NATURE’S GREAT DISINFECTANT.
Let the Sunlight Reach Every Corner of the
House and Destroy the Germs.
Nature's great disinfectant is sun
light. It is a most interesting fact
that this wonderful light, which pro
motes the growth of useful plants and
sustains animal life, at the same time
destroys by its very brightness all
sorts of germs which are brought in
contact with it. It is this fact alone
which renders the earth inhabitable.
Germs develop with such marvelous
rapidity that they would quickly over
whelm us by their very numbers if
not constantly destroyed by the sun.
A little computation will readily show
this. Some germs are capable of such
rapid multiplication that they may
double every fifteen minutes under
favorable conditions of temperature
and food supply. Estimate the num
ber of germs which might be pro
duced in a single day of twenty-four
hours, or ninety-six doublings. The
number would be more than 'thirty
two thousand billion billions, or suf
ficient to cover eighty thousand
square miles a foot deep, or fill a
space of more than fifteen cubic
miles. The increase of a minute or
ganism occupying a cubic space of
not more than one twenty-thousandth
of an inch to such prodigious magni
tude is beyond comprehension, and
practically cannot occur; for while
the germ may grow at this immense
rapidity for a short time, the poisons
which it produces become destructive
to itself. The material upon which it
feeds is also exhausted, so that its
growth ceases.
Doubtless all have noticed the fact
that mold grows during the night and
in dark, damp cellars. Bright sun
light quickly destroys germs, mold,
and other parasitic organisms. Dif
fused daylight does not act nearly so
rapidly, but accomplishes in the
course of a few hours what bright
sunlight is capable of doing in a few
minutes. It is clearly evident, then,
that in order that our houses should
be kept free trom germs, they, like
our bodies, should be made full of life.
The shutters should be opened, the
curtains raised, and the light admit
ted to every room in the house, clos
ets included, so that the disinfecting
power of light may be exercised in
every nook and corner of the dwell
ing.
Occupation and Tuberculosis.
The influence of occupation as a
cause of consumption is shown by Dr.
J. M. French in the Medical Exam
iner.
At least four classes of employ
ments ments have a tendency to favor
the development of tuberculosis.
They are:
1. Sedentary employments in Ill
ventilated apartments, involving con
finement in impure air, and other un
wholesome conditions. This class of
occupations is typified by the so
’ called swet-shops for the manufacture
of various articles of clothing.
2. Employments which necessitates
the inhalation of irritating dust and
noxious vapors. Such are those of
stone-cutters, bleachers, matchmak
ers, file-cutters, grinders, engravers,
etc.
3. Employments which involve the
overuse or abuse of certain muscles.
These are athletes, prize fighters,
gymnasts, wrestlers, professional bi
cycle riders, ball players, etc., a large
proportion of whom die eventually of
phthisis.
4. Employments which involve un
due familiarity with intoxicants.
These are those connected with man
ufacture and sale of wine, beer and
the various classes of alcoholics.
Tatham'.s tables show that, taking the
average mortality from consumption
at one hundred, that of publicans is
one hundred and forty, of brewers one
hundred and forty-eight and of bar
tenders two hundred and fifty-seven.
Overcoming Hereditary Tuberculosis.
Much is being said nowadays re
specting the out-of-door treatment of
tuberculosis, a disease which, while
rarely directly transmissible by hered
ity, is one the predisposition to which
is in the highest degree hereditary.
It has been clearly shown by numer
ous experiments in various parts of
the United States that out-of-door life
with regular hygienic habits, irre
spective of altitude or special climat
ic advantages, is capable of so aiding
the natural powers of the body as to
effect a cure of this formidable mal
ady without the use of drugs of any
sort.
Tuberculosis is a disease of civiliza
tion. It scarcely exists among sav
ages who live in the primitive state,
but quickly appears among such peo
ple when the habits of civilization are
adopted, especially the indoor life.
The South American monkey and the
North American Indian alike fall vic
tims to this disease when shut away
from the sunlight and active exercise
out of doors.
The time is not far distant when
every large city will find it necessary
to provide conveniences for the ap
Point of Etiquette.
Soon after the train left Lansing
one of the male passengers seemed
to be considerably perturbed about
something, and his seatmate finally
turned to him and asked him if he
was ill.
“No, not ill,” was the reply, "but I
find myself in a quandary.”
“As how?”
“Are you up on the rules of eti
quette?” '
“Fairly so. What is the point?”
“Well, there sits my divorced wife
across the aisle from us, and I don’t
know whether etiquette requires that
I take myself into the next car ahead
and o it of her sight or whether I
should tell her if she doesn’t like my
looks she can go herself!”—Chicago
N-wss.
Taxes Eat Up Income.
l ord Lonslow. president of the
board of agriculture, of England, said
ft t n meeting that in his own district,
the county of Surrey, taxes were so
high and returns from the land so
small that he had made up his mind
to aell most of his property.
1 plication of this simple curative meas
ure, not only for the purpose of rescu
ing the victims of pulmonary tuber
culosis from the certain fate which
awaits them, but as an essential
measure for protecting the public
health.
Health Observations Abroad.
One of the most pitiful sights in
England is to see young women act
ing as barmaids in the public drink
ing places, and to see women elbow
ing their way to the bar and then
stand there, shoulder to shoulder with
a crowd of coarse, half-drunken men,
and with them partake freely of in
toxicating liquor. Unfortunately, this
painful sight is not at all rare, and it
is quite common to see drunken worn
en reeling about in the streets. What
a sad commentary on our modern civ
ilization.
In Copenhagen it is the custom to
dress young schoolgirls so that their
arms are almost or entirely bare, even
in weather when Americans appre
ciate their overcoats. This practice
necessarily chills the blood, and tends
to produce congestion of the internal
organs, and undoubtedly lays the
foundation for colds, pneumonia and
tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis is making sad havoc
among the urban population of Nor
way. It is pitiful to note how this
plague is decimating this once hardy
race. Sedentary life, indoor confine
ment and defective ventilation are
undoubtedly the most prolific causes,
for fifty per cent of the tubercular
cases make a satisfactory recovery
when they are sent to some outdoor
sanitarium; and what will cure a con
sumptive would certainly have pre
vented the onset of the disease.
The liquor curse is undermining the
physical stamina of the Swedish race.
Liquor drinking among the working
classes is almost universal. One
third of their population die before
the age of twenty-one, and one-fourth
of those who live, are rejected from
military service on account of phys
ical disqualifications.
BREAKFAST BREADS.
Corn Puffs.—Beat together two and
one-half cupfuls of unskimmed milk
and the yolks of two eggs, until thor
oughly blended. Add two cupfuls of
best granulated corn meal. Beat the
batter thoroughly; stir in lightly the
whites of the eggs, beaten to a stiff
froth; turn into heated irons, and
bake.
Com Dodgers.—Scald one cupful of
best granulated corn meal, into which
a tablespoon of sugar has been sifted,
with one cup of boiling milk. Beat
until smooth, and drop on a griddle,
in cakes about one inch in thickness,
and bake slowly for an houi;. Turn
when brown. If preferred, the baking
may be finished in the oven after the
first turning.
Hominy Gems.—Beat one egg until
very light, add to it one tablespoon
ful of thick sweet cream, a little salt,
it desired, and two cupfuls of cooked
hominy (fine). Thin the mixture with
one cupful or less of boiling watei*
until it will form easily, beat well,
and bake in heated irons.
Sally Lunn Gems.—Beat together
the yolk of one egg, two tablespoon
fuls of sugar, and one cupful of thin,
ice-cold, sweet cream. Add slowly,
beating at the same time, one cup and
two tablespoonfuls of sifted Graham
flour. Beat vigorously, until full of
air bubbles, add the white of the egg
beaten stiffly, and bake in heated
irons.
Cream Corn Cakes.—Into one cup
of thin cream stir one and one-half
cups of granular corn meal, or enough
to make a stiff batter; add one-third
of a teaspoonful of salt; beat well,
drop into heated irons, and bake.
Cream Graham Rolls.—To one-half
cup of cold cream add one-half cup of
soft ice water. Make into a dough
with three cups of Graham Hour,
sprinkling in slowly with the hands,
beating at the same time, so as to
incorporate as much air as possible,
until the dough is too stiff to be
stirred; then knead thoroughly, form
into rolls and bake.
Hoecake.—Scald one pint of white
corn meal, with which, if desired, a
tablespoonful of sugar and one-half
teaspoonful of salt have been mixed,
with boiling milk, or water enough to
make a batter sufficiently thick not to
spread. Drop on a hot griddle, in
large or small cakes as preferred,
about one-half inch in thickness.
Cook slowly, and when well browned
on the underside, turn over. The
cake may be cooked slowly until well
done throughout, or, as the portion
underneath becomes well browned,
the first brown crust may be peeled
off with a knife, and the cake again
turned. As rapidly as a crust be
comes formed and browned, one may
be removed, and the cake turned, un
til the whole is browned. The thin,
wafer-like crusts are excellent served
with hot milk or cream.
Rothschild Declined FortOne.
Baron Rothschild, head of the
French branch of the family, recently
received a curious legacy. This was
the fortune of an ancient beggar
named Abraham Fidler. who died in a
garret at Nice, and was found to pos
sess 1,250,000 francs. He bequeathed
it to the other millionaire cu the pie
that “money must seek money.” Baror
Rothschild was not of the 4 pinion, in
this case at any rate, ana he pro
ceeded to hunt up the lamented Fid
ler's relations, three of whom were
found at Odesia and a fourth at Brook
lyn. The legatee divided the million
and a quarter among them.
At School Late in L:fe.
William Standler, a soldier of the
confederacy and 70 years old, is a
pupil in the Agricultural and Meehan
ical college at Starkvllle, Miss. He
never went to school 'n his youth
and row that, his ten children have all
married and set up for themselves
thinks it is time for him to get an ed '
ucation. Someone told him that Catr
learned Greek at 80, so he decided to
enter the college.
In the Grapevine Swing
“I was just as near heaven
As I wanted to be
Swinging in the grapevine swing.”
—Old Song.
’Twas only a song in a quiet' room.
As the evening shadows fell.
And the singer knew not of the joy she
gave.
But she told her message well.
For she sang to the heart and not to the
ear.
And her voice had a charming ring;
‘‘Oh! to be a boy, with a heart full of
joy.
Swinging in the grapevine swing.”
I have never been in tne Sunny South,
With its wealth of treasures rare.
’Tis only in dreams I have tasted its
sw eets
And breathed of its perfumed air;
But the heart of the child and the heart
of the man
Are the same when all is done.
Though reared 'neath the frosts of a win
try clime.
Or nurtured ‘neath summer’s bright
sun.
The cry of the heart for years passed
away.
For chances that come not again.
Goes up from all climes and conditions of
men
In sorrow, remorse and In pain;
So no wonder the song with its sad re
frain
To my senses sweet memories bring;
“Oh! to be a boy, with a heart full of
Joy.
Swinging in the grapevine swing.”
The cares of life and the falsehoods of
men.
The losses that caused me such pain;
The trust I had given to those that I
loved.
To find it was only in vain;
The remembrance of these was taken
away
While 1 heard that sweet voice sing.
"Oh! to be a boy. with a heart full of joy,
Swinging in the grapevine swing.”
Happy the singer wTho values her gift
And sings for the hearts of men;
Happy the poet who breathes into verse
The thoughts that shall live again;
While ever and ever the cry return*.
In man's fevered brain it will ring;
“Oh! to be a boy, with a heart full of joy,
Swinging in the grapevine sw ing.”
Refrain—
"Swinging in the grapevine swing.
Laughing while the wild birds sing;
Oh! to be a boy. with a heart full of Joy,
Swinging in the grapevine swing.''
s —Mary Bell, in Boston Transcript.
Great Armies in Retreat
Russia’s army in the retreat north
ward from Mukden suffered hardships
that are strikingly like those under
gone by Napoleon Bonaparte’s soldiers
in that terrible march from Moscow
in the fall and winter of the year 1812.
The main facts of the French retreat
from the ruins of the great Russian
city are as follows: Napoleon had en
tered Russia June 24. He found the
country through which his route lay
devastated and abandoned as he ad
vanced, with no enemy to make a
stand against him. He had to leave
large bodies of troops along his line of
march and to detach forces to threat
en St. Petersburg and other cities.
At the battle of Borodino. Sept. 7, one
of the bloodiest in history, the losses
probably aggregated 40.000 on each
side. The loss to Napoleon, who could
get no reinforcements, was fatal.
But still he pressed on and entered
Moscow, Sept. 14, to find himself
robbed of the fruits of his victory by
the terrible conflagration which broke
out two days later. Yet Napoleon
lingered in Moscow until Oct. 19. Then
he marced southward to Kaluga, ho
ping to make his way through a rich
and unexhausted country. But he was i
forced to follow the path he had
blazed on the way to Moscow. At
first the weather was fine and only
moderately severe. Then came rain,
snow and cold. The winter set in ear
lier than usual. Swarms of Cossacks
surrounded the Frenchmen, harassing
them at every chance. The invaders,
worn out, were thrown into disorder.
The remainder of the retreat of Na
poleon's army has no parallel in his
tory for the various sufferings and hor
rors undergone. In November, by the
time he had reached tbe Berezina, his
army had dwindled to 12,000 men. In
the retreat from Moscow alone 90,000
had been lost. In the whole campaign
some historians have estimated that
125,000 had been slain. 132.000 died of
fatigue and hunger and cold and 193,
000 were made prisoners. Napoleon
was now reinforced by 18,000 men,
and he made his way across the Bere
zina. thus escaping total ruin and cap
tivity.
It was a miserable throng which, on
the evening of Dec. 0. like a crowd of
beggars, tottered into Vilna, the old
capital of Lithuania. In all nearly €00,
000 soldiers had perished from cold
and bullets and hardships or had dis
appeared.
Millions Living in
Poverty
According to Robert Hunter, whose
recent book on “Poverty,” the result
of several years’ experience in char
ity and settlement work in Chicago
and New York, has attracted much at
tention, at least ten million persons in
the United States are living in a con
dition of acute poverty.
Mr. Hunter applies the word pover
ty to those who may be able to get a
bare sustenance, but who are not able
to obtain “those necessaries that will
permit them to maintain a state of
physical efficiency.” Only the most
miserable of them are starving or de
pendent upon charity. Mr. Hunter, in
his work, says that the total number
of paupers in the United States in
1891 was about 3,000,000, and he be
lieves that in the last fourteen years
the number of paupers has increased
to 4.000.000.
He bases his figures on the returns
from almshouses and on figures sup
plied by the Charity Organization so
ciety of New York city. Mr. Hunter
adds that in 1899 more than 18 per
cent of the people of New York state
were recipients of private or public
charity; that in 1903 almost 20 per
cent of the people in Boston were in
distress; that 14 per cent of the fam
ilies of Manhattan were evicted, and
that every year about 10 per cent of
those who die in Manhattan have pau
pers’ burials.
He adds: “The most conservative
estimate that can fairly be made ol
the distress existing in the industrial
states is 14 per cent of the total popu
lation, while in all probability no less
than 20 per cent of the people in these
states, in ordinarily prosperous yev.rs,
are in poverty. This brings us to the
conclusion that one-fifth, or 6,600,000,
persons in the states of New York,
Massachusetts, Connecticut. New Jer
sey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Indi
ana and Michigan are in poverty. Tak
ing h'alf of this percentage and apply
ing it to other states, many of which
have important industrial communi
ties, as, for instance, Wisconsin, Colo
rado, California. Rhode Island, etc.,
the conclusion is that not less than
10,000,000 persons in the United
States are in poverty.”
Moros Tenacious of Life
Experience in the Philippines has
taught American army officers that
the 38-caliber revolver now in use
is too light and that the Moro on
the warpath is hard to kill. They
think a 45-caliber is needed in place
of the lighter 38-caliber. Maj. Robert
L. Bullard, 28th United States infan
try, relates the following story: “In
a fight by boat last year with the sul
tan of Toros on Lake I.anao I sud
denly heard a death groan and a fear
ful struggle behind me. I turned to
find in my boat a hostile Moro, kris
in hand and the awful fire of murder
blazing in his eye. One stroke of his
deadly knife had half severed the
head from the body of my soldier
steersman, and the hashing blade was
raining blows into the bottom of the
boat at the prostrate, writhing form
and flying legs of the soldier oars
man who had occupied the place be
tween me and the steersman. The
latter, his head fallen sadly forward
on his breast, sat bolt upright in his
place, dying.
“Too fast to tell. I poured four shots
into the mad Moro, but to my con
sternation they seemed wholly with
out effect. In desperation and bitter
ness of heart, cursing such arm and
the fate that had given it to the sol
dier to fail him in his hour of need,
I spared the last two shots, spring
ing forward in the last hope of shov
ing the revolver 's muzzle against
him, and so to blow out his brains or
heart. In that hundredth part of an
instant he stooped to clear a bamboo
bow that looped the narrow boat over
the body of the fallen oarsman. I
thrust my muzzle against the top of
his close-cropped head and flred.
Then at last he felt the 38 and sunk
forward upon his own weapon.”
Capt. Carter, 14th cavalry, had to
fire three shots into a Moro before
he could kill him, although the first
shot hit him in the heart. Between ;
the three shots the Moro cut the face
off a woman and badly wounded a
man who would have been saved
from these injuries had the revolver
carried a 45-ca!iber projectile.
Daring of Filipino Leaders
Felizardo and Montalon are leaders
of the Ladrones in Cavite and Batan
gas, in the Philippines. A field cor
respondent says: “The utmost sang
froid characterizes the movements of
these two audacious leaders. In the
Paranaque raid, Felizardo, on his
beautiful gray pony, stolen In 1901
from Pasay racetrack, rode almost
over the constabulary sentinel. The
latter, although he emptied his piece
at Felizardo’s breast, was unable to
hit him. The corporal of the guard
also fired his pistol, but with no bet
ter success. Felizardo, however, from
his seat in the saddle, shot down the
sentinel in cold blood, showing the
most remarkable marksmanship—for
a native—as well as superb horseman
ship.
“Time after time Felizardo and
Montalon have been reported as sur
rounded, but somehow they have al
ways succeeded in eluding their
would-be captors. They have operat
ed since the inception of civil govern
ment almost exclusively in the prov
ince of Cavite and apparently have
i no fear of either scouts or constabu
lary forces. Time after time towns
garrisoned by constabulary have
been raided by their forces and while
they have invariably made capture of
rifles, ammunition and constabulary
uniforms, the troops have been un
able to approach them sufficiently
close to deal them a heavy blow.”
On suspicion of informing the au
thorities as to the movements of la
drones in 6atangas a friendly native,
Beas Cabrera, was recently seized. By
order of Montalon, the leader of the
outlaws, his lips were cut off. The
victim was also ‘‘hamstrung,” the
tendons of his legs being severed, so
that he will be a cripple for life. He
is now under hospital treatment in
Manila.
The Cause of His Tears.
The Rev. Charles Bromfield, a well
known Baptist minister of Rhode Isl
and, was of an emotional nature and
wept copiously on all occasions. One
day his son, aged 9, burst Into the
study with the announcement that the
circus was in town and he wanted to
i go. His father very promptly refused,
the request—and burst into tears. The
boy immediately told his troubles to
his governess, who exclaimed:
“Why, Charles, I am surprised that
you, a minister's son, should think of
going to a circus.”
“Huh,” replied the Irrepressible
small boy, “pa is in his study crying
Vavc* he can’t go.”
Fitting Corn Ground.
I lately saw a request in the Far
mers’ Review for methods used in
fitting corn ground for planting. I
herewith briefly give my method that
has given me the best of results: To
.start with I bought a piece of land
that had corn the last crop when I
took possession. As I wished to bring
the land up I tried seeding; but the
land had been cropped so many years
with but little fertilizing material re
turned, that it was too poor to grow
clover. 1 gave this land a good dress
ing with stable manure, then as early
as the land would work nicely, I took
the dirt cultivator and gave it a thor
ough digging up. When it came time
to plow for corn this ground plowed
up as mellow as a garden, while
ground joining that had not been
disked was about as hard as a road.
The first benefit of the disk culti
vation was preventing the ground
drying out and baking hard. Second,
it set all the weed seeds to growing,
and when the ground was plowed they
wrere effectually disposed of. Third,
benefit of disking: The ground was
in such fine shape the corn came up
so quickly that the weeder kept the
weeds down, until the cultivator could
be used advantageously giving me a
very fine crop of corn. Three years
of this treatment put that worn-out
land into shape to raise the biggest
kind of a crop of clover and timothy.
As we cannot tell beforehand just
what kind of weather we are going
to get, we have to adopt methods that
will give best results under all con
ditions; and I have found by years of
experience that land that is well tilled
both before and after plowing has
always given me the best results
whether the season be wet or dry.
A good many farmers don’t like the
disk cultivator, saying that going
over but once ridges the land and by
laping half way it takes too much
time. Admitted, but the larger results
more than compensate for time and
energy. I think we farmers expect
too much of our land for the time
and energy expended. Farming is no
bargain counter job. We have to pay
full price to our land for all we get
from it. We should aim to grow the
biggest crops possible, and at the
same time leave our farms in better
condition than they were before the
crop was grown. Dane Co., Wis.—C.
L. Thompson in Farmers’ Review.
The Shortest Method.
I cannot help thinking that the
American farmer as well as every
other kind of a farmer needs to learn
how to do things by the shortest
method. We know how prone people
are to do things in old ways, even
though those ways be the longest and
hardest ways. Some travelers tell us
that in some of the countries they
visit the highways are wonderfully
crooked, said crookedness being due
to nothing in particular, but to some
object that had existed in the way of
a straight path centuries ago. We
have begun to straighten out the
roads in this country, even on the
uneven lands, but we need also to
straighten some of our methods. I
notice my neighbor across the way
still saws his wood by hand. He has
a big house and a big family and
uses many cords of wood every year,
but the hand work is the only way he
seems to have thought of. I have a
windmill that saws the wood and does
other farm chores for me. I notice
the said neighbor has among his tools
the oldest and most inferior makes,
even to his haying tools. There are
other tools that would decrease the
time of doing certain kinds of work
a quarter, but he never figures time
as anything. As a result he has to
employ a third more hired labor on
the same area than I do.—Adolphus
Perry, Blackhawk Co., Ia.
A Radish Bed.
Every one considers it easy to grow
radishes, but 1 have not always found
it so. It is one thing to grow radishes
and another thing to grow radishes
that are tender, crisp and really nice
to have on the table. To get a good
radish, it must be grown quickly. To
get quick growth we must have both
a rich soil and moisture.
For my radish bed I prepare the
ground very carefully, working in ma
nure and fining the soil as much as
possible. When the seed is sown I see
that the ground is warm enough to
permit of the germination of the seed,
though of course radish seeds do not
require as much heat for germination
as do some other seeds. The soil
should not be a heavy clay, for in that
case it cannot be worked fine enough.
The lumps prevent the seed covering
itself or of remaining covered and the
air dries out the soil so quickly around
the seed that the little sprout is killed.
When the soil is largely of a sandy or
loamy nature the seeds are covered
enough to keep them moist and quick
ly send up leaves.
Later, when the soil gets very dry I
use water to keep it moist. I have a
hose by which the water is supplied
to the radish bed, for of course one
could never afford to carry water in
a pail for the supplying of the radish
bed. I believe that every farmer
should have an artificial supply of
moisture for use in his garden during
the dry spell, which sometimes begins
in the middle of May.—Milton Knight,
Cherry Co., Neb.
Wheat Smut.
Smut is the annoying product
which are black or brown. At thresh
ing time the smut, which is really a
multitude of spores, is scattered
through the grain. The following
spring when the seed is planted the
smut spore germinates with the grain
and the threadlike plant penetrates
the grain plant. It develops with
the development of the plant and
brings forth seed at the time the
plant should form seed. Often the
substance of the grain plant goes to
form seeds of the smut plant instead
of seeds of the grain plant.
The breeding of plants is as import
ant as the breeding of animals.
Planting a Fruit Tree.
Multitudes of fruit trees are annu
ally lost by being incorrectly planted.
The careless man loses more trees
than any other man simply because he
tries to save trouble in the work of
planting. He saves work in preparing
the ground for the tree. The worst
method is quite commonly followed,
which is to merely dig a big hole in
soi. that has been for a long time un
disturbed. The soil in the hole is loose,
and soil around the sides and on the
bottom is hard packed. Often this
hard packing is made worse by the
men getting into the hole and tramp
ing it while shoveling out the dirt.
This virtually “puddles” the bottom if
the soil be moist, and this renders it
almost impervious to water. Stock
ponds are made water tight in that
way.
When the tree is set in the hole and
the dirt filled in, the conditions are
ripe for the killing of the tree at the
first heavy rain. The hole becomes a
sort of sink in which the water re
mains. Air cannot get to the roots of
the tree and hence no food can be ta
ken into the system of the tree.
When the warm days come, the tree
sends out its leaves, which are devel
oped from the latent plant food stored
up in the tree from the previous year.
But no new food gets in, as the roots
are immersed in water. After a little
time the leaves on the tree begin to
wither, and the owner wonders what
is affecting the tree. In another
month the tree is dead.
The right way to plant a tree is to
prepare all the ground by stirring it
up thoroughly and providing some way
to let off the water. Frequently the
slope of the ground will do this, if the
trees are not placed in mere holes.
With the ground well stirred up the
water that falls will not collect around
the trunks of the newly set trees, and
the soil will not be for any long time
saturated with water.
Trees should not be set too deep.
Some seem to think that the deeper a
tree is set the better, but most trees
send out their roots near the surface
of the ground. It is allowable to set
a tree one or two inches deeper than
it was in the nursery row, as the
ground is sure to settle some around
it. If a tree is properly set and if it
is in good condition at time of setting
there is no reason why it should not
live.
The Strawberry Bed.
Last spring we set a strawberry bed,
and it has come through the winter in
good shape, even without a cover save
the cover the snow gave it. I am try
ing a new method this time. The old
strawberry bed was allowed to devel
op great wide rows that in the second
year filled up with weeds—wild let
tuce, blue grass, dandelions and but
tercups. We put the children at work
and succeeded in keeping out the
weeds till after fruiting. But it is no
easy task to get children to pull the
weeds. They don’t like to do it, and
the urging that has to be done about
equals the value of the strawberry,
in my mind.
In the fourth year of the old bed we
got discouraged at the number of
weeds and abandoned it. Then we set
out a new bed a year ago, and this is
the plan we are following: We set
the rows thirty inches apart. That is
pretty close together, but we do not
intend to permit the rows to get wider
than six inches. That will make it
easy to use the wheeled hoe in cultiva
tion and thus cover most of the sur
face. The idea is to bring about a
condition in which hand work in weed
destruction will be very small in
quantity. This is absolutely necessary
on the farm, for in the season when
weeds are growing most rapidly in the
strawberry bed they are also growing
most rapidly in the corn fields. The
men on the farm will deem the corn
field of more importance than the
strawberry patch and will not culti
vate the latter unless they can do it
in a very short time.
I find that when the rows of straw
berry plants are kept narrow and the
soil well cultivated between the rows
the plants shade the ground directly
under them, and the weeds do not
start. The trouble with weeds comes
where the plants are thinly set.—Min
nie Lacker, Brown Co., 111.
Borers.
Borers always burrow in the base
of the trunks of trees. The only wav
to fight them at this time of year is
to inspect the trees and dig out the
borers with a stiff wire. It is well to
scrape all the loose bark off the trunks
of the trees and whitewash them.
This will at least make it easy to find
the borers, and the whitewash will
perhaps prevent to some extent the
entrance of borers.
Trapping Canker Worms.
Trap the canker worms by placing
sticky bands around the trees. If the
worms cannot get up into the tree
they cannot eat the leaves and must
die. When the leaves have developed
many cainker worms get to the ground
in one way and another. They always
crawl back onto the trees where not
prevented by some device, the best of
which is the cne mentioned.
The Bud Moth.
In all sections where the bud
moth has been prevalent last year the
apple trees should be sprayed with
Paris green or arsenate of lead before
the buds open. The caterpillars of
this moth feed upon the opening
leaves. The spraying should be re
peated a few days later.
Spraying the Apple.
The first spraying of trees should
be as soon as the blossoms fall,
to prevent the ravages of the curculio
and codling moth. The spraying
should be with Paris green or ar
senate of lead in Bordeaux mixture,
keeping the foliage well covered with
the mixture till the fruit is nearly
grown.
Orchardists are now awaking to the
fact that the humus in the soil must
be conserved. In the past the soils
of the orchards have been deprived of
humus by too constant croppings.
EVERY IMS HIM
HOW HE GOT RID OF HIS OBSTINATE
MUSCULAR RHEUMATISM.
Mr. Jones Tolls of the Way by Which Ha
Treated Himself Successfully
When Doc tors Failed.
Six physicians, all of them good, one of
them a specialist, had done their best
for Mr. Jones at different times daring
three years, and still he suffered fear
fully from the tortures of rheumatism.
The rheumatism that had been dor
mant in his system was suddenly
brought to an acute stage by exposure
while he was drawing ice in February,
1901. From that time on for a period
of more than three years he was a con
stant sufferer. Ho tried many kinds of
treatment, but the rheumatism wouldn't
budge. When regular doctors failed,
and one remedy after another proved
useless, many said: ‘‘I should think he
would give it up and save his money.’'
Of his condition at this time, Mr.
Jones says : “ My rheumatism started
in my right thigh, hut iu time it ap
peared in every muscle of my body. I
lost the use of my left arm en
tirely and nearly lost the nso of my
right one. My feet were badly affected,
especially the bottoms of the heels.
When my right side was affected there
Was swelling, but the left side didn’t
swell when the disease settled there.
The internal organs didn’t seem to be
involved at all. The trouble was all in
the muscles and the nerves.”
Among the few who still encouraged
Mr. Jones to think that a cure might
yet be found was a friend who had rea
son for great confidence in Dr. Wil
liams’ Pink Pills, and acting on her
advice he bought a box of them iu Sep
tember, 1904. The story of what fol
lowed is brief, but nothing could be
more satisfactory.
“ When I was on the third box,” says
Sir. Jones, " I could realze a Change for
the better. I felt sure then that Dr.
Williams’ Pink Pills were the right
medicine for my ease. I kept on with
them for several weeks longer and now
I am entirely well, and everybody is
aSKiug what I took.”
Mr. William Jones lives at Oxford,
Mich. Dr. Williams’ Pink Pills effect
wonderful cures in rheumatism, because
they work directly on the blood which is
the seat of the disease. They are sold
by every druggist.
A little friendliness is worth, a
whole lot of financial assistance.
Quality Brings the Business.
Seven million (7.000,000) Lewis’ “Single
Binder” straight 5c cigar now sold annu
ally. Made of extra quality tobacco. Many
who formerly smoked 10c cigars are now
smoking Lewis’ Single Binder. Lewis’
Factory, Peoria, 111.
A man may be the head of the fam
ily, but he has to foot the bills.
In a Pinch, Use ALLEN’S FOOT-EASE.
A powder. It cures painful,smarting, nerv
ous feet and ingrowing nails. It's the
greatest comfort discovery of the age.
Makes new shoes easy. A certain cure for
sweating feet. Sold by all druggists, 25c.
Trial package FREE. Address A. S.
Olmsted, Le Roy, N. Y.
Completed the Cheer.
A day or two are there appeared
on the register of the Coates house
the names of Charles Hipp and Mrs.
Hipp of Chicago. A traveling man,
who was the next arrival, picked up
i pen and. hesitating amoment, said
to the clerk. “J guess I'll change my
name today.” Then under the names
of the Chicago guests he wrote. “John
T. Hooray.”—Kansas City Times.
Game She Didn’t Like.
A little girl, the daughter of a min
ister, was up later than usual one
night, and for the first time in her life
was present at family prayers. Dur
ing the reading of the Bible she was
very quiet, but when her father knelt
down to pray she went up to him, and.
touching him on the shoulder, said:
“Pa, I don't like to play at this game.”
Poverty and Education.
Poverty is a great bar to education,
hut would not be if both the child
and the parent were alive to the real
value of an education. If education
cannot be acquired in one way it can
in another. The trouble is that the
judgment of the child is too immaturo
to prove a safe guide, and the parent
leaves everything to the child.
Insects Destroy Telephone Poles.
Owing to the climatic deterioration
and insect destruction of the wooden
poles the eighty miles of telephone
line in Abyssinia have to be constant
ly patroled by special police to insure
continuous operation.
HONEST CONFESSION.
A Doctor’s Talk on Food.
There are no fairer set of men on
earth than the doctors, and when thev
find they have been in error they are
usually apt to make honest and man
ly confession of the fact.
A case in point is that of an emi
nent practitioner, one of the good
old school, who lives in Texas His
plain, unvarnished tale needs no
dressing up:
“I had alwa>s h»d an intense preju
dice, which I can now see was un
warrantable and unreasonable, against
all muchly advertised foods. Hence
I never read a line of the many ‘ads'
of Grape-Nuts, nor tested the t'ood till
last winter. '
’ While in Corpus Christl for mv
health, and visiting my youngest son
who has four of (he ruddiest, health
iest little boys I ever saw. I ate mv
first dish of Grape-Nuts food for
supper with my mtie gra ,
J?,™"'!! Mcoedlncly 6 (o„ j
of It and have eaten a pack
age of it every week since, and find it
a delicious, refreshing and strengthen
ing food, leaving no ill effects whatever
causing no eructations (with which i
was formerly much troubled) & 1
sense of fullness, nausea.
of stomach in any way Stress
’’There is no other food that agree,
with me so well, or sits as ii.kh
Pleasantly upon my stomach „
slTce i ,nm stron*'r «nd more c
tian l h. T ,h° of Grape
than I have been for 10 yaar,
np longer troubled with nau*tnd am
Indigestion.” Name given b. p ,and
Co., Hattie Creek. Mich. ' * 1 ustUm
There's a reason