I Prisons of Yesterday and I Prisons of To-day f Undoubtedly Very Great Progress Has Bees Made Moral I ditioas aud tbe Bad Sanitary Coadtiaot of tbe Past. U—7^r— A recent reform inaugurated at the Illinois state penitentiary at Joliet does away with the “lockstep.” The prisoners now are to march in mili tary fashion. Which item of news sets us pondering on the change in treatment of prisoners that marks the last century and a half. Not yet are conditions ideal, not yet is the prison admittedly successful as reform school; but unquestionably progress has been made. An authority asserts that to-day there is no department of science, ■whether physical or social, in which progress is more evident than in the realm of penology—the study of the management of prisons. The same one-time prison cells, where. 70 feet below the surface, manacled prisoners were crowded at night; their feet fastened with heavy iron bars, chains about their necks attached to beams above. The caves reeked with filth; contagious fevers were incessant. The keeper was allowed to punish by flog ging, putting on shackles and fetters, the treadmill, solitary confinement and putting in the stocks, double and treble sets of irons, banging by the heels, and other methods that seem far removed from criminalist views of the present. But let us turn from the horrors and inhumanities of the past to the work for betterment In the work of WHIPPING AT THE PILLOBY. authority, writing in the Forum on "Progress in Penology,” declares that the civilization of a people can now be told quite as well by its prisons as by its picture galleries, its schools or its churches. No one can accuse prison wardens of being mere sentimentalists. They have practical knowledge of hundreds of convicts, they know the total, they know the average. And when they give as their judgment that there is hope for reform in a goodly per cent, of men under their care, the reforma tive aspect of prison life should loom iarge. Formerly the idea of punish ment dominated. To-day the pris oner is "deprived of opportunities for self-indulgence, but is given what he needs for self-development. He is not punished for what he has been; he is to prove by -labor, study and good behavior what he may be.” It was in 1T7T the Englishman, John Nerwwrd, made his famous -report on prisons, calling attention to the fact that young and old, innocent and guilty, were shut up together and in Idleness. Very soon England set to work at reforms in prison conditions, and has since continued at the task Experience in the world at large has shown that atringent laws and severe punishments do not lessen crime. In the old days they used to look wpon criminals as dangerous beasts, desperate characters, of different clay from ordinary men and women, crea tures of uncanny cunning. In the ruins of an American “Old Newgate.” a colonial prison that later became the Connecticut state prison, one may still see deeply embedded in the walls the iron staples to which the prison ers were chained while at their work; and remains of the treadmill used for refractory convicts. The prisoners were confined in underground cav erns, shafts and chambers of an aban doned copper mine. You may to-day travel down a tortuous path to thesi prison reform In the United States four great organizations have done much to hasten progress: The Phil adelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons, formed in 1777; the Boston Prison Discipline So ciety, organized in 1824; the Prison Association of New York; the Na tional Prison Association of America. And, as Dr. Wines says, yeoman serv ice has been rendered by individuals, i Barrows, in summing up the most : important indications of progress in penology in the past century, gives the following points: (1) The higher standard of prison construction and administration; (2) the improved ! personnel in prison management; (3) the recognition of labor as a dis , ciplinary and reformatory agent; (4) substitution of productive for unpro ductive labor, and to a small degree for unrequited labor; (5) an improve ment in prison dietaries; (6) newer and better systems of classification: (7) the substitution of a reformatory I for a retributory system; (8) proba j tion or conditional release for first offenders, with friendly surveillance; i (9) the parole system; (10) the Ber ; tiilon system for identification of .prisoners; (11) the new attention ; given to the study of the criminal, \ his environment and history; (12) separation of accidental from habitual j criminals; (13) the abandonment of ■ transportation; (14) the humane treatment of the criminal insane; i (15) the new' emphasis laid upon pre 1 ventive instead of punitive, or mere * ly corrective, measures. CHRISTOPHER WEBSTER. Unappreciative. Relder—I wonder what Jingleton : gets for his magazine poemr? Noxley—I don’t know; but I know what he ought to get. Relder—What? Noxley—Six months twice a year.— fhicago Daily News. MEAT SUPPLY FOR MILLIONS. Packers Con Kffl. More Than 480,wo Animals Daily at Chicago Stockyards. efcicago —The dally capacity of the Union stockyards in Chicago is 75,000 eattle, 300,000 hogs and 50,000 sheep. Persons employed in and about the yards number 45,000, upon whom are dependent probably a quarter million relatives. , , Within the square mile occupied by the stockyards are 200 acres of pens, 20 miles of streets, 20 miles of water ing troughs, 55 miles of drainage and water pipes and 150 miles of railroad tracks. The stockyards were founded in 1865. With accessories, they repre sent Invested capital of $67,000,000. Chicago literally supplies the world with meats. The armies of England France, Germany and Russia subsist upon fare prepared here, as do a great part of the population of those coun tFThe Union stockyards received last vear 2.613,630 head of cattle, or 1,929, 823 more than St Louis, 1,803,368 more man umana ana more tnen Kansas City. Nearly twice the number of sheep slaughtered in Kansas City, Omaha an5 St. Louis are killed annually in Chicjtgo, while much of the stock sold in other cities finds its destination in Chicago. Since the establishment of tiie Union stockyards 352,000,000 live animals have been received, of which 12,370,000 were shipped away alive, leaving a total of 339,630,000 animals killed and packed in 40 years at this chief cen ter of the meat industry. Queer Bequest of Murderer. A Chinese murderer before being hanged in Batavia asked to be supplied with a ticket to Singapore, so tfeat he could have it on his person after death. His request was granted and ha died happy. Scriptures Widely Distributed. The British and Foreign Bible soci ety now distributes the Scriptures In 400 languages. Last year the society Issued a few volumes short of 6,000,000. COUNT BON1 IS CAST OUT. French Chamber of Deputies Annuls ! Election of Castellane on Bribery Charge. Paris.--Despite a protest from the j count the French chamber of deputies the other day by 253 votes against 221 COUNT BONI DE CASTELLANE. (Husband of Anna Gould Ousted from French Chamber of Deputies.) lecided to invalidate the election of Count Boni de Castellane, husband of Anna Gould, as the deputy for the Basses Alpes. Bereft first of his little American Fife and no longer to scatter the mil lions she brought him from the coffers »f Jay Gould, Count Boni found him self arrived at the limit of humiliation when the chamber of deputies ousted him from his seat and besmirched him with insinuations of political corrup tion and open charges of bribery in buying his election. Truly the dapper littl® Frenchman finds that money makes the gentle man, the lack of it the fellow. He now has few friends. Once the flattered little spendthrift of the boulevards, the pet of titled women, on whom he lavished diamonds and jewels until his wife shut off his supply of money, he has sunk into the posi tion of a man ridiculed and laughed at. Former friends who fawned on him and reaped the fruits of his sensation al methods of getting rid of his wife's money now look upon him as a fool who has permitted himself to be found out. Not until the present, however, was any thought ever taken that he might find enemies enough in the chamber to throw him out of his seat. Now he is mournfully aware of how far fortune has turned against him and at one of the clubs from which he is not yet excluded he declared that the action of his fellow deputies was the result of his “painful family difficul ties,” made public through his wife’s action for divorce. How the French aristocracy regards Count Casteilane in his actions is best shown by the fact that when he of fered himself as a member of the Jockey club he was “pilled” by the largest number of black balls ever re ceived by one man.. WHAT DEWEY IS DOING NOW. THE ADMIRAL PREFERS HARD WORK TO LIFE OF EASE. Rank Makes Him Independent of President or Secretary of Navy —Is Known as a Well Groomed Man. New York.—“What has become of Admiral George Dewey and what is he doing now?” This inquiry, sent to a St. Louis newspaper, elicited the following in formation: Taken all in all there is perhaps no man in the United States in the serv ice of the government or out of it who is in a more enviable position than is Admiral Dewey. Congress has given him the rank, pay and allow ances of an admiral of the navy, re viving the rank for his benefit. He is absolutely independent of the secre tary of the navy and of the president of the United States. He cannot be retired and he cannot be disciplined by reduction in rank or any of the other usual means em ployed. The place gives him an an nual income of $15,500. , If he chose to do so he could close down hia desk, go home and never turn his hand over in the way of work, either for the navy or anyone else, and' his pay and allowances would go on as long as he lives; but the admiral prefers to work and to work hard. He is at the head of the navy gen eral board, charged with the duty of; devising general plans for improve ment of the navy, the management of; the ships, the handling of officers and men, and the control of the great gov ernment shipyards. Every day when he is not at sea for the maneuvers he is at his desk in his office or at tending to the meetings of the board. Admiral Dewey is much loved and much respected. He is a dapper lit tle fellow, not much more than five feet In height. His clothes fit him like the naval uniform, without crease or bag anywhere. They do say that the admiral’s Chi nese valet has no less than 20 new suits of clothes and ten pairs of shoes to take care of at a time. The ad miral is not a dude, merely a well groomed man without seeming to have any thought of his personal appear ance. He has but one .fad, If fad it .nay be called, and that is his love for animals. He has one of the finest teams of driving horses in the city and also an ugly-looking English bull dog. The dog went through the bat tle of Manila Bay with Dewey, so they are real bunkies. When the admiral was making a tour of inspection of the fleet the dog went along and was allowed the run pf a vessel while his master was aboard. On one ship the admiral re turned from the men’s quarters just in time to encounter the dog sailing in most hurried fashion from the of ficers’ quarters with the toe of an officer’s boot in hot pursuit. Admiral Dewey was white with an ger and surprise. In a second, when the captain appeared, following the di rection of the toe of his boot, the ad miral, controlling himself as best be could, demanded; “Sir, what do you mean by kicking my dog in that manner?” The captain came to a swift salate ADMIRAL DEWET. (The Distinguished Naval Hero Is a Hard Worker Through Choice.) and his face, it was noted, was as pale and drawn with suppressed anger as was that of the admiral. “Sir,” he said, “I would have kicked that dog if he had b?en the personal property of the Supreme Being; but, sir. I would not have kicked him. and did not kick him, until he had chewed the legs out of two $15 pairs of uniform trousers and ruined a de luxe edition of the Naval Regulations, as well as killed the ship’s feline mas cot” Then they both laughed. “ KATIE QUAQUA’S CAMP.", Willow, Mich.—While all of the white settlers who traded with the Indians in this vicinity at the begin ning of the last century have passed away and the reds have long since gone to the happy hunting grounds, there are a few landmarks which still recall the stories and legends of those times; not the least interesting of these is the old log hut, built nearly 100 years ago on the banks of the Huron river two miles of this town. In the early days it was known as “Katie Quaqua's Camp,” and was at that time Inhabited by the Indians holding a big reserve in this vicinity. This reserve granted to the Wyan dottes by the United States in 1818 was .located in the southeast corner of Huron township, Wayne county, and included 4,996 acres. By a treaty of March 17, 1842, this tract was ceded back to the government and the Wyandottes were removed to Kansas. The familiar landmark to old settlers known as “Katie Quaqua's Camp,” was a favorite camping ground of the red men when they came to this sec tion on their hunting and trapping ex cursions. Katie Quaqua was the wife of James Clark, who lived near Am herstburg, Ont., and with his daugh ter, Mary McKee, was among the last of the onoe most powerful tribe of Wyandottes who inhabited this terri tory. It is related that Katie offered a half bushel of silver dollars to any white man who would marry her daughter, who was almost as fair as any white girl. After the tribe was removed Katie visited this place an nually for several years and it was believed by the old settlers that she bad money buried in this vicinity. ===B==^ Nation’s moral ^mar ^gpnotizrb By PROF. JACOB G. SCHURMAN, President of Cornell University. t=^=====S Among Wi e rich and well-to-do business and professional classes “grafting” has been so common that the very idea of commercialism has become a byword and a reproach; the whole nation needs a new baptism of the old virus of honesty. The idle rich are an excrescence in any properly organized community. And in a democratic republic, in which every man has a vote, be assured that the rights which convention grants to property would be swept away if the propertied classes become idle luxurious, selfish, hard-hearted and indifferent to the struggles and toils of less fortunate fellow citizens. The vice of the age is that men want wealth without undergoing that toil by which alone wealth is created. The love of money and the reckless pursuit of it is under mining the national character. But the nation, thank God, is begin ning to perceive the fatal danger. The reaction caused by recent rev elations testifies to a moral awakening. At heart the nation is still sound, though its moral sense has been too long hypnotized by mate rial propserity. We must restrain the brutal and predatory pursuit of wealth by laws for the protection of the weak and for the equaliz ing of opportunity. ^—————— f ' ' ... ji i I AROUND XBASES Ferris Always Studies the Plays He Makes Albert S. Fern:,, of the Boston American league club, doesn't convey • he impression of overpowering men ality by his appearance in baseball ogs and his general tactics on the liamond, but there are few players in he game who really think faster or more accurately on the duties of their positions than he. Recently “Hobo'' handed out a few ideas on scoring from a ball player's standpoint that are really illuminating. "I always get the worst of It from the scorerp," was the way he opened up. and the introduction made it seem like the usual complaint. The expla nation, however, was very different from the stereotyped article. “If I’d play the balls that come out ! my way off to the side, I’d get about half the errors they charge to me,” Hobe plaintively continued. “It’s an easy thing to do, and more than half the American league infielders do it, too. "The consequences are obvious.” Hobe got this away with great glib ness of tongue. “If I fumble one, handling it my way and getting squarely in front of it, it looks a ] jumping to the conclusion that it vt a ’spit ball.' called out 'ball' a,uiost before it had reached the plate. So you can see that the man who ra^» ters the ‘spit ball,’ and can pitch 1; effectively, is handicapped in his ef forts to fool the batters. In spite of this handicap, 1 have done fairly well with that style of delivery, and I ex pect to use it this season with consid erable success.” Catchers Are Born Says Bowerman For eleven years Frank Bowerman, of the .New York Giants, has stood be hind perspiring batsmen and wig wagged signals to pitchers of various degrees of e’fflciency. Ke has picked inshoots and outshoots off the bats until file knuckles on his hands are the size of last year's acorns, and his fingers, once straight and supple, are curved like the prongs on a hook used to extract cliakeis from a furnace grate. "I have caught al! manner of pitch ers.” says Bowerman, "but the fellow with speed who lacks in control is the one who keeps me busiest and makes me regret I was not born of rich, but honest, parents. See that enlarged forefinger? Well, that is a small token of esteem given my by a wild pitch one day In New York when there were two men on bases. "A successful catcher must use his head as well as his hands and arms. He must know the weak points of the different batters, and signals the pitch er which balls the batsman can hit and which ones be is weakest in hitting. He must be on tlie alert when a runner is on first and try and guess on what ball he will attempt to steal, so as to signa! the pitcher to throw wide of the plate and about shoulder high. Such a ball can be quickly thrown to second and increases the chances of nipping the runner at that base. “Successful catchers, like successful pitchers, are born. They come by the faculty of doing the right thing at the right time naturally. Hard work will improve a catcher of fair ability, but if --I ■— --—__I Charles F. Dooin, Catcher of the Philadelphia National League Club. Charles F. Dooin. catcher of the Philadelphia National League club, is a native of Cincinnati. He started his career on the lots of that city about ton years ago, when he became a prominent amateur player. He is 2S years old. of a Etocky build, and one of the fastest and most accurate throwers that ever stepped behind a bat. Doom's iirst proiessior.al engagement was with Indianap olis in 1S98, but during the exhibition season he met with an Injury and was released. His next experience was with Dubuque, from which club he went to St. Paul. As Comiskey did not give him a cnance, lie went home in disgust and did not play professionally again until 1>99. when he was with the St. Joe club, of the western League. During the season of IMiu he was a member of Julius Fleischmann's Mountain team. Doom was regarded as the star catcher of the Western League in 1901 and his release was purchased trom St. Joseph by the Philadelphia club in ]»C2, since widen time he uus been toat club's main stay behind the bat. whole lot worse than it would if i played off to the side. On the other hand, by playing it squarely, I some times have a chance to recover the ball and make the play, which is sel dom possible when the ball is played | to the side. From the standpoint of ' averages, I'm a fool, but I'm playing I the game for Boston and not for Fer ris, and Collins knows it, so I suppose : l shouldn't bother. "I got soaked with an error in the first game in Detroit, which should have gone to Parent. Detroit had men J on first and third and the man on first started to steal. 1 ran in close, as we always do, to take the short throw, but the man on third didn’t start, and j Parent yelled to let the ball come ; through for the play on the other ! man. I ducked and he missed the | ball. I got the error, which is wrong, i as Parent was covering the base.” Why “Spit Balls” Puzzle Umpires Jack Chesbro has a grievance, and it pertains to the celebrated "spit ball.” “I tell, you,” said -he, “that