TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN Appalling Mortality Among the Little Ones Due to This Cause—Proper Attention to Health of Mothers Would Save Many Lives Ti e number of deaths due t* tuber culosis is tremendous. When the word is spoken one instinctively thinks of pulmonary consumption. This is the form which attacks adults and which we see daily gathering in its victims. There are other forms, however, more common in children, that levy trib ute upon them without calling atten tion to the relationship between these diseases and consumption of the lungs. Dr. Jacobi is authority for the state ment that “Tuberculosis kills as many 1 eople, old and young, as diphtheria, croup, whooping cough, scarlatina, measles and typhoid fever taken to gether." in all of our cities active steps have been taken to protect the 1 eople from the above named dis eases Until quite recently, however, a few years at most, nothing was done to reduce the mortality from tuber culosis. Now, however, the attention of the world, the common people and the health authorities, has been called to its curability and preventability. The causes, the modes of scatter ing, and the prevention are all being studied, and an educational campaign is on to wipe out this “white terror.” The children suffer from tubercu losis of the bones, the bowels and ljmph glands. Tubercular meningitis is frequently found in early life and is uniformly fatal. Only by careful at tention to the food and daily habits can the rising generation be made im mune from these varied forms of tu berculosis. The fact that over one half of all babies born die before they reach the age of five years, proves that the ‘con stitutional capital” bequeathed them ii small. Is the proper attention paid to the diet, exercise and out-of-door life of the mother? If this were done, the child would undoubtedly have greater vitality and could by proper care and education live above the tu berculosis of childhood and of adult life. Cause and Cure of Gastric Catarrh. Chronic congestion of the stomach, known as gastric catarrh, is usually reused by one of the following errors, or by all of them put together: Eat ing too much or too fast; swallowing food insufficiently masticated; the use of such coarse foods as cabbage, greens, etc.; mustard, peppersauce, ginger and other condiments and spices; pastry containing animal fats; free fats, which lodge in the stomach and remain there a long time; pork, griddle cakes and burned fats—these are the things that produce gastric catarrh. The first and most necessary step in the treatment of this disease is to remove the cause of the trouble. We may induce activity of the skin by hot applications followed by cold or hot bath followed by a short applica tion of cold; fomentations followed by a short cold application to the stomach. These treatments are use ful, but the most important factor is the regulation of the diet. A fruit diet is best, for the reason that in gas tric catarrh there is a great accumula tion of germs, which are destroyed by fiuit juice. A well-prepared diet of toasted bread, zwieback, granose bis cuit, etc., is also useful in these cases. Bedroom Climate. A person at the age of sixty years has spent about twenty years of his life in his bedroom. Have you inves tigated the average sleeping room cli mate? If you were sent as a mission ary to some distant pestilential spot the climate of w'hich was as unhealth ful as that of the average bedroom, would you not feel that you were risk ing a great deal for the sake of the heathen? On the tombstone of tens of thou sands cf those who have died from tuberculosis might appropriately be inscribed, “Disease and death were invited and encouraged by a death dealing bedroom climate.” To show that this is no exaggera tion it is only necessary to call at tention to the fact that fully half of the tubercular patients placed in out door consumptive hospitals make a satisfactory recovery. If fresh air will cure the disease, it is certainly a wonderful preventive of it. It is not more reasonable to deliberately breathe impure air than it is to drink impure water or to eat unhealthful food or wear infected clothing. Tender-Hearted Savages. One of the most anomalous features of our Christian civilization is the slaughter house, especially the abat toirs of our great cities, where veri table torrents of blood perpetually flow, the ebbing life of millions of in nocents which die that man may feast. Indians are not noted for being over-sensitive; and particularly de spise any exhibition of weakness. The w w w w w w — — — — — — — — Chinese Reformer in America. Kang Yu Wei, formerly secretary to the emperor of China, but now a ref ugee from the wrath of the empress dcwAger, has arrived in Oregon, where he hopes to find relief from bronchitis, from which he has been suffering. Nearly seven years ago he took a leading part in reform move ments in China, thereby rousing the anger of the dowager empress. She ordered his arrest, but the secretary fled and sought refuge on a British war vessel. There is a standing re ward of $100,000 for his capture. He urges his countrymen to study reform methods and then carry the work back to their native land. Minister Fined for “Toting Gun.” Rev. Wayman Niles, a well known minister of Wayne county, W. Va., admitted carrying firearms because his ministerial duties often made it necessary for him to travel at night, and sometimes through a country in fested with bad men. The plea did not go with Judge Wilkinson, who imposed a thirty days’ sentence in jail on the parson and ■. fine of $25. Pope Pius to Leave the Vatican. The pope has expressed his deter mination to go to Castel-Gandolfo, a village on the northwest side of Mount Albano, fourteen miles southeast of Rome, for a few weeks, when the weather improves. The pope’s health absolutely requires a change of air and scene. Castel-Gandolfo, among numerous other villages, contains the summer residence of the popes, which has not been used as such since Plus IX shut himself up in the Vatican as a protest against the deprivation of bis temporal powers and the occupa tion of Rome by the Italian troops in 1870. Boy a Master of Languages. Martin Sitera, an A. D. T. boy in Omaha, speaks five languages—Bo hemian (his own), English, French, German and Spanish—and hopes ere long to gain some mastery of Greek and Latin. He was born In Cernikov, a small village of Bohemia, but came to this country about four years ago. Though but 14 years old, he is an om nivorous reader, devoting every apetre minute to his books. interior of a slaughter-house, however, is said to have proved too much for their powers of self-control. The Chi cago Record states that “a party of fifteen Blaekfoot Indians recently vis ited the killing room of Armour's plant. One fainted, three more were ill, the rest covered up their eyes They were hurried out of the place into the fresh air.'’ A Good Reform. The abominable practice of wear 1 ing long skirts for the street is dying ! out. Pretty as it is to see a summer dress negligently trailed over a smooth lawn jeweled with daisies, the sight of a woman dragging her gown in the street, sweeping up the filth and collecting millions of microbes, is a revolting spectacle; and yet with a long skirt the only alternative is to hold it up a practice which in duces cramp in the arm, as well as cold fingers in winter, and gives a decidedly ungraceful walk and atti tude. A Cure for Cold Feet. An excellent and simple remedy for cold feet is the application of cold water. Step into the bathtub, let the cold water run in a little faster than it runs out. Standing in the water, rub one foot with the other, rapidly, ten or twelve times. Then change and treat the other foot in the same man rer. Keep up this alternate rubbing for about three minutes. The feet will have become very red. and as you step out of the water, you will find them burning and glowing with the warm blood biought into them by this means. Some Chinese Baths. A traveler in Mongolia writes: "There are some hot springs on the i read about twenty miles north of i Chiugpeng. The place is named j Tangshan. The arrangements for ; those anxious to benefit by their heal- I ing properties are very primitive. A row of twenty to thirty wooden boxes the size of an ordinary packing case is ranged beside the road. In these j sit bathers of every age and both sexes, with their heads protruding. : Attendants with buckets continually j refill the boxes from the springs. For 1 less luxurious bathers there is accom- j ruodation in a pool which has been . dug out close by. In this they squat, j scooping up the water and pouring it cn er their heads with brass basins. It is curious to reflect that establish ments like Homburg and Aix-les-Bains have had their origin in such begin nings.” Training the Skin. The usual effect of a draft of cold air upon the back of the neck is a cold i and a sore throat. Many years ago Dr. Brown Sequard, an eminent French physician, devised a means by which sore throat from this cause might he prevented. By blowing upon I the back of the neck with a pair of bel ! 1 lows, increasing the time each day, he trained his patients until they could endure this treatment for half an hour without injury. It is not necessary to be exposed to a draft of air on the back of the neck in order to obtain this result. By means of the cold bath, the wet-sheet rub, the shower bath, towel friction, etc., the skin may be educated to con tract on the slightest increase of cold. Daily exposure to the contact of cold air is of the utmost importance. It Is because of the tonstant exposure to cold that the Indian’s body is "all face” —the skin of his whole body has learned to take care of itself. Dr. Lorenz Strict Teetotaler. At a banquet given to Dr. Lorenz, wine was served. He pushed the wineglass aside. Someone enquired if he was a total abstainer. He an swered: “I am a surgeon. My success de pends upon having a clear brain, a steady nerve, and firm muscles. No one can take any form of alcohol with out blunting these physical powers; therefore, as a surgeon, 1 must not use any form of spirits.”—Journal of In ebriety. In Harmony with Nature. Modern science as well as experi ence has shown that contact with nat ural surroundings, especially fresh air, sunshine and the ozoning emanations from growing plants, has marvelous health-imparting virtues. In these natural agencies is active the power which created and maintains all things and which is constantly communicated to all living things as the essential condition ot continued life. The more closely man comes to Nature, the more deeply he may drink from the fountain of life and healing. To live in harmony with Nature in the fullest and truest sense is to live in har mony with God; and to live in divine harmony is to be happy. BN THE SEE Trail fi ALASKA Th« ftMO> «nd tin «ll«»n tt* «ll«»n »nd Oti Khlmner jkrn COLLECTION OF TINY VIOLINS Too Small to Make Music, Yet They Are Not Toys. Something curious in the way of miniature violins is to be seen in a violin-maker's shop on North Ninth street, says the Philadelphia Record, though the collection is of no prac tical utility, the instruments being far too small to be used in producing music. They are interesting chiefly as showing what patience and skill were brought to their making. There are six of them, each wTth a bow. The largest violin is not over two and a half inches long in the body, while the smallest hardly ex ceeds an inch in length. Each of them, however, is perfect, with keys which turn, a bridge, sound holes in the belly, a sound post and a tail piece. Each of them has strings and it is possible to tune them, but the notes they give out are so high in the scale I as to be far away from what might properly be termed musical sounds. The bows are as complete as the vio lins. with real horsehair, a screw to tighten them and all else to be found on the practical bow. The collection is displayed in a lit tle wallcase with a glass front, about a foot square. It came from Ger many. where the violins were made, and its owner does not know why the instruments were constructed unless to show what the workman could do. He says it would be more trouble to make one of them than two violins of the ordinary size. Russell Sage Leaves Old Home. At last Russell Sage has been driv en to abandon his old home in Fifth avenue. New York. An advertisement has appeared offering a long lease of the place. Mr. Sage has been induced to leave largely because business places are taking possession of that part of Fifth avenue, and his decision to move marks a victory for Mrs. Sage. For a number of years she has been trying to persuade her husband to let the place go. For a time Mr. Sage was obdurate, but finally con sented to move temporarily farther up the avenue. Fp to the present time, however, the aged capitalist persisted in his intention some day to return to his former home. . Dwellers by the Pole. According to the census of October 1901, there were 11,893 inhabitants in Greenland, an increase of 1.377 since 1890. This increase includes 441 Eskimos discovered by Capt.-Holm'in 1894; the actual increase was there fore 936. or 8.9 per cent. The Euro pean population of Greenland in 19ul was 272; in 1890 it was 309. The larg est villages are Sukkertoppen, with 382, and Julianshaab. with 393 inhabi tants. The Hast Greenlanders are .of pure Eskimo blood. The remainder of the population is greatly mixed. The birth and death rates vary greatly from year to year. Consumption claims 31 per cent in the north and 28 per cent in the south. About 13 per cent of the deaths are from accidental causes, chiefly drown ing. In 1901 about 84 per cent of the population sustained themselves by seal catching, fishing and hunting. The remainder are conected with the administration missions and trades. TRAINING OF FRENCH CHILD. English Writer Points Out Differences in Home Life. Let me take Felice Boulanger (which isn't her name) as a typical French child of my experience, gained after nearly three years’ residence in France. She is one of five children ranging in age from her brother of 16 to the youngest girl of 6. Felice has a skin like the sheen of a pearl, (which is marvelous considering the amount of indigestible food she bolts five times a day); big. deer like eyes, long lashed; daintily shaped but seldom clean hands; a thin, rasping, and pet ulant voice even in her merriest mood, and a physique like that of a starved and homeless cat—narrow chested, spider legged, and stamina* i less generally. Vet she seems full of \itality—nervous, irritable vitality— eats as much food as an English nav vy. and certainly has. as my American lady friend says, “heaps of sense.” | But to see the child eating is painful, though interesting in a way. An English girl of 11 years of age, , like Felice, would be sent to bed at, say. 9 o'clock. Felice and her type and her younger sisters sit down to dinner at 6:3 line of business that seemed pretn good. He never sat. down, but walked about as he unfolded his plans. Ner vous sort of chap. Occasionally he stopped and picked a bit of lint oil my coat, or peeled one of your pro cions hairs off my collar. He seemed to see a bit of thread on me half waj* across the room. You find plenty ot men who have a habit of picking a< your clothes like that, and I paid nc attention to him. although it made me nervous. “This morning he buttonholed me on the street close to the office. Could not come in, lie said, feeling around my collar for bits of household raa terial I h^d brought from home. Would call again. It was not until an hour later that I discovered my diamond pin was missing. Oh, I was easy for that fellow." LAUNCH TO SHOW SPEED Of TWENTY-SIX MILES HN HOUR I HIGH M7rn&> IXklTSi7TH3? C2XKV3IVCHILD.>' ZXEMZL MV Y C Mr. George W. Childs Drexel placed a contract for a high speed launch of the twin screw type. She will be equipped with two Speedway gasolene engines, each having six cylinders six and one-half inches in diameter by eight inches stroke. The speed guar anteed is twenty-six mils an hour. The boat will be 62 feet over ail. Her stem has a moderate rake forwaid, and the stern, which is of the tor pedo plan, has nearly the same rake. There will be a good freeboard, with little sheer, and there is some depth to the forefoot, the keel running down io its deepest point forward of amid ships and then rising easily to a Hat surface at the propellers. The for ward deck line is moderately full, with turtle back finishing at the sides. There will be three cockpits, the forward one for the helmsman, the middle one for the motor and engi reer and that aft for passengers. De tachable spray hoods will be arranged for the cockpits. The materials ol construction will be of the best throughout. The planking will be double. The inner skin is to be oi white cedar, and the outer planking of teak. The plank-sheers and deck are to be of mahogany. MANY MESSAGES AT ONCE. Alternating Current Allows Duplicates Over Same Wire. The invention of new methods for sending a number of messages simul taneously over the same wire con tinues, and one of the most recent (A these is due to Prof. Mercadier of the French High School for post and tele graph. In this method an alternating current is employed whose frequency depends upon a tuning fork having a certain definite number of vibrations. The current of such an interrupted circuit can be broken by an ordinary key, and signals transmitted over the line wire by an induction transmit ter. On the line at the distant station are a number of so-called monotele phones, which respond to current of one frequency, and are tuned to the forks in the circuits at the sending station. Thus each particular circuit has its own telephone, which is connected by tubes with the ears of the receiving operators and responds to the signals made at the sending station. In all, twelve transmission circuits are pro vlded. so that twenty-four messages can be sent over the line simultane ously. A double line, or metallic cir cuit. is required, but otherwise the apparatus is comparatively simple, and involves merely the adjustment of the tuning forks and suitable con densers and inductance coils.—Week's Progress. Lew Field's Latest. Here is Lew Field's latest scholas tic story about his young son, Josepn: “The other morning Joseph’s school teacher asked if any boy in the class could speak a sentence containing the word ‘foregoing.’ Joseph promptly raised his hand, indicating that he was ready with the sentence. "Well, go ahead, Joseph,’’ said the teacher. “ ‘Last Saturday afternoon I went to papa's theater to see “It Happened in Nordland." Uncle Charley Fields was standing at the door. Three news paper men came up and shook hands with him. Then they al! walked away, and pretty soon I saw the four going into the Dunsmore Cafe.’ ”—New Y"'k World. FRESH SALT WATER ICE. Exposure to the Sun Makes Iceberg's Surface Fresh. It is often asserted by mariners that the apex of the larger icebergs are entirely free from saline matter and that this is conclusive evidence that the berg originally forms on dry land, proving the existence of a great continent around the poles. It may not be generally known, how ever, says the English Fish Trades Gazette, that salt water ice if exposed to heat—to the summer sun — is thereby freed from salt. Dr. Hamer quotes the experience of Arctic explorers—Nansen and the duke of Abruzzi—who describe the mineral salts of sea water as be ing separated out like hoar frost upon the surface when the temperatures o from 30 degrees to 40 degrees cent are recorded, and who note the almost complete freedom from saline taste of the water obtained from projecting ice shafts “which have been exposed to the rays of the sun during a sum mer, and are tnus freed from the greater part of their salt.” For some time prior to 1800 travel across Pennsylvania had been in canoes and in river barges propelled by poles or along the shores of riv ers by horse and foot ai^d by inter vening portages on Indian trails, con necting points on the different rivers. The Philadelphia Pittsburg national pike was built upon such a substantial basis that wherever undisturbed one still finds the gracefully^modeled at dies of solid masonry almost intact, after more than a century has passed. The completion of the Old Portage railroad by the state of Pennsylvania in 1834 put an end to the time-hon ored “coach and six." with the many picturesque and commodious inns and taverns along the line of this broad macadamized toll road, which with its substantial construction was. in point of endurance, second only to the Roman military roads of Great Eritain. This Old Portage road was con structed from material brought from England. The British government sent over experienced engineers to in struct the Americans in the running of the stationary steam engines used upon the inclined planes of the road in the Allegheny mountains. The rail road's highest point was about 2,700 feet above sea level; being only 200 feet lower than the neighboring hill, which is the highest point of the Alle gheny mountains in Pennsylvania The road consisted of ten planes, five of which were on either side of the mountain, and intervening levels. In 1S35 the canalboats were so construct ed that they could be taken in sections and hauled over the mountain on flat , cars, without disturbing their cargoes. \ The rails were secured to stone sleep ers twenty inches square, which were sunk in the ground. On the Old Portage road the best time for the forty miles between Hol lidavsburg and Johnstown was twelve hours. Express trains on the Penn sylvania railroad now run a closely parallel distance over the Allegheny mountains in a trifle over one hour. The passenger traffic on the road in those days was usually limited to one car each way a day, with a capacity of thirty passengers. In 1854 the Pennsylvania Railroad company bought the Portage road from the state of Pennsylvania. Com mon rumor says that at this time the state legislature was ‘greased'’ and that not a cent of the 147.000,000 which was to have been paid for the road was ever received into the treas ury of Pennsylvania. Reoort Real Sea-Serpent Rudyard Kipling has seen his sec ond sea serpent, according to a story which comes with some seriousness from Cape Town. People who read Kipling's first sea-serpent story thought it was merely a brilliant piece of fiction. This second sea serpent story is not told by Kipling, but by the skipper of the steamship Arma dale Castle. The sea serpent was seen—in fact, it was struck by the ship and probably killed—while the Armadale Castle was on her last voy age to Cape Town, in latitude 3 de grees south. Mr. Kipling was aboard the ship. Commander Robinson is not sure whether the creature struck was a real sea serpent, a queer whale or a greatly overgrown shark. Whatever it was, the thing was hit by the bow of the ship where, in all properly regulated fishes, the pectoral fin ex ists. The head was doubled across. the port bow and the tail trailed away along the starboard side. The vio lent struggles of the creature to free itself front its painful and embarrass ing position led to its striking the soft brown paint of the "boot-topping’’ on the ship’s side with the powerful fluke of its tail. This was observed by the boatswain and some of the men who were watch ing the affair through the side ports immediately over the tail of the fi-h. The marks enabled the commander af terward to make fairly accurate meas urements. From mark to stem it was forty-five feet. In girth it was appar ently about the volume of one of the ship's lifeboats at the broadest part, say eight feet in diameter, very grace fully tapering away toward the tail. The body appeared to be of a green ish-brown color with large dark spots all over the back and sides, the lower parts being of a dull white. It was first observed by one of the seamen, who heard a knocking against the ship’s side. When the news was passed along the decks all the pas sengers. young and old, perform* »0 or 100 miles from civilization and the human side of life is made warmer and more vivid by this means of communication. “A telephone does heat up consid erably anywhere, especially when it won’t work; but I’m inclined to think a telephone in the wilderness is a great nuisance instead of a great con \enienee. What an angler, hunter or botanist wants of one of the things is more than I can understand. They’ve got the Adirondacks fixed so that there’s a push button in every other tiee, and if you stub your toe a waiter’ll pop out of the bushes with a champagne cocktail or a telegram. That’s all right, perhaps, but why not slay in the Waldorf? “A telephone in the woods is a good thing for game, though. We had our cabin wired to a village down at the end of the railroad one summer. Never again for me. I’d be riangline for trout. ‘John, John,’ would come my wife's voice, resounding through the aisles of pine and hemlock. ‘What?’ I'd say, mad clean through Your Boston brokers want to talk with jou a minute.’ Or I’d be almost within range of a deer and that same ■John’ would come floating on the air from the shanty. ‘What?’ I’d have to call back, and the deer'd be in the next county. New York’s waiting; long distance,’ the servant would hoi ler. ‘Line's held open for you.’ The only trout I got that season was a tame one I bought of a man who fat tens ’em for market, and the only thing I shot was the ace of spades. I tacked it up the last day and blazed at it for spite. And now,” he con cluded. “when I go into the woods the central office can't find me with a guide and a brc.ss band.’’—Provi dence Journal. Forcing Port Arthur Gate One hour before midnight you could see once more the same men who had applied the explosives in the day making for their victim. The founda tion of the caponiere was made of concrete, sand and steel plates. It could turn the largest and most pow erful shells ever manufactured by men into a loud and foolish joke. The men carried this time a large quantity of gunpowder. This they applied to the cracks made by the former explosion. The white heat fuse was applied. The report certainly handled the serene silence of the midnight with out mercy, tore it into pieces. This time there was a large rent made in the wall. Night, once more, rocked the confusion back to peace and there came into the rent a number of Rus sian heads. Some of us laughed. Quick as a flash the rifles of our men greeted them. Wide as the rent was, it was not quite sufficient for men in haste to pass, and for the third time we made the preparation of explosives. At 14 minutes past 4. in the still dark hours of the 28th. the earth about u§ shuddered as it had never shuddered before, and we saw a hole in the wall that was over one meter in width and considerably over one meter in height. 1 hrough this hole our engi neer threw in over twelve sacks oi explosives. The caponiere was choked w ith fume and smoke. The ash gray of the breaking day and the most sinister gray of the smoke from the explosives creeking like cowardly ghosts from the hole in the wall was broken by silvery flashes here and there. They were the icy blades ol our men rushing into the caponiere through the confusion of the ex Plosion. A crash of arms, groans, sounds of falling bodies, of broken steel, shrieks with which the life flew away from the clay, all mingled and melted in a confusion far %beyond pen and brush. A few moments later the sun-round flag waved from out of a torn hole over the covered caponiere a welcome to the new-born day — lie s Monthly. T ruth and the Freeman He Is the freeman whom the truth makes free. And all- are slaves beside. There's not a chain . . , That hellish foes confederate for his harm Can wind around him. but he easts it off With as much ease as Samson his green withes. He looks abroad into the varied field Of nature; and though poor, perhaps, compared With those whose mansions glitter in his sight. Calls the delightful scenery all his own. His are the mountains, and the valley his. And the resplendent rivers. His to enjoy With a pr tpriety that none can feel. But who, with filial confidence inspired. Can lift to heaven an unpresumptuous eve. And smiling, say: “My father made them all!’’ Are thev not by a peculiar right. And by'an emphasis of interest his. Whose' eyes they till with tears of holy joy. Whose heart with praise, and whose ex alted mind With worthy thoughts of that unwearied love That planned and built, and still upholds, a world S« clothed with beauty for rebellious man? your earners. ye that Yes. ye may fill reap - The load£l soil; and ye may waste much In senseless rot; but yet will n«.» "r„ce:r >" r X or or lisurpat'l.m, alia u.hno'i£inY“rnn'i ApPr°K?if* “ K “i™Sir. And has a richer use of vours th, WweJSm Brings its own evilwith,?* evi?ry d*Y tor he has wings that nei»H>ake! U les» pain, K nal ne,ther sickness. Nor penury can crin«i« „ No nook so narrow but £r confine; there but he spreads them AMth ease and is at larire Th. sor holds ge- The o»pres H a k„„„ whHi % And that ti^bfndU htoii'*£,OU8 of a cha'n; Whom God delights "n SanriV?in t'1**™]11* dwells. b ln- and ‘n whom H« ■William Cowpor. *