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! MODELS OF FAMOUS RACING BOATS.!
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![ Historic New York Yacht Club Has Collection Famous the World £
Over, and Beyond Price. J
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One of the‘most interesting spots
that an enthusiastic yachtsman can
visit is the model room of the New
York Yacht club. There he can while
away hour after hour studying the
modeis of the many yachts that have
J.TS1STKATA—1900.
won fame since yachting began. He
can study their forms and shapes, see
how the present type of boat has grad
ually been developed and learn why
boats years ago carried only half the
sail spread that they do nowadays,
and he can see aimost at a glance
why one boat was successful under
certain conditions and why she was
beaten under others.
This room has, too, a mute but in
telligent history of the America’s cup
n
OENT.STA— t884.
and the models of the yachts that
sailed for that famous trophy have
been finished most perfectly.
Collecting models has always been
one of the objects of the club, and
when the club was first organized,
<m board the schooner Gimcrack. in
1844, a committee was appointed to
frame rules and regulations for Its
government. This committee re
ported at a meeting held at Wind
burst's tavern, and one rule said that
a model of each yacht was to be de
posited with the recording secretary
M.ArruOWER-1838.
before it could enter for the regatta.
The model was to become the prop
erty of the club. This rule started
the collection, which has now become
probably the most famous in the
world and is of priceless worth.
The yachts that have raced for the
America’s cup are arranged in pairs
around the room, each challenger and
the defender being placed side by
side. At present there are sixteen
of these and to complete the exhibit
models of the Livonia, 1871; Countess
of Dufferin, 1876; Madeline, 1876;
Atalanta, 1881; Puritan, 1885; Thistle,
1887; Valkyrie II., 1893, and Valkyrie
III., 1895, are needed. These will
probably be presented to the club be
fore very long.
Of these cup defenders the old
America, winner of the trophy in
,1851, is the most famous, and it is
CAMBRIA—1868.
interesting to compare her shoal
model and peculiar rig with the pres
ent type of boat, and the change in
type from the America to the Colum
iia is most remarkable. Both yachts
are very nearly the same length on
the waterline. The America was only
a little longer over all than on her
waterline, while the Columbia is a
fin keel type of boat with long over
hangs and big draught. The Ameri
ca had short masts and no topmast
forward, being rigged like the North
River trading schooners. The mast
Sleeps Outdoors in All Weathers.
Rev. Dr. John Clendennin, a son-in
law of Horace Greeley, believes be
owes his life to living out of doors
day and night. When he took up his
abode in the open last September he
was thin and emaciated and had a
bad cough, but from the time he be
gan sleeping out of doors he began
to show improvement and now be
lieves he has been cured. During the
last six months Dr. Clendennin has
practically lived in the open, spend
ing but litfle more time within doors
than it takes to eat. He drives dur
ing the day or indulges in long
tramps, but he sleeps on a balcony
ofT the third story of his house.
Proof of Fierce Battle.
S. B. Clark of Omabav who had
gone on a hunt in the Big Horn moun
tains, was missing. His friends
searched and found his body and the
bodies of two grizzly bears lying to
gether. The bears bad died of bullet
end knlf$ wounds, and Clark had four
brdken ribs, a chewed arm and a
severe wound at the base of the
brain. A hug from one of the wound
ed bears probably had killed him.
Tenders Mule for Loan.
James Richardson of Rodger Mills
county, tendered a mule to-day as a
chattel to a Cheyenne money lender
In order to get funds with which to
get a marriage license and pay the
preacher. He had ridden the mule in
—eighteen miles—and expected to
walk back home in time for the wed
ding.—Guthrie (Ok. T.) Gazette.
Palm for English Baptiste.
President Strong, of Rochester
Theological Seminary, returns from
•broad with the testimony that Eng
lish Baptists pray oftener and more
fervently than American Baptists do.
of the Columbia towers away up in
the sky and it is a wonder how she
carries the spread of canvas that she
does.
The Magic was the first defender
of the cup a»d she defeated the Cam
bria. The chief difference in the type
of these two boats is in the draught.
The Magic had a centerboard and
the Cambria was a keel boat.
The next challenger was the Li
vonia and she w^p met by the Colum
bia and Sappho after the Columbia
had met with an accident The Li
vonia’s model is wanting, but the Co
lumbia and Sappho are both there.
The Sappho won fame abroad and
the Columbia is still to be seen sail
MAOIC—1669
ing in these waters during the yacht
ing season.
Two challengers from Canada came
after the defeat of the Livonia, and
of these boats and the defenders only
the Mischief is found in the collec
tion. The Genesta, a deep keel nar
row cutter, came in 1885, and she
was defeated by the centerboarder
Puritan. Compared with the modern
yacht, the Genesta looks queer, but
she was a good boat and could sail
well In a hard blow, as was shown in
her last race with the Puritan, which
was sailed in half a gale of wind.
In 188G the Galatea, another plank
on edge type of boat, came over and
she was defeated by the Mayflower, 1
a boat similar in type to the Purl- !
GALATEA—IftoO.
tan. but with more draught and less
beam.
In 1887 the Thist’e came here and
was defeated by the Volunteer, but
these two boats are yet to be added
to the collection. Then came the
Valkyries, but their models are not
in the club. Lord Dunraven was to
have sent them to the club,, but on
account of the trouble he kept his
models away. The Vigilant defeated
■ the Valkyrie II. and she was the last
i of the centerboard type of boat to
: race for the America’s Cup. The De
fender was built to meet the Valkyrie
COLUMBIA—1895
III., and Kerreshoff was not slow in
taking some ideas from the British
model. She was a deep keel boat,
| cut away forward and had a rudder
post that raked at a considerable an
gle. She was the first of the big
boats to carry a big rig, nearly twice
as much as the Puritan carried.
The Columbia, an improvement on
the Defender, followed and met the
Shamrock I., and then came the other
MISCHIEF—187#.
Shamrocks, to be beaten by the Co
lumbia and the Reliance.
It is interesting to note, too, the
effect that the cup racers have had
on other yachts that have been built.
Free Transportation.
“Talk about luck," drawled the old
Kansas farmer, "one day while Lucy
and I were talking about eloping a
cyclone come along, lifted us up and ,
carried us clean to the parson’s door
step, twenty miles away.”
“That was a lucky streak,” com- !
mented the sewing-machine drummer. 1
"But that ain’t the best of it,
stranger. After the ceremony an
other cyclone came from the opposite
direction and took us both right Home
again. Lucy was pretty p'eased, but
she said as long as cyclones were that '
accommodating she w shed one would 1
come along and take us smack to
Niagara Falls.”
Presents to Former Enemies.
Lient.-Gpn. Fock, who recently left
Nagoya for Russia, presented a pair
of kid boots to the priest resident of
(he West HonganjI temple of Nagoya,
where he had been quartered; 5,000
cigarettes to the-gendarmes and sol
diers on duty at Ibe temple. 100 rubles
to the poor in Nagoya, ana the fur
niture in his room he gave to Mr.
Takata, an interpreter in the French
language—Japan Mail.
Long Service With Bank.
John G. Clark has just retired from
the service of the Bank of California
after fifty years, first as paying teller
and then as keeper of the bank’s
cash. He came to California from
Delhi, Delaware county. New York in
1851.
Develop Manila.
Almost dally ocean steamships load
ed with freight, passengers and mail
are arriving at the tort of Manila
.tom all parts of the world, while
Manila’s development as a shipping
center for the Orient has barely be
gun.
At the time of the America the
schooners were mostly of the same
type, but since then the models have
changed, until the present dfiy boat
is very similar to the big sloops that
have so successfully carried the New
SAPPHO—1868
York Yacht club burgee to victory
and placed this country in the lead
in all yachting events.
The three schooners Henrietta,
Fleetwing and Vesta that raced
across the ocean in 18GG are rep
resented by full rigged models.
These were presented to the club by
James Gordon Bennett. The Coronet
and Dauntless, racers of 1887, are al
so there, and of the last race the
model of the Atlantic, the winner, has
been presented by her owner, WI1
AMERICA—1851.
son Marshall and the Endymion',
the winner of the fourth prize, by
George Lauder, Jr., her owner.
One of the most interesting models
in the room is that of an old ship
which was given to the club by ex
Commodore J. Pierpont Morgan. The
committee wrote to the librarian,
Ferdinand Brand of the Admiralty
Library, London, to try and find out
more details of the model. Mr. Brand
wrote to the club that he had search
ed through the Royal United Service
Institution and the Naval College Mu
seum at Greenwich but was unable
to find any corresponding model and
CORSAIR—1899
“can only conclude that the model Is
one which escaped retention in Eng
land at the time when by order of
his majesty, King William IV., the
models at Kensington were trans
ferred in 1S30 to the naval college at
Greenwich.”
There are many famous steam
yachts in the collection. One that
attracts attention is the United States
steamship, Gloucester, that did so
well #t the battle of Santiago. This
boat. was formerly Commodore J.
Pierpont Morgan’s yacht Corsair, and
he presented the model to the club.
He has also given the model of his
new Corsair. H. H. Rogers' steam
er Kanawha, the fastest steam yacht
in the country, shows remarkably
clean lines, and the models of James
Gordon Bennett’s Lysistrata and A.
VIGIL! ST—1893.
L,. Barber's Lorena, a turbine steamer,
show what the most modern steam
yacht is like.
Tne oldest model in the chib is
that of the periagua Trouble. The
schooner Wave, built in 1832, and
the schooner tlnkahye are among the
oldest of the half models.
The work of adding to this collec
tion and completing it will be pushed
along by the present committee and
many new boats will be added to the
club’s list before the year closes.—
New York Sun.
Perfect Illusion.
Our inventive friend invites us Into
his music room.
“You will hear a perfect reproduc
tion of a musicalc,” *ays he. “I have
here, as you see, an automatic piano
player.”
We smile, saying that we have
heard them play many a time, and
that we are well aware of their accur
ateness in rendering even the most
difficult selections.
“But,” he goes on, “I also have a
dozen phonographs that will begin
talking as soon as the player begins
playing, and will carry on a discon
nected conversation during the entire
time the selection is being rendered.”
Warrants for Does.
The lord mayor of London has re
ceived from Lord Windsor, the first
commissioner of his majesty’s works,
the customary warrants addressed to
the ranger, or keeper, of Windsor
Great Park, for the dellveiy of four
fat does. The sheriffs have received
similar warrants for three does, and
the recorder, chamberlain, town
clerk, common sergeant and remem
brancer warrants for one doe each.
Looks for Son’s Succession.
That King Haakon VII of Norway
has a royal eye for the succession of
his dynasty is evidenced keenly by
the fact that he lost no opportunity
of holding up his son, the infant
crown prince of Olaf. to the gaze of
Norwegians at the recent ceremonies
at Christiana. The youngster figures
almost as prominently as his father
in the pictures.
Drill for Women Prisoners.
The British authorities find what
is known as the “Swedish drill” for
female prisoners a notable aid to
health and discipline.
The Tie That Binds.
ijWeet sympathy, the bond that binds *
Most closely links two hearts in one.
It is the power that endures.
And shows Christ s mercy hath been
won.
*Tis that which makes us understand.
And feel each other’s cares and woes;
In all our joys and sorrows, too.
Love tender sympathy bestows.
Without it. life is cold and drear.
And aching are the lonely hearts.
But with the birth of sympathy
It to the soul new light imparts.
Oh! may we find this precious gift
That soothes the aching of our hearts,
Until the ‘soul is lifted up
And on life’s higher mission starts.
«
Saved for Many Years of Life.
Lying among the dead piled up for
burial, perfectly conscious of all that
was taking place about him, and real
izing that he would soon be interred
beneath three feet of earth, yet un
able to cry out or to move, or in any
way warn those bent upon their grim
task, Iras the actual experience of ^
man who is living to-day, and who,
after a lapse of forty years, has just
been able to locate the woman who
nursed him back to life after his
strange paralysis had passed and he
was rescued.
The man is Private Joiner of Mis
sissippi. The woman he first laid
eyes upon when he recovered from
his horrible ‘nightmare is Frances
Courtney Carrington of Hyde Park,
wife of Brig.-Gen. Carrington, U. S. A.,
retired. A short time ago she re
ceived a letter which had been for
warded from one place to another
until it finally reached her. It was
from Private Joiner, and expressed
once more his thanks to the northern
woman who was so kind to him when
he, a confederate soldier, was in sore
need of kindness. The episode oc
curred after the battle of Franklin,
Tenn., one of the most destructive
battles of the civil war. Mrs. Carring
ton tells the story as follows:
“The women of the town stood
ready to nurse the wounded, but there
were few men to bury the dead, and
there were so many killed! Just out
side the Presbyterian church, where
I was doing my work, trying to care
for the living, the dead were brought
and laid in the church yard until the
burial place could be decided upon.
It was hard to cheer the men inside,
and inspire them with' hope and cour
age. when I knew the sounds outside
were those of the steps of the few
remaining men in town who were
bringing in the brave dead to pile
them up where one man could watch
them until the burial. I heard the
tramp of feet and guessed the errand.
Still, I had to keep a smile upon my
lips, although it almost faded when
I realized that vigilance was neces
sary, because every battle had its tale
of human vultures who preyed upon
the slain.
na IUC ua.» WUIC uu I mra»u
footsteps about the church, and at
last the yard was left with only one
negro to watch. For a time the sil
ence outside was unbroken. Sudden
ly I was startled by a shrill scream.
After a night of awful terror and
hours of constant cannonading it
seemed too slight a thing to stop to
investigate, and I went on, unheed
ing, with my work among the
wounded.
“It was nearly an hour before I
was again disturbed, and then in the
deepening dusk some one came to the
door and whispered my name. There
followed a disjointed explanation.
Something for me to do. A strange
thing outside. It was the 1st day of
December, 1864, and cold for that date
in Tennessee, but I ran out of the
church without a wrap, for those
were not the days to think of one’s
self. There were a number of men
I-_ the yard, gently lifting the dead
from the pile where they were laid,
one upon another like cordwood. At
last they took out a soldier and laid
him on the grass.
“We all bent tenderly over him,
ar.d as we looked he opened his eyes
and moved his arms wearily. It seem
ed more than I could bear; as though
something of the supernatural were
added to what was already a terrible
reality, for the man who had lain
among the dead all day, only to come
to himself at nightfall.
"I could do nothing except to whis
per words of cheer and encourage
ment. He wore the confederate uni
form, and I had a church full of
Union soldiers, so they took him
acrpss the street to a house where
other confederate soldiers were being
cared for, and I did not see him again
for several days. Then he told me
the whole story.
“He had had the strange experience
of being wounded and of lying as
tftough dead. He was conscious of
being moved and carried; he knew
that he was)alive; Jie was possessed
with the terrible fear of being buried
before death came; but hours went
by before the strange paralysis left
him.
JCirsi oi an, uu was auie iu move
his feet, and he put forth all his
strength to move one foot at a time
in the hope of being seen. At last
he found his voice, and cried for help
The scream which I had heard came
from the poor superstitious negro
who had been set to watch the dead,
and who had" heard the voice from
under the awful pile.
“This man who had been left for
dead was Private Joiner of Missis
sippi. Tou see, he has not forgotten
the girl who bent over him when he
came back to the world which was
almost lost to him forty-one years
ago.”—Boston Globe.
Commander’s General Order.
In his last eeneral order from the
National Headquarters of the Grand
Army of the Republic Commander-in
Chief James Tanner says: ,
The commander-in-chief would like
the very earnest attention of all the
comrades in the matter of our de
creasing membership. We number
now about 232,000. It is safe to say
that this number does not comprise
more^han one-third of the survives
commies of the civil war. 1 This
condition of affairs snould not be
permitted to exist for any consider
able length of time.
With two or more eligible veterans,
riot members, for every one we num
ber in our ranks, the field for success
ful recruiting is large, and surely a
little united action all along the line
would produce astonishing and most
pleasant results.
There has never, in my opinion,
been a time since Appomattox when
it was so desirable for each survivor
to be a member of our order as now.
Our comrades need the mutual sup
port and countenance of one another
as never before, and the organization
needs the greater force arising from
the power of numbers.
With such a great field for recruit
ing open to us we should do much bet
ter than we have been doing, and we
should go far beyond offsetting our
losses by death. To the comrades ac
tive in post affairs I make a special
appeal to go far and use every effort
possible to keep the comrades from
dropping out of the ranks through in
disposition or inability financially to
remain among us.
In the old days, when your comrade
was unable to keep up on the march,
how often you carried his gun or
knapsack or his blanket roll, all to
help him keep up. Now that he
needs encouragement of another kind,
let us do what we can to help him
keep up till the end, and to the end
that when he passes to the rest of the
grave, he may go with the badge
of right on his breast.
If we cannot by recruiting at least
offset the losses unavoidable through
death and other causes, I shall fee!
bitterly disappointed, if not humili
ated, when I take the gavel at Minne
apolis.
Wljile the Grand Army, in the very
nature of things, can have no succes
sion as such, and must march on to
the inevitable but glorious extinction
through death, just as inevitably, to
a very large degree, the Sons of Vet
erans will be our stlccessors. They
will bear our achievements in loving
memory and carry them , along the
generations.
All too soSn will come the time
when the paralyzing band of age will
enforce quiet and inaction on our
part, while it will be “the boys” who
will go out to those silent cities where
"Mountain grassek. low and swfet.
Grow in the middle of every street.”
and theirs will he the loving task
of laureling the graves of our dead.
The organization of the Sons of
Veterans, as I know it. is an honor
to all the land. Its membership is
! earnest, intelligent and enthusiastic:
its chosen representatives men of
high character and patriotic purpose.
They ask very ittle of us—simply our
indorsement, and encouragement.
With all my heart I give it to them,
for you and for myself, and to you
I say, stand by the boys! Some of us
lean on them now, and many of us
must do so soon, heavily.
Officially, the Grand Army has but
one auxiliary, the Woman's Reliel
Corps, but in the largest and best
sense not only the Woman’s Relief
Corps, but the Ladies of the Grand
Army and the Daughters of Veterans
and every other organization which
ha3 for its cornerstone patriotism,
are our auxiliaries.
We shall be better men the closer
we are privileged to associate with
any or all of them. The members of
the two elder organizations bring to
their beneficent labors in our behalf
the wisdom born of experience and
maturity, and as to the Daughters of
Veterans, why, from their pure lips
the babes of the future will hear
whispered the story of the grandsires’
valor and sacrifice.—James Tanner.
Commander-in-Chief.
“Extra Billy” Smith’s Threat.
"Extra Billy” Smith, the Confeder
ate General, was one of the most iras
cible as well as one of the most pa
triotic of men. Upon one occasion
he was leading a regiment on a long
and difficult march. Weary and ex
hausted they halted for a rest by the
wayside. When it became necessary
to move on the General gave the or
der, but the tired men remained
stretched upon the ground. The or
der was repeated peremptorily. Still
no motion. By this time the tempei
of the General was at white heat.
He thundered out:
“If you don’t get up and start at
once I’ll march the regiment off and
leave every d—d one of you be
hind.’l
They started.—Saturday Evening
Post.
Whitman’s Message of Cheer.
Of the days when Walt Whitman
was a nurse in the hospitals of the
civil war, a recent biographer of the
poet says: “He would often come
into the wards carrying wild flowers
newly picked and strewing them over
the beds like a herald of summer.
Well did he know that they were mes
sengers of life to the sick, words to
them of the earth-mother of men.
And then as he left of a night after
going his last round, and kissing
many a young, pale, bearded face in
fulfillment of his own written injunc
tions he would hear the boys calling:
‘Walt, Walt, Walti Come again, come
again!’” •
--*
He Was Nearly There.
During McClellah’s march up the
peninsula a tall Vermonter got sepa
rated from his regiment and was
tramping along through the mud try
ing to overtake It. He came to a
crossing and was puzzled which road
to take, but a native came along and
the soldier Inquired: “Where does
this road lead to?” “To hell,” answer
ed the surly Southron. “Waal,”
drawled the Green Mountain boy,
“Judging by the lay o’ the land and
the looks o’ the" people, I calc’late I’m
most there.”
A man can make hts wife believe al
most anything—during their honey
moon.
Sharpening Fence Posts.
Though labor and time-saving de
vices for all sorts of work are so com
mon, one often sees a man sharpening
fence posts in the old way by holding
the post with one hand and wielding
the ax with the other. There are sev
eral ways in which the work can be
made easy, two of which will be given.
For the first plan, take three rails of
equal length and fasten them together
in the form of a tripod. Set a block in
the ground, or, better yet, use the
stump of a tree which has been cut,
leaving it about a foot above ground.
Hollow out the middle of the stump to
form a place to rest the post, and
place the tripod in position before it.
Place the post with itt9 lower end on
the block ready to be cut, and let
the upper end lean against the tripod,
resting between two of the rails. Both
hands can then be used in chopping
and the work be ^quickly and easily
done. Another way is to have the
block or stump near an outbuilding,
where a piece of timber can be nailed
on the corner in proper position to
hold the post while being sharpened.
This takes a little less work in prep
aration than the first plan, but the
work must always be done in the
same place, while by the other plan
the tripod can be taken anywhere it
is wanted. In this connection the
chopping block used in splitting wood
might be mentioned. Much labor
may be saved by providing a sound
solid block, as less blows are’required
on a perfectly solid foundation than
when a yielding one is used. Either
select stump of a tree as described
for the first post sharpener, or take a
knotty length cut from a log, making
i it about a foot long and setting it on
end in the ground so that it is only
about four inches above the surface.
If a few flat stones are placed direct
ly under it, it will make a still firmer
foundation. This forms a block that
is practically unyielding and the work
is much easier by its use.
G. F. Barber.
Winnebago Co., 111.
Tne Work of Agricultural Machinery.
Agricultural machinery has been of
immense help to the farmer and also
of immense help to the consumer of
all farm products. People do not gen
erally realize how much they are de
pendent on farm machinery for their
low-priced flour and other products of
the soil. There was a time when
wheat flour was a luxury. Only the
rich could afford it. That was be
cause it took several hours’ time to
produce a single bushel of wheat. Men
that figure upon such things have
calculated that in 1830 it took over
three hours' labor to grow a bushel of
wheat, while now the labor only aggre
gates three minutes. In other words,
it took 18 times as much labor to grow
a bushel of wheat 75 years ago as it
does at the present time. In 1850 it
took four and a half hours of labor to
produce a bushel of corn, while now
it takes about 40 minutes. Therefore,
it required then seven times as much
labor to produce corn as now. It is
to wonder then that 75 years ago
wheat sold at $2 a bushel, but the
farmer was not making as much out
of his wheat at $2 a bushel as he now
makes at 80c a bushel. It takes about
five bushels of wheat to make a barrel
of flour tfnd the citizen of to-day can
buy a barrel of flour at $5 to $6. There
have been times when men have paid
$12 and $15 a barrel for flour. All of
this came about because the American
farmer has been energetic enough to
buy the best machinery he could find
Had he been as conservative as some
farmers in the world and held to his
own methods, the American public
would not be buying cereals at the
price they now pay for them. The re
sults show the wisdom of using ma
chinery. Man must succeed because
of brains, not so much by h!s physical
force. This is true in farming as it
is true in all other lines of human
effort. What the farmer has accom
plished in the past is an evidence of
what he will accomplish in the future.
He cannot afford not to study machin
ery and purchase the best. He may
yet reduce the cost of growing a bush
el to five minutes labor. He may yet
grow corn with an expenditure of only
20 minutes’ labor. If he does, the ben
efit necessarily passes to the whole
community. For if competition is left
free there is no possibility of the
farmer seizing all the benefits himself.
—Charles Comstocs, Cass Co., Mich,
in Farmers’ Review.
Clover on Poor Land.
If the land is poor try clover. Per
haps the land Is poor In the very ele
ments that clover can add. If it
lacks other things than nitrogen, add
a little potassium and a little phos
phoruB. If the land is black, indicat
ing a large amount of vegetaDle mold,
add lime. Perhaps the lime is need
ed to cure the acidity. With the acid
ity cured there is no reason why clov
er should not be grown. If the first
harvest fails try again. Sometimes
the trying again and again with ciov- |
er results in getting clover to grow, i
as In that way the clover bacteria
are gradually introduced or are de
veloped from some other form of bac
teria in the soil.
The Ben Davis apple tree comes !
nearer to being an annual bearer than !
any other.
Spring Planting.
Fruit, shade and ornamental trees,
grape vines and small fruits should
be planted as early in the spring as
the condition of the ground will per
mit. They will then get the benefit of
the early spring rains and be ready to
withstand the drouth, which generally
follows. They should never be plant
ed when the ground Is too wet, as
this will cause it to bake and harden
around the roots. If the farmer is
getting his stock from the nursery
and it should freeze during transit, he
has only to keep it in cellar storage
for a few days and it will come out
just as fine for planting as if freshly
dug, and I think sometimes that it
grows better
Peach, cherry, pear and apple trees
w ill often bud In transit, and if while
in that condition are immediately
planted, they will hardly ever fail to
grow. When planting trees it has
been my habit to tramp the dirt
around the roots, but some prefer giv
ing them water and settling the dirt
in that way. Both methods are prac
tical.
Last spring we planted quite a plat
of Cumberland raspberries early in
March. The ground would freeze
every night and we could only plant
during the afternoons. To our surprise
we had twice the growth this last sea
son we have ever had before. To be
able to do this one must have plants
from his own growing, as it would be
j too early to ship them safely. Straw
berries could not be planted so early,
, as the ground would heave from freez
ing and destroy the plants.
My observation has been that the
early-set plants make the best growth
early, and that shallow cultivation
N should follow setting, no matter at
what time the setting is done. One
should never plant when he has to
“mud in” the plants. It is better tc
heel in the plants and wait a few
days, as soil right for tree planting
or plant setting is right for plowing,
and every up-to-date farmer nowa
days knows when to plow.—J. W. Cog
dall, Sangamon Co., 111., in Farmers'
Review.
Orchard on Poorly Prepared Land.
Id regard to setting orchards on
. land not previously prepared. I will
say I would not advise setting peach
j trees on this land at all, as it would
be too rich, being pastured all the
time, since the timber was cleared
away. If roots and stumps are pretty
well out of the ground it would be
safe to plant apples the coming
spring; the land being a clay loam is
good for apples. I don’t like to set
any kind of an orchard where the
| ground is full of roots, as Wooly Apis
or root fungus will attack and kill
the trees in from one to five years. 1
would set if there were no other
chance and overcome the difficulty
spoken of by vigorous cultivation ir
corn continually for a period of five
years, and I would advise setting
| apple trees on this land 40x40 feet
apart, if roots or stumps are still ir
! the ground. The reason for this is
so that 1 would have room to cultivate
in corn until the roots were all gone
Of course if roots were out of the
ground I would plant closer together
say 30x30 feet, and cultivate in corr
three years at least. It will be safe
for him to set his trees this spring il
he cultivates as herein described. He
can prepare the ground in the spring
the same as for a corn crop and sei
out trees, and the preparation of the
ground will go on while he is culti
vating the corn crop on same. You
will find by this method a rapid
growth on the trees, which by the
i sixth year will begin to bear some
fruit. I would advise Shallow culti
vation afterwards once a year in early
spring, as too much cultivation when
bearing makes too much wood growth
and no ftuit buds of any consequence
White Co. Francis M. Flota.
Using Inverted Sod.
There are many kinds of plants like
melons that cannot be transplanted
to the open field under ordinary meth
ods. It was found out long ago, how
ever, that plants that could not be
transplanted could be grown on in
verted sod and the sod itself taken
to the open field when the plant ob
tained a good growth. Sod for this
purpose should be cut in the very
early spring, as soon as the frost is
melted below the sod line. This will
be several weeks before it would be
possible to sow seeds in the open
ground. This sod can be taken into
the greenhouse, the cellar or the
dwelling house and receive the seed
of the melon, squash, pumpkin, cu
cumber or other plant.
vanetes or melons.
Varieties of melons do not always
indicate what may be expected from
that locality. The locality in whicn
a melon is grown regulates to a large
extent its value, as its flavor depends
upon the sunshine, and moisture it
receives in developing. Thus, the fa
mous Rocky Ford melon is only the
common Gem melon of the Eastern
states. But when grown in Rocky
Ford, Colo., under a cloudless sky
and supplied with an abundance of
moisture, it develops a flavor and size
not found in the more Eastern states
Scale* on Legs of Fowl*.
The scales on the fowls' legs
should be always smooth and glossy,
and should be folded compactly one
over the other. As long as this con
dition exists the hen’s legs are
healthy. As soon, however, as the
scales begin to lift up and loosen
there is trouble brewing. A minute
parasite has got under the edge of
the scale and is eatfng its way grad
ually to .the protected recesses at
the base of the scale. When he
reaches there he will be difficult to
dis’odge. As soon as anything of this
kind appears, the hen’s legs should
be fronted with warm grease The
grease should be heated to 100 de
g;ees. If applied at that temperature
it will reach all of the insects and
will destroy them. The result will
be a reappearing of the smooth con
dition of the fowl's legs.