ship shape fashion. Lots of us start out with the best of intentions, say at the beginning of a year, but it's a good deal like keeping up a diary. And just where nine out of ten fall down is in this matter of totaling, it take3 but an infinitesimal portion of time to run till a column, but somehow we don't like the operation: it's too much like bringing a charge againsi ourselves. I So we salve our consciences by jotting down items—when we think of them —and let them go at that. Pretty soon the account or memorandum book be comes hopelessly in arrears and ll is put away where it will not be an irri tation. The next January another be ginning may be made, but unless the conscience is in very good working order there will be the same result.” A Word from Josh Wise. “Men sneer at women’s shoppin'. but when women shop they don't have ter eat cloves ter disguise what they’ve been buyin'.” •^rrrrTTyTTT'nnnrrinnwnryvvyYT EXPLOSIVES IN OAILY USE. Danger in Many Things That Are Con stantly Handled. • Among the many things in almost constant use are some that are more or less dangerous from their explosive properties, properties often entirely unknown to their users. For examples, chloride of potash lozenges if accidentally brought in contact with an unlighted phosphorus match are dangerous. Bicarbonate of potash if mixed with subnitrate of bis muth. tile latter a remedy for indiges tion. will explode. Iodide of nitrogen is highly explo sive and is often combined with other drugs. Its use by those ignorant of its danger is a menace. Saivolatile and chloral hydrate are, under certain conditions, as dangerous as dynamite. Tincture of iron and dilute aqua regia when mixed, as they often are in medicine, throw off a highly explosive gas. which has frequently shattered the bottle in which the mixture was kept. One often finds bottles of medicine in which ilie cork has not been tightly pushed minus the latter, or has had a cork pop out of a bottle while held ir one's hands without any attempt to re move it on the part of the holder This always shows that gas is forcing the cork out. Danger in combs. Every now and then one reads ol celluloid articles, from fancy hair coif rare combs down, catching fire anc serious burns or accidents resulting. It would seem that every one should by this time know that celluloid con tains in its composition guncotton and also camphor, both highly inflammable No woman wearing celluloid combs ot hair ornaments should place her head near an uncovered gas jet or other un protected light, as celluloid catches fire so quickly and burns so rapidly that it would hardly be possible tc avoid serious burns. His Reservation. “Live and let live," is a good motto, but many a man who adopts it wants to reserve the right to liv« better than the other fellow. their own prejudice T have heard I hem say with tears that it was the truth and that the truth must be told. “I have never known but one case of deliberate perjury by a woman, and that was exceedingly curious. The girl's lover was under trial for burglary. The testimony was vaguely circumstantial. The girl produced a diary which she had kept for the en tire year, including the time of the alleged burglary. That diary showed that the alleged burglar had been In her company at a time when it would have been impossible for him to have been on the scene of the burglary. The diary seemed genuine and the court, jury and prosecuting attorney accepted it as such. Just as the jury was about to retire, however, the at torney for the commonwealth hap pened to glance at an obscure imprint Mrs. Enoch Rauh. President of Colum bian Council of Jewish Women. on the diary which snowed that tlie book bad been printed at a time sub sequent to the date of the burglary. Tlte case was continued, and il was brought out that ihe firm producing the diary never issued the books to be used by ihe trade previous to the year of their date. it was a clear case of perjury and one of remarka ble cunning considering the very ordi nary intellect of the girl. The matter had been written for the entire year and bore all the marks of genuine ness. Poor Basis for Sensation. "It is a fact known to all lawyers that women fear the law more than men do. and therefore take fewer risks upon the stand in the matter of telling an untruth, it is my opinion I cannot understand how any man or woman of intelligent ap preciation of the world's activi ties could sink to the depths of uttering such a slander.—Mrs. Enoch Rauh. that Dr. Taylor chose a very tottering basis for a sensation, and that in making himself talked about lie lias also ma tie himself absurd." In a very racy manner Mrs. Frank lin I’, lams, attorney-at-law. discussed what has been termed by Shakespeare the "lie circumstantial" and the "lie direct." "Women may lie on the wit ness stand." said Mrs. lams, "in cir cumstances which arouse within her a powerful sentiment, while in similar circumstances a man would lie delili erately and wilfully. The lie in the one case may lie said to have been to some extent unconscious, the woman having been persuaded on account of her affections to believe that what she said was true because she wanted it to be true. The man would tell the lie direct, knowing that it was a lie, and telling it lo make his case or lhat of ihe person in whose inter est he was testifying. Women More Emotional. "Of course, as everyone knows, women are far more emotional than men. They are therefore more likely to be swayed by their sentiments. I am inclined to think, therefore, that for this very reason women are some what less dependable as witnesses than men, although less to blame for their equivocations. When a man tells a deliberate lie he must be an adept al tlie business indeed if some thing in his manner or expression fails to suggest that fact to the Jury A woman speaking under the influ enee of powerful sentiment is more apt to give her statement every sem blance of truth. The man lying de liberately is well aware that he can hardly do it successfully and there fore he is less apt to try the expert ment. although lie is morally just as much the liar as though he did try it "I would say that there is some measure of truth in the assumption that women are more liable than men to go astray from the exact • facts when they are in the strange posi tion of a witness in the courts, but the sweeping assertion of Dr. Tayloi that in all circumstances they are less to be believed than men is a state ment that should simply make the person who made it ridiculous. ILLINOIS OFFICIAL WEDS Lawrence Yates Sherman, liputenant governor of Illinois, who was quietly married the other day to Miss Mary Estelle Spitter. left orders that no public mention should be made of the affair. The orders were obeyed until the smoke of Mr. Sher man's train died away, and then the telephone ex change and telegraph wires were crowded with messages announcing the gladsome tidings. The wedding explains the mysterious visits which the lieutenant governor lias been making to Effingham, where it had been reported he owned a farm. It also explains lavish orders left with the tailors. Sherman had led a life almost monas tic. For years his home was a room in a lodging house. Genial and sociable among men, he has been known to pm himself to all manner ot personal inconveniences to escape any gathering that approached formality. Sherman has the gift of invective oratory. He is a politician with a memory. .Inst to indicate how well .Mr. Sherman can bide his time and hit back when the opportunity comes, it may be related that in 1905 Senators Cullorn and Hopkins, being desirous to break up the big loti! — Demon. Ham lin. Yates and Sherman—who had controlled the stall* convention of 1901, offered Sherman a place on the interstate commerce commission. The work appealed to him and lie agreed to .accept. Then the two senators fell down in their attempt to deliver the office to him. President Roosevelt said liutly that he did not intend tc have federal offices traded about and that lie wanted a lawyer and not a politician for the place. Sherman apparently ignored this affront to his self-esteem. In 1907 the two senators, thinking that it was up to them to "make good" with something or other, secured an option on a place in the Spanish claims commission, and offered it to Sherman. He allowed the two misguided senators to secure i tiis appointment, and have it announced from Washington. Then lie rejected | it. and the score was even. Sherman was born on an Ohio farm about 19 veats ago and later moved i to Illinois. After leaving college lie took up the practice of law. WHIPS ZAKKA KHELS I Gen. Sii James Willcocks, who has brought the punitive expedition against the Zakka Khels, a t'ibe of Afridis on the frontier of India, to a bril liant conclusion by destroying their forts and vil lages. killing several- hundreds of their fighting men and ravaging the country, has had more ex perience in that kind of warfare than almost any man alive to-day. He was only till when the Lein ster regiment, to which he belonged, was ordered out on the second Afghan campaign, and the young soldier so distinguished himself that he was men tioned in dispatches. Willcocks was second in command of the West African frontier force in 1896, and was taken thence to accompany the liorgu expedition of 1898. Then he went back to his old post and took command of file Ashanti Held force, and was at tne tenet m i oomasste in 1000. He was also with the tield force in South Africa, and has since been ; repelling minor raids niton India by the restless tribes in the mountains. When it was decid* d to carry the war into their native glens. Gen Will ; cocks was the man selected tor the work. Besides the innumerable medals j and clasps he has received and the different mentions in dispatches, he lias once received the thanks of the imperial government, once been mentioned in ! tlie king's speech to parliament, and been presented with a sword of honor ! and freedom of Loudon. The campaign which he has just brought to a successful termination lias been in as difficult a country as ever he penetrated. There is said to be not a single square yard of level ground in the whole country, hut on every side rise ridges of mountains littered with rocks behind which the expert riflemen can sit and pick off the advancing troops at ranges of from 600 to TOO yards. That the natives are expert shots is not surprising, as in that land of blood feu ls a man's life often depends niton his quickness on the trigger and his straight shooting. That Gen. Willcocks has been able to take an expedition of ft,000 men through such a country with only a trifling loss will probably [ win him further honors from this government. _ BROWNLOW RENOMINATED Representative Walter P. Brownlow has been unanimously renominated tor the Sixty-first con gress. Mr. Brownlow had no opposition at all, there being no other man in his district who even so much as whispered that he wanted the job, consequently the congressional committee of the First Tennessee district, under the primary laws of Tennessee, named Mr. Browulow as the nominee. The First district is that which was represent ed front 1S4:J to 1858 by the late President An drew Johnson. Mr. Brownlow has already beaten that record by four years, and this renomination puts him in line for a total of 1t> years' straight away service in the house. Incidentally Mr. Brown low's district has the one absolutely loyal and consistent nepublican constituency in the whole j south. There has been some slight degree ot' chilliness between Mr. Brownlow j and President Roosevelt of late, but his followers and friends of the First dis ! trict are so much worried about it that ifs never mentioned down there in his home except when somebody wants to say something nice about Walter P. Mr. Brownlow lias had a long service in public lite. lie was postmaster at bis home town of Jonesboro in 1881 and resigned to accept the doorkeep ership of the house of representatives of the Forty-seventh congress. In 1884, 1890. 1900 and 1904 he was elected by the delegation from his stale to the national convention as Tennessee's member of the Republican national com mittee. He was elected by congress a member of the board of managers for l(>e National Soldiers' home for disabled volunteer soldiers, was twice the Re publican nominee for United Slates senator and has had a seat under the dome since the Fifty-fifth congress. _ PROMINENT CANADIAN Hon. William S. Fielding, the father of the Canadian government scheme to enter into com petition with the life insurance companies by is suing government annuities, a measure which he hopes to put iu operation next year, is looked upon as the natural successor to Sir Wilfrid Laurier, the premier. Mr. Fielding has had the most rapid rise of any man in public life in Canada to-day. He was a newspaperman in Halifax, N. S., and re signed that in 1882 to go into polities. He was elected to the provincial legislature to represent Halifax city and county, and in a few months was taken into the cabinet. Two years later he was premier of the province, and remained so until 1S9(>. when Sir Wilfrid called him to Ottawa to enter the Dominion government as minister of finance. Now he seems to be slated for premier as soon as Sir Wilfrid steps out. One of Mr. Fielding's first duties was the revision of the Canadian tariff and the drawing up of a preferential tariff with the mother country. This involved the denunciation by Britain of the trade treaty with Germany which gave the latter "tile most favored nation" treatment. Germany retaliated on Canada by raising her tariff, and it felt to Mr. Fielding to devise methods of retaliation on Germany. He seems to have been fairly successful. He was a representative of Canada at the colonial conference in London in 1902. and it was from suggestions made by him at that conference and previously that Joseph Chamberlain drew up the scheme of inter-imperial I'rf-e trade which split up the Conservative party in Britain and caused the return of tho Liberals at the last election. Air. Fielding will he 00 years of age in November, lie holds degrees from several Canadian universities. All the Hen’s Fault. Frank Higgins of Harlem, X. Y., is real mad at a chicken. This chicken got Frank into trouble which he had to explain to a cynical and doubting police court recently. Higgins was peacefully walking along One Hun dred and Sixth street, he says, wheu this fool chicken Hew out of a coop belonging to Jacob Karasick. on the sidewalk and landed straight in Mr. Higgfcs’ bosom. Now what was Frank to do? Here was the chicken roost ing amorously on his breast and he walking down the street? And he con I tinued ro walk, much amazed at the fowl designs of fate. And then along came Karasick and an inquisitive po liceman and gathered Frank and the chicken in. Frank protested, and next day he protested more to the judge. It is indeed tough lines when a Har lem citizen can not walk down the street without being assaulted by a hen and then arrested. Output of British Shipyards. The product of the British shipyards amounts to 20 or 25 per cent, of the world’s output. WESTERN uaHAUa DROPS CANNOT BE CHECKED. OATS YIELDED 90 BUSHELS TO THE ACRE. The following letter written the Do minion Government Commissioner of Emigration speaks for itself. It proves the story of the Agents of the Gov ernment that on the free homesteads offered by the Government it is pos sible to become comfortably well off in a few years: Regina. Sask., 23rd Nov., 1907. Commissioner of Immigration, Winnipeg. Dear Sir: It is with pleasure that I reply to your request. Some years ago l took up a homestead for myself and also one for my son. The half section which we own is situated between Rouleau and Drinkwater, adjoining the Moose Jaw creek, is a low level and heavy land. We put in 70 acres of wheat in stubble, which went 20 bush els to the acre, and 30 acres of sum mer fallow, which went 25 bushels to the acre. All the wheat we harvested this year is No. 1 hard. That means the best wheat that can be raised on theearth. Wedidnot sell any wheat yet as we Intend to keep one part for our own seed, and sell the other part to people who want first-class seed, for there is no doubt if you sow good wheat you will harvest good wheat. We also (hreshed 9,000 bushels of first-class oats out of 160 acres. 80 acres has been fall plowing which yielded 90 bushels per acre, aud SO acres stubble, which went 30 bushels to the acre. These oats are the best kind that can be raised. We have shipped three car loads of them, and got 53 cents per bushel clear. All our grain was cut in the last week of the month of August before any frost could touch It. Notwithstanding the fact that we have had a late spring, and that the weather conditions this ye»r were very adverse and unfavorable, we will make more money out of our crop this year than last. For myself I feel compelled to say that Western Canada crops cannot be checked, even by unusual conditions. 1 am, dear sir. Yours truly. tSigned) A. Kaltenlnunner. Just mere shadows of their former selves. One Woman's Wrongs. Mrs. Smallpurse (who found only a few dimes in her husband's pockels that morning)—I am just sick of this plodding along year after year. Why don't you do something to make money ? Mr. Smallpurse—I can’t make any more than a living at my business, no matter how hard I work. Mrs. Smallpurse—Then do some thing else. Invent something. Any American can invent. Mr. Smallpurse (some months after) —My dear, I’ve hit it. and I've got a patent. My fortune is made. Mrs. Smallpurse (delighted)—Isn't that grand! What did you invent? Mr. Smallpurse—I have invented a barbed-wire safety pocket for hus bands.—New York Weekly. Strenuous Method of Saving Life. Two officers who were hunting wolves on the Dry mountain in cen tral Servia lost their way in a fug. After wandering for 14 hours one of them lay down in the snow and speed ily became unconscious. His comrade bound him with cords, placed him in a sitting position and then rolled him down the mountain. He glided down the slope at terrific speed and reached the bottom safely, being found an hour later in an exhausted condi tion by a peasant. He is now in the hospital being treated for the lacera tions he received in bumping over the rocks during his descent. His com panion is unhurt. Giving It the Acid Test. The clairvoyant was swaying back and forth under the severe strain of her mental connection with the realm of spirits. “Now'.” she chanted, “call upon any soul you will and I will make it speak to you—yes, even visible to you.” For she was up to date in the biz. “Bring me,” asked the masculine skeptic, "Brevity, the soul of Wit." Right here the seance ended.—Cin cinnati Enquirer. Gather Wisdom. Wisdom will enable you to overcome the most difficult problems and fre quently fate itself; therefore gather wisdom wherever you may find it; let the past teach thee lessons for tho future.—Loth. Lewis Single Bindet* straight 5c cigar. Made of extra quality tobacco. V our dealer or Lewis' Factory. Peoria, ill. He surely is in want of another's patience who has none of his own.— Lavater. PILES O REL IN 8 TO 1* OATS. PAZO OINTMKNT is guaranteed to cum anr ca«i of Itching. Blind. Bleeding or Protruding Pile* In 6to Uday* ur money refunded. 50c. Many a man gets left by sticking to the right. ONLY ONK “BROMO Ql INlNE" UAXATIVH BROMO OL'lNlNIi. I ax* far the signature of K. W. GROVB. LsoU ttis Worm ever to Core a Oold In One Day. ^C. It isn’t idle curiosity that prompts a maja to look for work. Mrs. Winslow’s Boothlng Syrup. For children teething, soften* the gum*, reduce* lap lamination, allay* gain, cure* wind ooliv. ‘45c a bottle. Many a man is buried in oblivion long before be is dead.