?^II0TBJED^qF^0l5?U^ ? 1 Penal Institutions in Many States Proved to Be | f Breeding Places of Tuberculosis J It is the duty of the state to protect its citizens—even those condemned to pass a term of years in jail. The dan ger to the inmates of prisons, from pulmonary disease, has only lately teen realized. A short time since a man who had served a sentence in the Ohio penitentiary, declared that to send him back meant death tuberculosis. Inquiry was made. Tt-e head physician announced tha? the building was a hotbed of consump tion. A prominent official stated that a ten years’ sentence was equivalent to condemning a man to death—by pulmonary tuberculosis. Dr. S. A. Knopf, the greatest Ameri can authority on tuberculosis, was in vited to visit the penitentiary. With out hesitation he pronounced it the most unsanitary penal institution he had ever seen. The output of many prisons is enough to convince of the truth of the above statements. The sallow com plexions, weakened bodies, sunken chests of the ex-convicts, all are the stamp of murderous prison hygiene. All the rules for combatting the great white plague are reversed. For sun light, they are given darkness; for fresh air, a damp, musty atmosphere; for out-of-door life a weary in-door grind, a large part spent within the narrow confines of a single cell. Is it not enough to take from a fel low being his liberty and appropriate the labor of his hands, without forc ing him to live under such conditions? Dare the state continue to condemn any of its citizens to such a death? Shall the sentence in a public prison cease at its legal expiration, or shall the poor victim continue to suffer from its dire effects until he fills a consumptive’s grave? In this day of Anti-Tuberculosis agitation, it would seem that public institutions, whether asylums, schools, prisons or assembly halls should be the first to be brought under proper sanitary conditions. It is useless, hopeless to educate the masses in re gard to the cure and prevention of tuberculosis and then maintain at public expense hotbeds for the de velopment of consumptives to be fin ally turned loose in the community. The Tonic Use of Water. Cold water is the universal tonic. The best time for taking a cold bath for tonic effect is just after getting cut of bed in the morning, when the body is warm. A cold bath should never be taken when one is chilled. One not accustomed to cold bathing should begin carefully with water not colder than 75 deg. F. The bath should be short, not to exceed a minute, and for feeble persons not more than fif teen or thirty seconds when applied to the whole surface. The bath should be immediately followed by rubbirg and exercise for fifteen to thirty minutes. There should always be good reaction; that is. the whole surface, including the hands and feet, should quickly become warm. The 1 ath should not be followed by lan guor, headache, lassitude or other in dications of excessive reaction. When one experiences such symptoms, the indication is that the bath was too long or too cold or not followed by sufficient exercise. For feeble, very >oung or elderly persons the water used should rarely be lower than 65 degrees to 75 degrees in winter. The bath should be taken in a suitably warmed room. As We Live, We Are. If we look down, then our shoulders stoop. If our thoughts look down, then our character bends. It is only when we hold our heads up that our body becomes erect. It is only when our thoughts go up that our life be comes erect. Physiology In English Public Schools. Sixteen thousand English physi cians have signed a petition request ing Parliament to inaugurate syste matic instruction in the public schools of Great Britain in relation to the preservation of health, especi ally in relation to the evil effects of alcoholic drinks. It is hoped that this petition will be granted. Slaughter of the Innocents. A study of statistics reveals the ter rible fact that nearly one-half of all the human beings born into the world die before the age of five years. In the city of Stetten. Germany, nearly one-half—473 out of every thousand— die during the first year of their lives. In Ireland, Scotland, Norway and Swe den, where children are given better care, have more outdoor life, and more intelligent attention is given to feeding, the number of deaths is only one-fiftieth as many as in the city of Stetten, beim; ten per cent. Physicians are coming to recognize that the use of cow’s milk, which is infected with the germs of tubercu losis, is one of the most active of ail the causes of death among young cbild-en. This should be remem bered in the artificial feeding of in fants. The milk should either be boiled or well scalded before being fed to the infant. This rule should be universally observed for adults as well as for children, and, if applied, will save thousands of lives annually. A Safety Valve. In the Ladies’ Home Journal a writer tells of an interesting visit which he paid when a boy to the “Autocrat of the Breakfast Table.” After breakfast Dr. Holmes took the boy into a basement room, which was fitted up as a complete 'carpenter’s shop, and gave him the following ad vice, wrhich he considered would be of more value to him than anything he had ever written: “You know I am a doctor, and this shop is my medicine. I believe that every man must have a hobby that is as different from his regular work as it is possible to be. It is not good for a man to work all the time at one thing. So this is my hobby. This is my change. I like to putter away at these things. Every day I try to come down here for an hour or so. It rests me because it gives my mind a complete change. For, whether you believe it or not,” he added, with his inimitable chuckle, “to make a poem and to make a chair are two very different things. “Now. if you think you can learn something from me, learn that, and remember it when you are a man. Don't keep always at your business, whatever it may be. It makes no difference how much you like it. The more you like it, the more dangerous it is. When you grow up, you will understand ,**hat I mean by an ‘out let.’ Every man must have an ‘out let’—a hobby—that is, in his life, and it must be so different from his regu lar work that it will take his work into an entirely different direction. We doctors call It a ‘safety valve,’ and it is. I would much rather," con cluded the poet, "you would forget all that I have ever written than that you should forget what I tell you about having a safety valve.” For a Cold. The daily cold bath is one of the rrost effective safeguards against taking cold. Of equal importance is abundance of fresh air in the sleep ing apartment. Upon the first symp toms of “a cold,” deep breathing ex ercises in the open air or in a well ventilated room should be taken at frequent intervals. In nearly all cases where this simple treatment is taken, there will be no further de velopment of the cold, and the symp toms will disappear. A doctor con nected with a large institution for children recently tried this method upon the inmates with surprising suc cess. “There is nothing,” he writes, “more irritable than a cough. For a time I have been so fully assu-ed of this that I determined, for one min ute at least, to lessen the number of coughs heard in a certain ward of the hospital of the institution. By the promise of rewards and punish ments. I succeeded in having the chil dren simply hold their breath when tempted to cough, and in a little while I was myself surprised to see how some of the children entirely recov ered from the disease. "Let a person, when tempted to cough, draw a long breath, and hold it until it warms and soothes every air-cell, and some benefit will soon be received from this process. The nitrogen which is thus refined acts as an anodyne to the mucous mem brane, allaying the desire to cough, and giving the throat and lungs a chance to heal.” RECIPES. Noodles with Cranberries.—Beat well one egg. or more according to the need, incorporating with each a tablespoonful of cold water and a pinch of salt. Knead in flour sufficient to make a stiff dough. Roll as thin as thin pasteboard. Let it dry on one side and then on the other, frequently turning it. but do not let it become dry enough to crack when rolled. Roll it very compactly: with a very sharp knife cut thin slices from the end until all is used. Let these dry thor oughly (they may be prepared sev eral days before needed) and cook in boiling salted water about twenty minutes. Drain in a colander, and give a dash of cold water to prevent pastiness. Reheat, and serve with strained cranberry sauce as a dress ing. Any other fruit may be used. Any of the various forms of macaroni may be substituted for the noodles. Lanse Brod.—Beat one egg into one cup of milk. Add salt and a spoonful of sugar. Dip Into it slices of stale bread and brown them nicely on a well-oiled pancake griddle. Serve while hot. Remarkable Pension Claim. George Staff, a Civil War veteran, living near Prospect, Pa., has a pecu liar claim against the government for back pension, amounting to $1,400. He was discharged at the close of the war and given $12 a month for disa bilities. Some years ago Staff, while living n jar in Beaver county, was the subject of lunacy proceedings insti tuted bj the local authorities, and as a result was sent to Dixmont and later to Danville. Here he was allowed considerable freedom, and acting on the suggestion of a farmer whom he frequently visited, Staff decamped. He resided in turn in Virginia, Ohio and Missouri, and then drifted back to his native county. He bases his claim on the ground that he has been restored to his rights for a number of years and is entitled to the back pen sion. He seems in full possession of bis faculties. Test Soldiers’ Uniforms. Trials are now being made in the German army as to whether the blue and dark uniforms of the infantry had better be exchanged for gray clothes. ■A-r'i-i-.v. ~T"inTifM»r iipt iinnr~~i irrn' iniroxi umi'ii i n n m At Least One Case on Record. When Isaac O. Barnes of New Hampshire, who was collector of cus toms about fifty years ago in Boston, was confined to his bed in his last sickness, about six weeks before his death he sent in haste for his physi , cian and upon the doctor’s arrival | said: “I’m dyin’, doctor. I’m dyin’.” The physician ridiculed the idea, and reaching under the bed clothing said: “Mr. Barnes, your feet are warm. Did you ever know of any one djing with warm feet?” The answer ('f.me back quick as a flash: “Yes, John Rogers did.” Russian Vegetarian. One of the most extreme vegetari ans is the well known Russian sculp tor, Prince Troubetzkoi, who recently visited Paris. He considers meat eat ers not much better than cannibals, taboos even eggs and milk and lives on vegetables boiled In oil. salads, fruits and bread. At his home in St! Petersburg he has a number of ani mals, including a bear, two wolves ■ and nine dogs, none of which is ever 1 allowed to eat meat I STORY of FREAK TRAVEL Here i£ a travel story somewhat dif fering from the parlor-car variety: A j son of ex-Treasurer Harmcn of Vir ginia, with but three cents cash capi tal, but millions in love cf excite- | ment, adventure and nature, be thought himself, when in San Fran cisco, to take a stroll across the con tinent. He induced a friend—like i himself, an educated man—to accom- ; pany him, and in three Weeks they reached I.os Angeles. Five weeks ; more brought them to Albuquerque (N. M.), where they decided to walk i the rest of the distance by proxy, as j they had earned a few dollars and could buy a rickety covered cart and a span of three donkeys, one of which gave birth to a colt, thus the wagon entered New York as a four-in-hand. That, however, was after a two months’ pause in St. Louis, so that the •travelers might take in the World's I fair and, incidentally, add to their ex- j chequer, for to get across Ohio, fer- i riage must be paid (at Steubenville) i to evade which would not be possible. As it was. they came near breaking down there for lack of one cent neces sary to complete the toll, but 96 per cent of which they were able to pro duce to the ferryman. They had fa- , vorable weather to Pittsburg, there after it was otherwise. Illinois coun try people, they claim, are singularly inhospitable, refusing even water to the wayfarer. Between San Francisco and New York they collected over 2,000 auto graphs on their wagon top of canvas. Otherwise their long trip appears to ha-.? been disappointingly uneventful, for they tell no tales of adventures, nor of hair-breadth escapes.—From the magazine “Travel.” Illustrations from Brooklyn Eagle. DOG THOUGHT IT ALL OUT. Circumstances That Proved the Ani mal Reasoned. “I see,” said the St. Louis man, “that the question of whether animals think or not is now being much dis cussed in the papers.” “And which side do you take?” was asked. “I know they think. When I was a boy I went after harvest apples once and the farmer's dog drove me up a tree and kept me there for five hours.” “But that doesn't prove that he had thoughts.’ “Hold on. The farmer was away from home and didn't return until sun down, and then he took me down out of the tree and gave me the walloping of my life. In the first place, the dog knew his master was gone; in the sec ond, he know that he wouldn’t be back until sundown; thirdly, he knew that if he came back and found me, I'd get a hiding; lastly, if it wasn't all reasoned out, why didn't he leave me at the end of four hours to bite a tramp who was stealing turnips far ther down the road? I still have one more reason.” “'nd that is?” ‘*'hat three months later, when I met that dog on the steps of the meeting house of a Sunday, he bolted fcr home like a streak of greased lightning. Would he have done that if he hadn’t thought I had a brickbat un der my jacket?”—Chicago News. Japanese Woman’s Generosity. No Japanese in the struggle before Port Arthur ever showed more gen erosity and courage than did an ob scure Japanese woman far from the scenes of war. When Miss Helen Keller was at the exposition in St. Louis she visited the Japanese tea house, and for a few minutes shook hands with some of the waitresses, little olive-skinned women who spoke almost no English, but expressed their interest and intelligence without rt'ords. Many weeks after Miss Kel ler had returned to Boston she heard from an official of the exposition that cne of the Japanese waitresses had gore to a St. Louis physician and asked to have one of her eyes taken out and given to Miss Keller. When she. told that such a gift was impossible, she wept in bitter disap pointment. Died of Improvements. A good, poor German of Saxonville recently sent his sick wife to the Framingham hospital. For many days he wended his weary way there to find out how she was getting along. He was told each day that she was improving. Though he called daily for three weeks he regularly got the same answer—“improving.” At last a telephone message informed him that she was dead. He was seen going along with head bent with gr’ef, and when one of his neighbors asked whaf his wife died of he answered: “Died of improve ments.” Agreed With Him. Marcus Morton, the Democratic gov ernor of Massachusetts, who defeated Edward Everett by a single vote, was a politician of much sagacity and finesse. One election day. as he stood in line at the rolling booth, when he was a candidate for governor, he tore off his own rame from the ticket, ex claiming with spectacular modesty, calculated to increase his vote: “I can’t vote for that man; I know him too well.” “Neither can I,” said the man be hind him, tearing off his name also. “I know him too well.” Father Gopon as He Is To-day. Father Gopon of St. Petersburg is reported to be greatly changed in his appearance, his long, luxuriant chest nut hair and flowing beard having been shorn. He is now clean shaven, except a small bristly mustache. HU hair Is cropped close, like a prize fighter’s; his complexion is pale and sallow, his health delicate and his eyes bright and feverish. He is re ported to be studying French and watching event*. | “The Scapegoat Sex.” “The Scapegoat Sex” would be an excellent title for a lightly written article. “Personally, of course, I do not want a title, but it would please my wife to be addressed as 'my lady,’ ” says one man, and as a matter of fact he is much more anxious to be knighted than his wife to be “her ladyship.” “I have to go to the duchess of to-night. Those entertainments bore me terribly, but they amuse my wife and daughters.” If the women of the family are eager to be identified with “society” they have probably caught the disease from the father. “My wife,” says another, in the strictest confidence, “makes many en emies for me by not asking old and r FOUND IN OLD OAR WAS WILL OF NATHAN WEATH ERSBY OF NEW YORK. Title to Much Valuable Property In volved in the Discovery—Plate and Jewels Also in Receptacle Strangely Brought to Light. Concealed for a century and more, the will of Nathan Weathersliy lay in the heart of a giant oak that long had been a landmark of the old Dale place, opposite the Lackawanna station here, rays a Lincoln Park (N. J.) corre spondent of the New York Press, until Charles Gulickson this morning chop ped down the tree and lay bare the secret of lit! years. The musty testa ment, signed in 1789, lay among other time-yellowed papers in a battered tin Lox at the bottom of the tree’s hollow. It looked like little mere than a scrap of paper when Gulickson turned it out of the box. yet it may be worth hundreds of thousands of dollars, for in it Weathersby bequeathed to his sons Charles and Andrew twelve acres cf land on Manhattan island, now sup posed to be a valuable part cf Harlem of Washington heights. Save that the land left to the sons is in the bor ough’s upper part, its location is not known, but if it is anywhere in Man hattan its value logically has in creased hundreds of times. That the will is a serious document and yet may be the basis of extensive litigation is evident from the fact that a deed to the land lay beside it when Gulickson opened the box. In the sec ond instrument it is stated formally that the twelve acres are at the north ern end of the island, and the boun daries of the plot are set forth in the stilted legal phrases of the period, but they are not clear when read in the light of the modern metropolitan plat ting system, it is said, and much-diffi culty doubtless will be experienced in establishing their accuracy to the sat isfaction cf Jhe courts. Nevertheless, laymen who have seen the deed be lieve it ultimately will be accepted. Other papers were found in the box, but they were not the whole of the f.nd. A dull glow at the bottom of the hollow when the Swede’s ax let the first ray of sunlight into the cavity betrayed the presence of pieces of sil ver that plainly once were the treas ured ornaments of a colonial home. Battered, dented, tarnished, the silver ware still showed its fineness under the coating of decades. It included twelve teaspoons, . as many table spoons. the same number of forks and a gold-lined tea set, consisting of a sugar bowl, spoonholder and cream ewer. A faint sparkle glinted from gems crusted with the dust of many years, most of which were in heavy gold settings. The box lay close to the plate and jewelry. The documents, in addition OVER MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL The First Transporter-Bridge in Britain, Connecting Widnes and Runcorn. The bridge, connecting I^ancashire with Cheshire, a detour of about thir teen miles round by Warrington. A j lattice-work bridge is hung between two high towers, and along this runs the transporter—a car for the convey • ance of vehicles and foot-passengers. I The car receives its complement at i the level of the ordinary roadway and is then raised to the rails on the bridge, 82 feet above the estuary of the Mersey. The great height is to allow the passage of ships on the Manchester ship canal, crossed by the bridge at the Chester end.—Illus trated London News. ■wV^i^WWWVW^WNA^/VSA^VWWV' dear friends of mine to her entertain ments.” May he be forgiven, for it is he who has suggested the list, as they would not look well among those of the more fashionable men and women who now condescend to come to the house. ‘‘We were happy in Bayswater, but my wife was determined to move to Belgravia." It is commonly said that women are Indiscreet; were they to tell a thousandth of what they know there is scarcely a man who would look his fellow men in the face.— London Truth. Wealthy Man Is Punctual. One of the traditions at the Stand ard Oil building at 26 Broadway, New York, is that Henry H. Rogers, vice president of the Standard Oil Com pany, arrives and departs exactly at 10:30 in the morning and 3:30 in the afternoon. One morning recently the veteran watchman, who stands at the Broadway entrance to the building, was seen to take out his watch when Mr. Rogers hurried in, look at it and confidently set it forward ten minutes. Cullman Diamond in London. The Cullinan diamond, 3,032 carats, ! which arrived in London from Cape Town, by mail, was at once taken to the Standard bank of South Africa. St. Clement’s lane, where it will be kept for the present. It may be placed on public exhibition. Exterminate Mosquitoes in Panama. Every week the canal commission imports no less than two hundred tons of insect powder, and two hun dred tons of sulphur bars into Pana ma. These are used in exterminating the mnsnuitoes • to the will and deed, were mostly re ceipts, but one of them was a mort gage on another parcel of land in Man hattan. By whom the documents and treasure could have been placed in the tree is beyond the conjecture of the oldest dweller in this region. The tree is so old that it was a veteran when Lincoln Park’s grandsires were boys. Charles Dale owns the property on which the tree stood. The land once belonged to a wealthy old family named Harris. The Harris homestead is a fine old house, even to-day. Mrs. Mary A. Livermore’s Grapes. A good story is told by Mrs. Mary A. Livermore about some boys who were stealing grapes from her yard. Looking out of her window she saw them taking her grapes without her permission. She raised the window and told them to wait a minute and she would cut some for them. One boy spoke up and said, “There ain’t any to of the ground. The best results have been obtained between the rows of cur rants. The currant bushes protect the paper from the wind till it gets pack ed close to the ground, and the green leaves of the bushes hide the paper from sight.—John Y. Smith, Alexan der Co., 111., in Farmers’ Review. Smut on Onions. People that raise onions from seed sometimes notice dusty outbreak on the plants raised from seed. The fun gus becomes established in the soil, and such soil should be avoided for the growing of onions from seed, though it may be used for the growing of transplanted onions. If it is neces sary to continue to use the soil for the growing of onions from seed the following treatment is recommended: Mix 100 pounds of sulphur with 50 pounds of air-slaked lime. This should be the application for one acre of land and it should be sown in the drills at the time of planting the seed. The Connecticut station reports that one pound of formalin in 30 gallons of water makes a mixture that may be sprinkled over the seed before it Is covered with the soil and that this will prevent the growth of the rust fungus. Some growers use a fertilizer drill and drill into the land per acre from 75 to 125 bushels per acre of ground lime. This helps to hold back the disease. ' I « Plant Breeding. Plant breeding is a modern idea, though it has been practiced unsc - entifically for thousands of years. The breeding of plants is not exactly par allel with the breeding of animals, f*>r crossing is not a very large factor in # the work of the so-called plant breeder. Selection of the best plants for parentage is the main factor aT the present time as it ever has been. Thus, the various kinds of celery that we have on our markets can ■ from careful selection of the best in older varieties, and very seldom re sulted from crossing except as nature made the crosses. We are just at the beginning of the science of plant breeding, and will ul timately use the principle of eros~ in - plants to get new varieties. Some re markable things are sometimes done by means of this crossing. We have seen yellow tomatoes growing be? !e red tomatoes, and from the interm x ing of the pollen, seed has been pro duced that the next year gave toma toes the form of the yellow ones but with the rich color of the reds. This is but an example that wi 1 illustrate the great possibilities in plant breeding. The slow progress we are making is due to the fad that we have left almost everything to na ture, and nature is not interested, in producing plants of unusul service t<» man. Nature is as much interested in a tomato as in a man. and her only plan is to preserve it on the earth Within the next twenty year? the science of plant breeding will entire ly revolutionize the conditions under which our gardening is being earned on. The vegetables that today are standard will have dropped behind and be little grown. Other varieties, better for eating or with a better ap pearance, will have come to the front, and we cannot but see that this change will go on indefinitely, as there seems to be no end to the p -- bilities in the science of plant breei ing. Barrels or Boxes. In a communication to the Farmer Review. David Ruble says: “Why don’t the fruit dealers adopt the arp - box in place of the apple barrel*. The box is easier to handle, pack? up in less space, does not bruise tt< fruit, sells better, and should not b so expensive. The lumber here (Ore gon) costs but ten cents per box an i the cost of making is two cent?. For holding a bushel of apples we make a box here of the following dimension? 18 inches long, 13 inches wide and ten inches deep. We use beards cut as follows: Two boards three-fourth? inch thick 13$10 inches; two board? one-half inch thick 14x19*4 inches; two boards five-eights inch thick lOx 19*4 inches.” We publish Mr. Ruble’s figures a? he gives them, but we do not qui'e understand the force of the last three sets of figures. The apple box is coming into use more and more, but it is evident that it will have to be made very cheap to drive out the bar rel. According to the estimate of cost by Mr. Ruble, three boxes would cost 36 cents, which is about what barrels can be purchased for in some parts of the apple producing region* The box will have to be made much cheaper than that unless barrels g still higher. Barrels have some ad vantages over boxes in the mind? oi the men that handle apples. They claim that less handling is require with barrels than with boxes, and that the barrel can be rolled while the box cannot. In loading and unload ing barrels from trains and ships a? well wagons many establishment? have arrangements for rolling the bar rels up or down inclines, which fact.: tate their handling. Mr. Ruble say that “the boxes pack closer.” but It - is used as one objection to the box by shippers of fruit, as they say th> re is then no room for the circulation f air around the fruit packages.—Far mers’ Review. Kerosene Emulsion. To make kerosene emulsion use twc gallons of kerosene, one-half pound common soap and one gallon ol water. Dissolve the soap in hot water, add the kerosene, and churn all together until a white creamy mass is formed which thickens on cooling. This must be diluted before using by adding nine gallons of water to each one gallon of the emulsion. Powdery Mildew of Cherry. This disease is shown by the forma tion of a cobweb -like growth over the leaves, and in fall also forming numerous minute black bodies, espe cially on under surfaces. The disea se is worst on young trees, especiallv in the nurseries. It is controlled by spraying with Bordeaux mixture or with Potassium Sulphide. Hellebore. This is one of our best insecticides for use in checking currant worm and asparagus beetle. It has the ad vantages of not being highly poison ous, though it is poisonous to some extent and should be kept away from children and animals. It can be scattered on the wet bush es or may be dissolved in water for sprinkling on dry bushes. This latter is probably the best way to use it and the way in which there will be least waste. It is so effective that It is a wonder that anyone will try to keep down the worms by hand-picking. Winter or Summer Eggs. Wo hear much about getting win- ^ ter eggs, and yet many people make more money out of summer eggs than out of winter eggs. We visited a large poultry establishment in the latter part of the winter and found the hens not laying at all. The owner said that he was so feeding them that they would not lay till spring. He sold his e^gs at several w dollars per dozen to people that want- * ed fancy fowls and such people gen erally used the old hen to do their incubating. The old hen doesn’t get to work until spring, and that is the time the producer of fancy eggs finds the greatest demand on him.