Popular Chiffon.
The soft chiffon mohairs are excel
lent, being light in weight and texture
and standing an amount of wear that
would soon make a silk look shabby.
The bodice is arranged with a trans
parent chemisette in cream lace,
which contrasts well with the Sevres
blue of the mohair. The draping is
done from the side seams and fanciful
quillings of silk just a tone darker
than the mohair are used for trim
ming effect. This same silk also fur
nishes the deep girdle which show's
the fashionable dip point in front. The
sleeve is a double puff of mohair to
the elbow, chiffon puffs extending
from there to the wrist. The skirt is
plain in front, with a smart bias
French seam in the center and the
sole trimming is two very scant circu
lar volants.
It’s the Picturesque Touch.
Of all the pretty summer coats
none are more fascinating than the
flower-colored ones of silk trimmed
quaintly with ruches and worn with
the flowered muslins which are hav
ing such a run. The silk matches in
color, of course, the figure of the
dress material. In corn color, rose
color, dull blue or pale blue and pretty
greens and pinks they suit all types
of girls.
The matrons are more apt to select
them in plums, purples and other deep
tones. The woman with more avoir
dupois than she desires usually makes
her outdoor silk coat the color of the
ground tone of the gown with which
she is to wear it in order to avoid an
accentuating contrast and ungainly
outlines.
Widow’s gown of pale gray batiste,
with black embroidered dots, trimmed
with gray velvet and plain gray ba
tiste ruchings.
Real Mint Sauce.
Mint sauce is usually a delusion and
a snare, being merely very sharp vin
egar and a few fragments of tasteless
mint leaves. Real mint sauce is an
other thing. Here is a recipe vouched
for by an experienced cook: Let the
water from the cold water tap run
over a bunch of mint until it is per
fectly clean of dust, strip the leaves
from the stalks, tear them in small
pieces, and put in a bowl. Pour boil
ing water over the mint, and cover
the bowl closely. A little sugar may
be added with the hot wrater, as It
helps to bring out the flavor of the
leaves. Make a roux of a tablespoon
ful or more of the gravy from the pan
in which the lamb was roasted, with a
little flour. Add the water in which
the mint was soaked, and thin with
more of the gravy and a little water.
The sauce is not to be a gravy. Sea
son with salt and paprika. Unless a
strong flavor of mint is liked, strain
the leaves from the sauce before serv
ing.—New York Post.
Summer Dance Frock.
A dance frock of some sort Is a
very necessary article in the wardrobe
of every girl who intends passing any
time at a large hotel, and the silk and
cotton flowered grenadines are among
the most attractive thin stuffs. One
has a design of large pink roses and
foliage scattered over the open white
ground. On the two deep flounces
which trim bottom of skirt are set
five rows of narrow satin ribbon, all
pink, but shading from the darkest
pink in the rose design to the lightest.
The low-cut draped bodice is filled in
at the bust line with tiny ruffles of
white lace; wider flounces of same,
headed by pink ribbon, forming the
elbow sleeves. A deep lace pcint Is
set in front over the gathered ma
terial.
Simplicity of Stocks.
There Is a noticeable simplicity In
stocks this year and the idea seems to
be to have the neck pretty without
making the stock too high and too
tight.
Stocks are high and made of soft
stuff which can be wired if one wants
to keep the stock very stiff. The stock
is not worn as high as it was nor as
tight and headaches are growing few
er. There are neat little soft linen
stocks to be purchased and the woman
who wants to have her neck comfort
able can lay In a dozen of these little
linen trifles and wear them every day.
They come in little stand-up collars
of lineu, trimmed with lace, and some
are embroidered while others are
stiffened with needlework.
In Pelerines.
All sorts of pelerines, visites, victor
ines and other trifles—they are pretty
much the same under any name—are
shown with the shape determined by
the silk foundation, and this often
covered with row upon row of shirred
or plisse ribbon. The manufacturers
are meeting the new modes delightful
ly in the pull or draw threads that are
incorporated in the ribbons, and that
save a vast amount of labor i& their
use. One has but to pull the thread,
the ribbon shirrs itself, and its dispo
sition in the design is then delightful
ly facile of achievement.
The latest fad does not consider
those complete unless velvet ribbon,
black for choice, be tucked in some
where or other in the design. The
possibilities of this delightfully be
coming fabric are only beginning to
be understood over here, and the
piquant touch of black upon a costume
of any color—but more especially
upon white—is a nuance to which the
Parisienne pins much of her faith for
a successful toilette.
oadoir Jp**
niidences
Greens are seen in new shades,
both light and dark.
Ruffles of lace at elbow finish a
charming little dress.
The pocket is a very important
feature of the suntmer coat.
Narrow boas and ruffs are worn, but
the smarter ruches are quite large.
Ribbon velvet in rows and in simple
designs will be useful for trimming.
Long silk traveling coats are a de
cided feature of this season’s fashions.
White serge has been revived and
bids fair to become extremely popu
lar.
The zephyrs, colored and white
linen, and oatmeal cloth are all tempt
ing.
Plaids, checks and tartans return to
us as regularly each fall as the first
frosts.
Tans of an infinite variety of shades
share the popularity of the white
stocking.
Almond Custard.
Scald and blanch half a pound of
shelled sweet almonds and three
ounces of bitter almonds, throwing
them as you do them into a large bowl
of cold water.
Then pound them, one at a time,
into a paste, adding a few drops of
wine or rose water to them. Beat
eight eggs very light, with two-thirds
of a cup of sugar; then mix all to
gether with a quart of rich milk, or
part milk and part cream; put the
mixture into a'saucepan and set it
over the fire.
Stir it one way until it begins to
thicken, but not till it curdles; remove
from the fire and when it is cooled
put in a glass dish.
Having reserved part of the whites
of the eggs, beat them to a stiff froth,
season with three tablespoonfuls of
sugar and a teaspoonful of lemon ex
tract; spread over the top of the cus
tard. Serve cold.
Ribbons on Negligees.
The Parisian idea of negligee—and
there is a very decided cult of the
negligee over there—is not developed
a la mode unless decorative ribbons be
present in goodly quantity. Those
dainty little matinees that are mere
masses of embroidery upon some
sheer material are threaded with rib
bons to show' off the work, and there
are tie strings, sashes and bows
tucked on wherever they will make
for the most elegant appearance.
rijjfr
f II I i I 'wan* v * nfmpnwnt
f^TO SDVIYC5
A little lemon juice added to the
water when mixing will make the pas
try light.
When eggs are to be kept for any
length of time they should be stood
on the small end, not the large.
Paraffin can be used the second
time to cover jelly and jam if it is
washed clean and boiled before being
turned over the fruit again.
Unpainted wire netting not only
makes a good rest for flatirons when
several thicknesses are used, but is
most effectual to clean them on.
The short ends of candles are most
satisfactory to start a fire with, since
they burn with a steady flame till the
kindling and wood is well ignited.
The label on a glass jar will keep
clean and in place longer is pasted
on the inside. Of course, this only ap
plies where dry materials are used,
such as rice, tapioca, etc.
Smart Accessories.
Said a fashionable dressmaker: “It
does not matter so much what your
gown is, providing it is very short in
the skirt. For the elegance of your
costume you depend upon your smart
hat; upon your pretty shoes and
spats; upon your stockings; upon your
gloves, which match your shoetops,
and upon your hat, which matches all
of these things. Your dress may be
a dull brown mohair or the plainest
of black taffetas, yet you will look ele
gant. It is all on account of your
small belongings.”
There is a woman’s tailor in London
who is selling beautiful sets for recep
tion wear. In a “set” he counts the
hat, the shoes, the hose, the gloves
and the umbrella.
Embroidery Hints.
Girls who wear linen suits like to
embroider card cases to match. With
white embroidered blue suits the card
case is white and blue, and they are
done in other colors or all white.
Handkerchief bags are pretty things
and cost 25 cents ready stamped upoD
sheer linen. They are embroidered in
colors and lined with a color harmon
izing.
<£>&CJ\*.na>WHnC LfiCXMftTTNtt
Cream colored batiste, with Irish
lace flounce and coat. Orange velvet
accessories.
Sultana Cakes.
Ten ounces butter, ten ounces castoi
sugar, beat them into cream, adding
four fresh eggs by degrees, two ounces
; lemon peel, one-half pound, sultanas
previously rubbed in flour, one pound
flour, into which put one teaspoonful
of baking powder. Mix well with milk
into batter the thickness of plum pud
ding with a wooden spoon.
Bake from three-quarters to one
hour in a moderate oven.
Bead Collarette is Here.
A striking novelty, which as yet is
sacred to the most exclusive modistes
is the beadwork collarette. These do
cidedly quaint accessories are emin
ently successful, rightly applied, but
needless to say, the utmost discretion
must be observed in order that they
shall not recall too vividly the bead
work cushions which haunted the gone
decade.
Heavy Laces Little Used.
Heavy, stiff laces are rarely seet
upon sleeves and never in sleeve
flounces. The sort of lace used foi
sleeves is always transparent anc
takes the form of point applique, Honi
ton, Lierre Valenciennes, oriental anc
similar filmy laces that will fall softly
and give a misty, frothy effect to 8
sleeve.
-- <r^nrvvv
TEA GOWNS MUST BE LONG.
A tea gown should be long, and al*
though it is a fad now to shorten the
train on most skirts, the rule appar
ently does not apply to the tea gowns,
which always are far more graceful
when they are long. A matinee may
be short, but then a matinee, as its
name implies, is for morning wear. A
tea gown is for the afternoon, and
when made low neck and with elbow
sleeves and on the elaborate lines thal
are dictated at present is, of course
more or less of an evening gown and
quite possible for an at home dinner
The matinee, on the contrary, is dis
tinctively for the morning, no mattei
how elaborate in design it may be
and after 12 o’clock it is not possible.
What Situation Was Worth
- ^
Propriety of Keeping Up Appear,
ances Impressed on Officer
Holding Important Corpora,
tion Position.
Some months ago an officer holding
an important executive post in one of
the greater corporations received a
kindly, almost neighborly, call from
one of his fellow directors. This of
ficer had returned from a brief vaca
tion trip. The fellow director said
to him that in view of their long
friendship and their respect and ad
miration each for the ability and
achievements of the other, he was go
ing to speak somewhat plainly to that
officer. Then he put this question
bluntly to him:
“What will you be willing to pay to
keep your place?”
It seemed a strange question. The
executive officer did not know at first
what to make of it. He saw, of course,
that there was some kindly, although
hidden, purpose in the question and so
he answered in the spirit in which the
inquiry was put. He said that, of
course, if it were necessary and was
the proper thing to do, he would
rather pay a large sum of money than
I ■
to lose that office, for it represented
his ambition and was in line with his
achievements. “But I do not know
what you are driving at,” this officer
continued.
Then the officer was told that while,
of course, it was impossible to take
seriously the question, “What money
are you willing to take to hold the
office,” nevertheless there was a price
which he would have to pay and that
price was this: He must give up
ostentatious living, he must be es
pecially careful to observe local ordin
ances, not driving recklessly with his
automobile, he must be careful to keep
all the appearances of propriety, he
must do all things that a sober-minded,
self-respecting citizen should do, and
if his disposition led him to genteel
dissipation, riotous living or to osten
tation then the giving up of those
things was the price he would have to
pay if he desired to keep his office.
And the reason why that price was
exacted was that as officer of a cor
poration in which the public has in
vested heavily he must necessarily
heed public opinion even in the con
duct of his private life.—New York
Letter in Philadelphia Press.
The Importance of Proper Breathing
- ,
Disease Germs Find Lodgement
in Unused Portions of the
Lungs — Frequent Cause of
Dread Tuberculosis.
Air is made to enter the chest by
enlarging the chest cavity, or thorax.
This is accomplished by a downward
movement of the diaphragm and an
outward movement in all directions of
the lateral chest walls. This is large
ly accomplished by the muscles which
lift the ribs and pull them outward
from the center of the body. The
lungs are emptied by the natural re
turn of the parts to a passive state,
when the muscles cease their pulling
upon the chest walls. In ordinary
deep respiration, when the breathing
movements are not interfered with,
the movement consists chiefly of an
enlargement of the trunk in the re
gion of the waist. There is at the
same time a marked bulging forward
of the abdominal wall. This style of
breathing is sometimes, though in
correctly, termed abdominal respira
tion. In abdominal respiration proper
there is a forward movement of the
abdomen, but without marked enlarg
ing of the waist. Abdominal respira
MeT With G
—" 3
Fate of Portuguese Brig Revealed
by Its Appearance in Thick
Fog to Captain and Crew of
American Vessel.
Back on the quarter deck Medbury
was telling a curious story.
“Two years ago,” he began slowly,
with the hesitation of a man who feels
moved to confidence against his better
judgment, “we were running up the
straits to Singapore, when it suddenly
came on thick. We were close-hauled
and had just about wind enough for
steerageway, and we had the foghorn
going and were keeping a sharp look
out, for we were right in the track of
shipping, and you know how vessels
drift together in a fog no matter which
way they were heading before it
thickened up. Well, we hadn’t heard
a peep all day and toward night it
seemed to be lifting a little, when I
heard the man at the wheel give a
little cry, and, looking astern, there,
not a cable length away, was a dingy,
raveled out Portuguese brig slipping
right across our wake.
“They hadn't made a sound and they
didn't even then, though our old man
It-.
tion is most frequently seen in seden
tary men and infants. The opposite
style of breathing, known as costal
breathing, is seen in women who ha
bitually wear waist-constricting gar
ments. The principal movement is
at the top of the chest.
Neither costal nor abdominal res
piration is capable of bringing the
lungs fully into action. Only such por
tions of the lungs act as lie in con
tact with a portion of the chest wall
which moves during the respiratory
effort, and in those parts which lie in
contact with portions of the chest
wall which remain idle the air stag
nates. Carbonic acid gas and other
poisonous matters accumulate. The
living cells are thereby poisoned and
paralyzed. Pneumonia germs and
other disease-producing microbes and
especially the germs of tuberculosis
are likely to find lodgment in these
idle parts. The paralyzed cells are
easily overcome by the invading
germs and so an acute inflammation
may be set up, or, still worse, that
dreadful disease, pulmonary tubercu
losis, or consumption, obtains a foot
' hold.
hostly Vessel
it-.
got black in the face with cursing
them for their sins. There was a black
whiskered old fellow, with his coat
collar turned up about his ears, at
the wheel, but he scarcely looked our
direction; only once he wagged his
beard at us and threw one arm over
his head in a funny way, and then
squinted aloft again, paying no more
attention to us than if we'd been so
much seaweed. But just forward the
forerigging there was a row of sailor
men leaning over the rail and their
eyes followed us like a lot of beady
birds’ eyes till the fog swallowed them
up again.
“Well, the day after we reached
Singapore the old man came aboard in
a brown study. He said he’d heard
ashore that there’d been a lot of dirty
weather knocking about the straits
and a Portuguese brig called the Villa
Real was forty days overdue. Well,
she stayed overdue, and not a splinter
or spunyarn of her ever came ashore.’*
He paused a moment to relight his
pipe and then added: “On the stern
of the Portuguese brig we had seen
in big white letters a foot high, was
the name of Villa Real.”—Century.
Stamped Particular Date on Forehead
__ ^ --■■■-- - - -
Novelist. Knowing His Weakness.
Has Great Scheme to Keep
Himself at Work—Puts Iodine
to Good Use.
“One of my clients." says a lawyer,
“Is a well known novelist whose name,
of course, I can’t give you. He is a
^curious character—not exactly lazy,
tut always being diverted from, his
work on the slightest excuse. His
trouble is that he is such a capital
fellow he will take up with any sug
gestion made to him to go anywhere
or to do anything. He loves compan
ionship, and is restless if he stays for
any length of time in the house.
“Well, one day some of his business
needed his immediate attention, and
I called him up on the telephone.
“ ‘I can’t come down,’ he answered,
“‘Sick?’ I asked.
“ ‘No, not sick,’ replied he, ‘but I
can’t go out—that’s all. Better drop
in here with the papers you want me
to sign as you go up town.’
“I could not imagine why a man who
was not ill should not be able or will
ing to attend to such important busi
ness. But when I met him at the
door of his apartment I could see
quickly enough why he had no wish
to appear in public. Across his fore
head, written in a brownish yellow,
was a date—Jan. 30.
‘‘I couldn’t help laughing, and he
looked at me in a puzzled way for a
second, and then he said, ‘O, I see.
You are wondering what this date on
ray face is for.’
“ ‘Yes,’ said I. ‘Who wrote it
there?’
“ ‘I did.’
“ ‘You did!’ I cried, wondering if he
was insane.
“ ‘Yes,’ he replied. ‘You know what
a great hand I am for flying here and
there and neglecting my work? Well,
I have hit on a scheme to fool myself.
When I have a lot of work to do I take
some iodine and write the date up
here. It won’t wash ofT, and a man
can hardly go about much with it on.
It wears off after several days. Mean
: while, here I stay and write like
fury!”’—Youth’s Companion.
Paying for Life’s Prizes
_ 'M- i -- --
Health and Happiness Too Much
to Give for Anything the World
Has to Offer, Is Tom Watson’s
Opinion.
Where is the recompense ./hich re
pays to the slave of ambition the loss
of the sunny days in. the fields, the
myriad voices of the autumn woods
and the leisure hours at the fireside of
a happy home?
Shall there be no rest for weary feet
in this mad race for fame and wealth
and position? Shall there be no fur
lough from this all-devouring army?
Shall there never come a time when
the rainy day is mine and the long,
sweet hours in the quiet library?
Shall the fever of pursuit so entire
ly enslave us that there shall be no
hour that belongs to friendship, none
that belongs to solitude and reflection,
none to memory and the sacred teach
ings of regret?
Tom Reed once said to me, says
Thomas Watson in his magazine:
“We are not judged by character; we
are judged by reputation.”
Just so; and perhaps that’s the very
reason why it is worth while to stress
the fact that reputation is not worth
the price we pay—for surely the real
value of the man is his character and
not his reputation.
Get all the fame that flows from a
good, industrious life. Such a fame is
as healthy as the light that pours
from a star, as unfeverish as the halo
that follows sterling worth.
Get all the money you can honestly
get. You owe it to yourself and to
those who depend on you to bring the
vessel into port, if you can, safe from
the storm.
The man who says he loves being
poor is a liar and he takes you for
a fool; else he wouldn’t tell you so.
Win position in life, if you feel that
duty calls you there.
No man can underrate the import
ance of fame, of wealth, or of position,
but the man who pays his health and
his happiness and his life for them
pays too much.
Heavy and Light Weight Seeds.
At the Minnesota Experiment Sta
tion analyses were made of heavy and
light weight seeds of barley, oats and
wheat. The heavy weight seeds were
solid and well filled. The light weight
seeds were imperfectly tilled. It was
found in the light weight seeds that
the proportion of nitrogen, phosphor
us and potassium was greater than
in the heavy weight seeds. In the
heavy weight seeds, the amount of
starch was so great that the propor
tion of the other elements was small.
It was, however, learned that the ag
gregate amount of nitrogen, phos
phorus and potassium w’as greater in
the heavy weight seeds. The mere
fact of the percentage of the three
elements being greater in the low
weight seeds counts for nothing when
the product of an acre is considered;
that is, from the producer’s stand
point, because an acre would produce
more nitrogen in the heavy weight
seeds than in the light weight seeds.
But from the feeder’s standpoint, it
is different. It may . be that the light
weight seeds on the basis of a hun
dred pounds for the food of any live
stock, including -xmltry, would be
greater than with the plump seed. It
would appear to be to the advantage
to the man in buying seed for feeding
to select the low weight seed, while
it would be for the interest of the
man raising the seed to produce the
plump seed, as he would thus sell off
from his farm a great deal of starch,
which is a product of the atmosphere.
In selling the low weight seeds, he
would be disposing of nitrogen, phos
phorus and potassium at very low
prlcesr possibly below their* value as
a fertilizer.
Alfalfa in Indiana.
Indiana, as well as neighboring
states, is interested in the growing of
alfalfa. Experiments in all parts of
the state where it is grown have
shown all kinds of results. In some
places the returns have been good,
and in others not enough alfalfa has
been obtained to pay the cost of the
seed. It is well that Professor Fish
er has undertaken to find out the
requisites for obtaining a good stand
of alfalfa in Indiana. He has tried the
growing of this plant under a variety
of conditions and a variety of treat
ments. He comes to the conclusion
that any Indiana soil tLat will grow
corn will also grow alfalfa, but that
open soils are most to be preferred.
He finds inoculation of the soil to be
generally desirable, and in some cases
it is absolutely necessary to secure a
stand. In corresponding with a large
number of farmers, he found the
causes of failure were various. One
of these causes was poor drainage;
another was pasturing the alfalfa
while it was young, the stock eat
ing it down to the ground. In some
places weeds grew up and took posses
sion of the field before the alfalfa
could get a start. In some cases, In
oculation was not practiced where it
should have been, and no crop result
ed. The causes that have led to fail
ure in Indiana are the same causes
that result in failure in other parts of
the humid west.
Advantages of Good Culture.
Reports from the Ontario Experi
ment Station give a report of the an
nual yields of different crops in On
tario for the past twenty-three years.
Some of the yields per acre are as
follows: Barley, 1,301 pounds; win
ter wheat, 1,218 pounds; oats, 1,217
pounds; peas, 1,170 pounds; beans,
1,026 pounds; spring wheat, 942
pounds; buckwheat, 936 pounds; rye,
913 pounds. These same crops, ex
cept beans, show an average consider
ably higher for* the years 1902, 1903
and 1904 than for the 23 years. Dur
ing the last three years also these
have been tried in co-operative experi
ments, many hundreds of farmers co
operating in growing certain crops
under the direction of the experiment
station. The average yields on these
farms have been much larger than on
the average farms of the province.
The reason is easy to understand.
These men are in touch with the ex
periment station work, many of them
having been students themselves at
the agricultural college or having had
sons there who brought back to the
farm the information gained. The fact
that the farms of these men have pro
duced larger crops shows that success
in farming is the result of intelligence
and information. When knowledge Is
generally disseminated among the
farmers, the whole average yield will
be brought up to the point now made
by the best farms.
Ground Lime Rock.
The use of ground lime rock
on lands inclined to be acidy is
highly to be recommended. There
should be more mills for the g'ind
ing of thi3 rock than now exist.
Every county that Is largely under
laid with lime rock should have at
least one place within it where ground
lime rock can be obtained. This
would greatly simplify the matter of
getting the ground rock to market, as
the farmers would in many instances
do the hauling themselves. There are
numerous counties In the southern
part of Illinois where this rock is
abundant, but where the soil contains
so much acid that clover, peas and
alfalfa cannot be grown.
Covering an Open Ditch.
When it is decided to put tile in the
open ditch and cover it the temptation
is always to do the work less perfectly
than it should be done. One temptation
is to follow the curvature of the bot
tom of the ditch, and the other is not
to go down to a firm foundation in lay
ing the tile. A string of tile laid accord
ing to the curvature of some open
ditches will result in trouble for years
to come. Ultimately it will cause the
work to be done over again at a great
er expense than at first. The man that
tiles the open ditch should not permit
himself to be swerved from a straight
line, and this straight line should be
followed even if it does lead to cut
ting sharply into one side of the ditch.
MNDK
Mixing Tree Fruits.
For a great many years I have ob
served among the orchards that are
planted around me that the orchards
that are all of one variety bear less
evenly than where the fruits are
mixed. I know of a great many in
stances where pollenization was im
perfect because only one variety was
grown. In discussing the matter with
orchardists, I have been very much
surprised to find that there are very
many men that know absolutely noth
ing about the necessity for cross pol
lenization. My first observations of
this kind came nearly fifteen years
ago, when the matter of cross-pollen
ization of plums was but just receiv
ing the attention of our scientists.
After that came the cross-pollenization
of pears, the Kieffer being a pear that
in many situations refused to produce
fruit unless the Garber or some other
fruit was grown near it. I remember
being in a large pear orchard that
had long since developed enough to
bear fruit, but yet bore no fruit. I
asked the owner why he did not grow
some other pear in the orchard. He
replied that he had never known that
it needed cross-pollenization. After
that he grafted a part of the trees
with the Garber, and in a few years
the orchard became fruitful. A great
many people do not like to plant more
than one variety in an orchard, espe
cially if it is a commercial orchard,
and when they do, they plant alter
nate rows with different varieties.
The result is a pretty good polleniza
tion except where the ends of trees
of the same variety come together.
There the pollenization is imperfect,
while the pollenization of the sides is
perfect. The planters say that they
hold to this arrangement because they
want whole rows of the same variety
for harvesting and packing. If they
would but consider the matter they
would find that the same end might
be obtained by alternating the trees
in the rows. If one will but draw on
paper the arrangement indicated he
will find that all the cross rows and
longitudinal rows are mixed in variety,
but he will also find that the diagonal
rows are all of the same variety. The
arrangement of every other tree of
the same variety would give diagonal
rows all of the same variety. The
great advantage is that each tree is
surrounded with four trees of the
other variety, and cross-pollenization
is then as perfect as it is possible to
have it.—John Y. Smith, Alexander
Co., 111., in Famers’ Review.
Spade Deeply for Trees.
When a new tree is to be set out
the ground should be well prepared
for it. When large plantations are to
be put in, a plough may be used in
the preparation of the ground. More
often, however, the spade is used for
preparing the ground in which trees
are to be set. The depth of the spade
is about ten inches, which is about
four inches more than the depth of or
dinary plowing. The depth of the
spade should be the measure used in
turning over the ground for trees. The
space so prepared should be ten feet
or more in diameter, and this pre
pared space should be increased as
the tree grows. The object of the en
largement of the space is to prevent
the forming of a natural water-tight
basin in which water would accumu
late to the detriment of the tree.
Water and Orchards.
' For a long time it has been
a mystery why certain varieties
of apples would do well in New
York, New England, and even
colder places, and yet would freeze
to death on the soil of Illinois and
Iowa, where the temperature is higher
during the winter than in the eastern
states. W’ithin a few years the opinion
has gained ground that the water sup
ply in, the soil plays an important part
in the “wintering” of the tree. When
so-called tender fruits have been
killed out in Illinois and neighboring
states, here and there near bodies of
water the trees have safely passed
the winter. The natural inference
seems to be that it was cold combined
with dryness that resulted in the loss
of the trees.
Heading of Shade Trees.
How a shade tree should be headed
w’ill depend on its location. If it is on
the edge of the lawn out of the way of
passing teams and peopled it may be
headed low. Some of the most beau
tiful trees on the edges of lawns are
those that have their limbs almost on
the ground, but in other situations it
is better to head trees high, both that
they may have more beauty and that
the lawn under them may be pre
served. The head of the tree should
in nearly all cases be kept thinned out
sufficiently to permit the passage of
rays of light; otherwise many of the
inside limbs will die. A mistake in
this matter has often resulted in trees
or parts of trees being killed.
Changes in Plants.
For twenty years the scientists have
been working oirthe problem of chang
ing the chemical makeup of plants.
Corn is being bred to give, in some
strains more protein, in others more
starch, and in others more oil. We have
yet to learn whether the changes made
will become permanent. About all of
our economic , plants have been so
modified by cultivation that their
original characteristics have in some
cases entirely disappeared.
Bad Pruning of Ornamentals. 4
Many/ornamental trees are ruined
by bad pruning. Every tree has its own
characteristic shape, which distin
guishes it from other trees. It la de.
sirable to retain the Individual shape
so that variety may be had. One of
the most common mistakes in bad
pruning is to attempt to make all
trees assume the same- shape The
natural growth of the tree should be
encouraged. Dead and blighted
Thant£fS fh°uld ht kept dimmed ofT
rhe thinning out should not be enough
the^tre'e y change tbe aPPearance of
, TheK Sll is a So°d time to paint
farm buildings, as the rain has bv thSr
time laid the dust. J
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