RAILROAD IN THE ARCTIC LINE IN ALASKA LAID-ON GROUND THAT NEVER THAWS. Engineering Feat Which Ha* Taxed American Skill and Pluck—First Broad Gauge Road. A daring piece of engineering and Construction work has been the build ing of the first broad-gauge road in Alaska, the Council City and Solomon River railroad. The significance of the enterprise is the proof which it alfcrs that the Alaska tundra can be crossed, an achievement which many •f the best engineers had declared re peatedly was impossible. J. Warren Dickson, a young New Tork engineer, built this most north erly railroad In the world, after plan ning it out in every detail five thous and miles away from Alaska. And so exactly were these details worked out that when the first year’s work was finished near Nome every item of a $500,000 equipment was accounted for. save a few odds and ends worth (ess than $100. The story of the solving of the greatest problem met with In con structing the road, namely, the build ing of the roadbed across the tundra, shows wliat determination and in genuity will do. The tundra is the name given to the lowlands of Alas ka. These lowlands are covered with age old growths of moss in hummocks, decayed year after year, in nature’s process of 6oil making, to a depth of from one to three feet, with frequent pools of water. It was this unstable ground over which engineers bad de clared no roadbed could be built to sustain the heavy cars or a standard gauge road except at prohibitive cost. But Mr. Dickson bad convinved himself that, while this tundra in itself was ant firm enough, it was only an excres cence on a solid foundation of earth, In some place frozen, and in other places over a foundation of ice. He' realized that the ground underneath this tundra would sustain his tracks. But the difficulty was in disposing of the moss and its underlying muck, to save the enormous cost of handling snd draining it, for unskilled labor was $4 a day. Concerning one thing, *11 the ‘‘knowing ones” held to the same opinion—the tracks would have to be sustained by a heavy underpack Ing. This would add another item sf great expense, as ordinary planking was worth $40 to $60 a thousand feet board measure. But Mr. Dickson studied out the solution. He utilized the moss and muck—which is of the consistency of wet clay—by building them into the grade (which at the same time gave him ditches for drainage on each' side) and then'tamping the grade. The action of the long hours of hot sun drained and hardened the grade. Then the tracks were laid and the balasting done from near-by gravel hillsides. And the substantial roadbed, unaf fected by the wintere, is silent proof of the success of the methods used. Along the line loaded freight cars in some places pass over tracks built In this substantial manner eight or ten feet above crystal ice. This substrat um of ice never melts, in spite of the very warm days of summer which pre vail even here within 100 miles of the, Arctic circle. It is the primeval freeze that has not thawed since ancient geologic ages. It is kept from thaw ing by the thick blanket of moss, muck and gravel lying over it, and; the whole roadbed has proved a firm foundation for this commercial enter J--\ First Standard Gauge Passenger Car: Constructed in Alaska. prise involving great capital. Three, winters have already proved that there is not the s ightest ’’heaving”, and that it is as solid a foundation' as that of any railroad in the- United. States. ! The past four months of work ac complished remarkable results. The camp had increased fb 600 men. Eight miles of standard track were builtj and ballasted, and parelleled by a, telephone line; complete railroad' yards were laid oui, with switches to all the supplies, sufficient to build over forty miles more of the road; threej large buildings were erected and oc-‘ eupied; a complete machine shop was in operation: everything was left in , order for the nett season’s work, and 600 workmen had been sheltered and fed without one fatal illness or accident. The line is now over 34 miles long, and the revenue is on a basis that1 would bulge the eyes of a traffic man ager in "the States.” Freight is car ried for $1 a ton for every mile hauled.i That is about 125 times as much as* the rate in the States. Passenger, | rates are 20 cents a mile—ten times the rates on the big lines. UP THE MOON MOUNTAINS. _ * I "tcuuiNl Ur DUKE OF ABRUZZi’S 9 EXPEDITION. Ascends the Klyanja Peak In the Mount Ruwenzori Range In the African Interior. The Duke of Abruzzi Is back from bis remarkable expedition into the in terior of Africa, where he explored the wonderful Moon mountains, as cending Mount Ruwenzori, and scal ing the Klyanja peak, a feat never before accomplished. The intrepid mountain climber has just paid his re •poctE to the Royal Geographical so ■— . — — — —y The Kiyanja Peak Ascended For the First Time By the Duke of Abruzzi. elety of London, through whose gener ous support he was able to carry on bis explorations. The story of the duke’s Journey through Uganda, and his ascent of Mount Ruwenzori is an Interesting •ne as told by a member of the expe ditiou. The party left Entebbe on May 14 last and arrived at Fort Por tal fifteen days later, where the Brit ish authorities received them kindly and gave him an escort of 30 native Soldiers, commanded by a Sudanese cap tain. for it must be remembered that the duke had- to traverse a strange and in some cases hostile country in order to reach the starting point of the real object of the expedition. On the road from Entebbe to Fort Portal the duka was met by several chiefs, who brought him the usual presents of cattle, poultry and fruit. The party was accompanied by •bout 100 native carriers, who sang as they marched, sometimes war or love - songs, sometimes a song they had especially composed in honor of the duke—"the pale Mulanghira (prince) ' braver than the leopard.” On reaching Fort Portal the expe dition was met by the British gov ernor and the king of Toru. Here a rest of two days was taken. On-June 1 the expedition moved to wards the Valley of the Mobuks river, which springs from Ruwenzori; the weather, which during the first part of the Journey had been very hot, grew gradually cooler, until vfhen the high glaciers were approached it be came bitterly cold. On June 6, after •even hours of hard marching, the party reached Kichincin, which is sit uated at an altitude of nearly 7,000 v (set above sea level. At this point the Uganda carriers refused to proceed further on account of the cold, and the duke had to change them for eighty carrier* re- ! cruited among the inhabitants of the low mountains (Wakondjo). From here to Bujongolo the party experi enced for the first time the damp weather of the Ruwenzori district—' mist, fogs and rains, through which' only at intervals they could obtain a view of the splendid scenery that sur rounded them. At Bujongolo the duke ordered camp to be struck, and from this place, taking with him four trust ed Italian guides of the Aosta valley,, he started on June 9 for the ascent of the first peak of the Ruwenzori. Dur ing the duke's absence the camp had to be removed and pitched higher up near the glaciers, but of the eighty new carriers only seven could be in duced 10 proceed, and those only after the promise of a large gift in money. Three days later the duke returned, after having ♦eached the first peak, which is 16,000 feet high. On June 13 a dramatic incident oc curred. For several days the party had reason to suspect that it was followed by some wild animal, al though on acccnut of the great eleva tion and of the rigor of the temper ature such a thing seemed rather strange. However, in the evening of the same day the Duke Abruzzi was sitting in front of his tent giving in structions to Signor Filippo Bulli, who. was in charge of the scientific section; of the expedition, when he sprang to his feet, crying: “The leopard! the leopard!” Signor Bulli turned and saw a big leopard two yards away, its eyes shining in the darkness, with gaping jaws, and on the point of mak ing-a spring. Signor Bulli seized the,' box whereon he was sitting and; hurled it with all his might at the beast, hitting it on the head. The leopard leaped backwards and ran away through the mud and bushes, howling with fear, and despite a two hours’ chase it was impossible to trace the animal. On June 18 the duke reached the highest and hitherto untrodden peak of Ruwenzori (li>,220 feet). This he named the MargherRa, in honor of the dowager queen of Italy. A careful topographical survey of this mountain chain was made. It seems that the loftiest peaks are in the Congo and not in the Uganda. Orients: Greetings. Arabians when they meet a friend shake hands six or oight times. Once, is not enough. Should, however, they be persons of distinction, they ' em brace and kiss one another several times, and also Idas their own hands. In Turkey the greeting i9 to place the hand upon the breast and bow, which Is both graceful and appropriate. Reveal Character. Tou can trust a woman who sits with her thumbs up. She may be de termined. but she is not untruthful. The one who conceals her thumbs is apt to be deceitful and untruthful. Look at the thumb if you want to judge of people’s, intellectual strength, for the longer it is proportionately the stronger the brain. Sugar-Coated. Some take no verse as mental food, but they are jrery wrong; a little verse will do you good, and make you well -nd strong. And If you cannot get It raw, you surely can, I wis, admit a bit Into youf craw if served as prose, like this.—Louisville Courier-Journal. ADVOCATE OF “TRIAL-MARRIAGE.” ^ -- - l! 'IM The voice of popular protest has been quickly aroused against the doc trine of trial-marriage as set forth in Mrs. Herbert Parsons' book. “The Fam ily.” Here and there only a voice was raised in favor of trial-marriage, as being a solution of the divorce problem. Many ministers denounced trial marriage from their pulpits. In addition to the exposition of her plan of trial-marriages. Mrs. Parsons, sets forth many interesting data relating to the laxity of marriage in all countries. KNEW WHAT HE WANTED. Astute Yankee Made Money by Wear ing Queer Pair of Trousers. A Massachusetts man tells a story of “Old John” Langley, a veteran Wor cester horseman, that is illustrative of Yankee astuteness. One day Langley sought his tailor and in somewhat profane terms de manded “a pair of breeches of the best Etuff in the shop.” Of the many sam ples submitted “Old John" hit upon a beautiful silky broadcloth, the most costly piece of goods the tailor had, and, although this was most unsuitable for the purpose, Langley insisted that it was just what he wanted. Further more, he declared that he desired it “made up w-rong side out.” The tailor expostulated in vain, but the trousers were made as per specifi cations, and delivered. A day or so thereafter a friend, call ing on Langley, remarked on the trou sers in uncomplimentary language. Langley said he was satisfied. More guying resulted in an offer from “Old John” to bet $50 that the cloth cost more per yard than that in his friend’s trousers. The bet was taken am.l the tailor was to decide it. Tie named the price. The friend would not believe that the rough goods could be so costly until he was shown the shiny silky side. Then he paid, as other men had on similar bets, so that “Old John" SATISFIED WHERE HE WAS. Why Buyer’s Desire for Good Measure Suddenly Evaporated. The following anecdote is told of a most careful and sedate druggist in Keene, N. H.—a gentleman of the old school, who for 50 years occupied the same corner, and who, in all his deal ings medicinal, is a very scrupulous man. Not long since a person of not par j ti'cularly liberal practices, and withal a I close man, came to the good Samaritan j "ith a recipe that he wished put up, ! ann the foundations of the old church instructed in 1683 and it is the oldest iiptscopal church, having had continu jus service in the United States. Here as vestrymen worshiped Dan el Parke, John Page, the immigrant; Phomas Ludwell, secretary of state; I Sir John Randolph; Peyton Randolph, j ihe king's attorney and speaker of the | house of burgesses; Robert Carter Nicholas, treasurer of Virginia; Maj. Robert Beverly, attorney and clerk of the house of burgesses. Here once sat the men who first saw the vision of a great free republic of the western world and who at the altar of sacrifice consecrated their lives to the cause of, liberty which they loved. George Wythe, patriot, teacher, signer of the declaration of independ ence, was a vestryman; Thomas Jeffer son, James Monroe, John Tyler and, Chief Justice John Marshall and Ed ward Randolph worshiped here while students at the College of William and Mary and most of them in after years, while serving the colony and state. George Mason, Edmund Pendleton. Ed nmnd Randolph. Benjamin Harrison. Bland and Lee, while members of the bouse of burgesses, Patrick Henry, while a member of the house and gov ernor of Virginia, 1776, and George Washington while seeking to win the heart and hand of the beautiful Martha Custls. Col. David Bray’s memory is pre served by a monument bearing a Latin inscription. His spouse erected this monument and she followed him to the grave in a short time. This lady was Elizabeth, daughter of Col. John Page of Gloucester county. This latter gentleman is the progenitor of the Page family of Virginia, of which the celebrated author, Thomas Nelson Page. is. without a doubt, the bright particular star. Unkind. "So you wouldn’t take me to be 26?” giggled the fair widow. "No, indeed,” rejoined the inconsid erate old bachelor. "But if you had a daughter I might take hdr to be that old.”—Chicago Daily News. Indulgent. First Bull Terrier—Why do you keep your master waiting so long when he calls you? Second Ditto—Oh, just to jolly him a little; he likes to hear himself whis tie.—Detroit Free Press. Safest Coal Mine in the World. ._£ The above workings in the open air at Hongay, Tonkin, are on the side ef a hill, which is one solid block of coal about 200 feet high. To get at the min eral, it is only necessary to remove a layer of schist on the surface. The coal, which is of a good quality is mined to the extent of about 1.000 tons a day.