CHINESE SOLDIERS CUT SHORT
A MOST PROMISING CAREER
££M5 JT7Z£Z
(Young American Journalist Who W as Slain by Chinese Soidiers.j
JAPAN’S MISRULE IN KOREA.
Probability That She Will Avoid For
mer Mistakes.
Once again Japan finds herself in
control of Korea, “land of the morn
ing freshness.” This is by no means
a new experience for Japan. It was
in the third century A. D. that the
empress regent of Japan herself led
an expedition against Korea. From
that time to the end of the fourteenth
century, with a few interruptions, the
relations of Korea to Japan were
those of vassal to suzerain. Then
China came into ascendancy and from
that time on up to the war of 1894
she retained the principal control of
the hermit kingdom. That war end
ed Chinese suzerainty in Korea and
gave to Japan the control of a coun
try which it had coveted for centur
ies. .
But the Japanese showed little wis
dom or moderation in their treat
ment of the Koreans. The admirer
of the Jap must pass over the period
from 1894 to 1897 with closed eyes
lest his confidence in the intelligence
of Japanese statecraft receive a se
vere blow. Korea was ruled with a
high hand. Business and political
morality were thrown to the wind, the
public offices became more corrupt
than before, if such a thing were pos
sible in a country cursed for cen
turies by a system of official corrup
tion for which it would be difficult to
find a parallel.
At the same time a series of the
most drastic reforms was instituted,
and Korea shuddered with horror at
the desecration of its most revered
customs and traditions. Japan, flat
tered with its brilliant military suc
cess, became irrational. She insisted
upon the abolition of the Korean
method of wearing the hair. The
king was made to cut off his topknot
and the people w»re compelled to do
the same. The queen, a bitter enemy
of Japan, was murdered, the Japanese
minister being an accessory to the
outrage. Then the terrified king fled
to the Russian embassy for protec
tion, a mob of Koreans murdered the
agents of Japan in the higher official
positions, and the uprising swept Ja
pan from the Korean courts. Russia
become the dominant influence.
Now the fortunes of war have giv
en Korea to the Japanese once more.
It is to be hoped that they will profit
by their former experience and rule
Korea with moderation. The art of
governing a colony lies in non-inter
ference with the non-essentials and
concentration upon the essentials.
The Japanese are quick to learn. It
Is to be hoped that in their future
treatment of Korea they will not
make tfre mess of things they did in
1894-’7.
Bourke Cockran to Marry?
It is rumored that Bourke Cockran
Irlll not remain a widower much long
er. His name is being coupled with
that of Mrs. Adolf Ladenburg, the
handsome widow of the banker, but
then the gossips find a new suitor
for Mrs. Ladenburg every few months.
However, Mr. Cockran’s liking for her
is not concealed, and at the Grave
•end race track he is her shadow. Mr.
Cockran is one of the most distin
guished looking men on Long Island.
German Historian Dead.
The death is reported from Jena of
Dr. Ottokar Lorenz, a well-known his
torian. He began by studying law,
but after 1850 philology and history
claimed his attention. He was made
professor of history at Vienna in 1860,
and was employed on the state
archives, but lost the latter position
in consequence of his political views.
In 1885 he went to Jena as professor.
His contributions to German and
Austrian history were numerous and
/aluable.
Dog Deserved Monument.
On a tombstone at the head of a
grave in one of the dog cemeteries in
Paris is this inscription to the mem
ory of a brave St. Bernard: “He
saved the lives of forty persons and
was killed by the forty-first.”
Not an Olive Enthusiast.
The grocers are advertising ripe
olives. It has always seemed as
though something was the matter
with the kind they have been selling.
—Lynn Item.
DARTMOUTH TO LAY STONE.
Descendant cf Englishman AfterWhom
College Was Named.
Lord Dartmouth will lay the founda
tion stone of the new building to be
erected by the alumni of Dartmouth
college in place of the one burned
some time ago. The present earl is
the fourth, a direct descendant of the
man after whom the college was
named by Dr. Wheeloek, its first pres
ident. His lordship has the right to
bear the arms of the first president of
the United States—three stars and two
stripes—for the first Lord Dartmouth
was a son of Elizabeth Washington,
eldest daughter and chief heiress of
Sir William Washington of Packing
ton. Leicestershire. The earl has de
voted recent years to literary and his
torical research, and his services have
been appreciated by King Edward,
who has appointed him one of the
members of the royal commission on
historical manuscripts.
HIS PERIOD OF LEISURE.
V/ork as Organizer Completed, Von
Moltke Waited for War.
Talk of army reorganization recalls
a story told of Von Moltke, the great
German military master, who held
that when war begins the work of the
organizer ceases. In 1870, a few’ days
after the mobilization of the Germany
army had been ordered, a friend of
Von Moltke, who was anxious to see
him on important business, called up
on him in some trepidation of mind,
expecting to find him overwhelmed
with work. He was shown into the
count’s study and found him lying on
a sofa reading a French novel. “You
could not have come at a better time,
my dear fellow,” was his welcome.
“My work wras ended when mobiliza
tion was ordered. I begin again when
we move to the front.”
BACK FROM FOOL FEAT.
Man Who Crossed Ocean in Seve
teen-Foot Dory Home Again.
Capt. Ludwig Eisenbaum, the lone
navigator who crossed the Atlantic
from Boston in a seventeen-foot dory,
has come back to New York as a
member of the crew of the Red Star
line steamship Kroonland, from Ant
werp. He brought his dory with him,
and it is said that both will be seen
later at the St. Louis exposition. The
captain’s trip was almost a constant
fight with death. Twice he was sight
ed in mid-Atlantic by passing steam
ships, and the skipper of one vessel
spent considerable time urging him
to abandon his perilous undertaking.
He had several narrow escapes from
drowning and once he lost nearly all
of his provisions.
The General Utility Consul.
In those larger towns in Turkey
where England is represented by a
consul, that official is looked upon as
a sort of court of appeals by Chris
tians. Armenians, Bulgarians, Mace
donians and even Jews, who have
probably never heard an English
word spoken, will appeal to the Brit
ish consul when in difficulties, and he
rarely refuses his kind offices. In or
dinary cases his unofficial backing of
the “giaours” is effective.
When Mansfield “Does Things.
To Richard Mansfield an enthusi
astic woman admirer had paid trib
ute of praise, adding: “I suppose, fir,
that when in the spirit of those great
roles you forget your real self for
aajs. “Yes, madam, for days, as
well as nights. It is then I do those
dreadful things—trample on the up
turned features of my leading lady
and hurl tenderloin steaks at wait
ers." “And you do not know of it at
all?” “Not a solitary thing, madam,
until I read the papers next day.”
New York Gets Great Scientist.
Prof. Charles Baskervllle of the
University of North Carolina, who has
made notable contributions to the
knowledge of radio-activity, will take
his place at the head of the depart
ment of chemistry of the College of
the City of New York Sept 1.
France Grows Many Potatoeo.
France produces more than twice
as many potatoes as the United
States. The average price a bushel is
twenty-five and one-half cents.
r
Bifozfl mhd Itafti 9
When last November there was
signed in the city of Petropolis a
treaty between Brazil and Bolivia, the
impression was given that the dispute
about the Aquiri or Acre territory
was at an end; but recent events
show that only one corner of the tri
angular dispute has been settled, for
Peru is yet to be satisfied.
This territory furnished no end of
frontier conflicts during the last gen
eration, owing to the fact that it is
a wedge-shaped area at the juncture
of the three republics, Brazil, Bolivia
and Peru, all three of which, before
the treaty of Petropolis, laid claim to
It. The sc-called Acre territory has
an area of about 80,000 square miles,
or nearly that of Great Britain. The
exploration of a part of it has been
of the most casual kind and no ade
quate map of the area has been made.
Being at the extremity of the three
republics, little attention was paid to
the fate of the great western water
shed of the amazon river until in re
cent years attempts were made'by
syndicates to obtain concessions to
work the rubber forests and to mine
the gold believed to be in abundance
in this region.
The dispute at first waxed hot be
tween Bolivia and her eastern neigh
bor. Brazil, although there was at the
same time a series of vigorous pro
tests entered by Peru against Bolivia.
In every map of Bolivia the wedge
shaped territory is allotted to that
state, and in the government maps of
Peru the wedge and something more
I is allotted to that republic. Bolivia
1 and Brazil had been for several years
practically at war over the wilds in
the Altp Purus, but by the treaty of
Petropolis Bolivia agreed to cede the
Acre territory to Brazil, in return for
which Brazil agreed to cede a small
triangular territory at the juncture of
the Abuna and Mamore rivers, to
form the Madeira, a giant arm of the
Amazon. In addition to this cession.
riches. For years the rubber gather
ers had worked the rubber lands cn
the Amazon, but these became work
ed out and the interest moved up the i
river. Finally they entered the Acre
district, which was found to abound
with rubber trees. In a little while
between 10,000 and 20,000 Brazilians
were in the territory, working the vast
rubber lands.
In 1899 Bolivia took steps to oc
| cupy the region. She found the Bra
zilians had developed the rubber in
dustry to an enormous extent, and at
once sought to coerce them. Finally
A fGX/YM//
the so-called Republic of Acre was
formed, but it was little more than a
threat, for there was never any real
attempt at government. Bolivia ap
peared to think that a neat solution of
the embarrassing situation would be
to sell a concession to work the rub
ber lands. Capital was readily found
in this country and Germany, and the
Bolivian syndicate was formed, and
like the great trading countries of
the seventeenth and eighteenth cen
turies, it was empowered to admin
Peru has always had pretensions in
the Acre region, and has had innum
erable disputes with Eolivia on the
subject. In fact such a dispute was
on at the time Bolivia made the ces
sion to Brazil, but as the latter agreed
to assume the responsibility, the pres
ent disturbance in the region will
have to be settled between these two
states. Peru has occupied the upper
Purus valley, and recently there were
reports of a battle having taken place
between the Brazilians and Peruvians
at Santa Rosa.
Brazil insists J,nat her right to the
region is of long standing, and that
this right was recognized by the treaty
of 1851. She also insists that, that
being in possession of the coast, and
also of the territory extending to the
sources of the rivers Jurua or Yurua
and Purus emptying into that coast,
long peopled by Brazilians, she is in
the right under the application of the
rule established by Pinckney and
Monroe in the note of April 20, 1805.
This rule is as follows:
“When any European nation takes
possession of any extent of seacoast,
that possession is understood as ex
tending into the interior country to
the source of the rivers emptying with
that coast, to all their branches and
the country' they cover. ’
It will be seen by this contention
Brazil claims the entire watershed of
the Amazon, one of the most exten
sive in the world. However, feeling
sure of her stand, Brazil offers to hear
any claim Peru has to title, but in
sists upon the withdrawal of Peruvian
troops first.
The Peruvian attitude is simply
that Peru never admitted Brazil’s
title to the territory now in dispute,
that the treaty of 1851 contains no
recognition of it, and that the Peru
vian government has no recollection
of ever having admitted Brazil’s “pre
tended right.”
Peru asserts her willingness to
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| which was admittedly inadequate,
! Brazil also agreed to give an indem
nity of $10,000,000. This money, how
I ever, is to be used mainly in the con
struction of railways and other works
tending to improve the communica
tions and develop commerce between
the two countries. Brazil also agreed
| to build on her own territory, parallel
: with the Mamore river, a railroad
j about 240 miles long, from San Anto
nio to Guajara-Mirim, around the rap
ids and cascades in the river, which
make the stream within that length
unnavigable.
In addition to these stipulations
Brazil agreed to take the quarrel with
Peru off tne hands cf Bolivia; conse
quently, under the convention, Bolivia
is now experiencing that tranquillity
that has been withheld her for many
years.
The history of the dispute is con
siderably involved, and will no doubt
have to be decided by either arbitra
tion or war finally. Although there
are in existence boundary treaties of
1851 and 1867, neither Peru nor Bra
zil can at present agree upon their
interpretations. Brazil contends that
there are 10,000 Brazilians in the dis
puted country; that there should be
no question to her right of occupa
tion. On the other hand, Peru claims
to have maintained a military occu
pation of the country unmolested for
years.
Like most boundary disputes (and
Peru has had a lengthy history of
them) little interest was manifested
in the remote district until it became
apparent that it was a land of virgin
WHALE SCRATCHED ITS BACK.
Astonished Sailors Thought Motion
Was an Earthquake.
On the night of April 29 the steamer
Aiauna Loa, while lying at Keauhou,
shook and trembled, then she heeled
over to port and then heeled over to
starboard. Everybody sleeping aboard
was awakened, every one awake be
came alert; something had happened.
Somebody declared it was an earth
quake. A similar experience had been
met by the Mauna Loa months be
fore.
Capt. Simerson learned, however,
that it was not an earthquake at all
that moved the boat, but a whale.
An enormous leviathan of the deep
had sea hives. Its back itched; It
felt the sensation that so many peo
ple experience in the tropics, it want
ed to scratch its back. There was
nothing on which to scratch until the
Maunir Loa was sighted. The whale
was reported by native fishermen to
have dived underneath the boat and
scratched its back on the keel of the
vessel. The shaking and rolling of
the vessel were caused by the whale,
so the fishermen claimed, ruobing its
ister the region as well as to work it.
It was given almost sovereign rights.
In November, 1902, the agent of the
syndicate attempted to take posses
sion, but so great was the feeling that
he was only a blind for a great Ameri
can annexation scheme that he barely
escaped with his life, by abandoning
his journey.
The agent arrived at Porto Alonzo,
on the Acre river, 2,S00 miles from
the mouth of the Amazon, just at the
time the Bolivian government officials
were being overpowered by the Bra
zilians and the Republic of Acre was
In the process of making. With the
ousting of th3 Bolivian officials who
were to hand over the region of Acre
to the syndicate's representative, the
syndicate’s occupation failed, for it
was impossible to take possession
under the circumstances. Brazilian
warships were sent up the Amazon
and troops were put on transports and
sent along to occupy the disputed ter
ritory. About that time a protocol
was signed, then followed the treaty
of Petropolls, and one of the litigants
was removed from the troublesome
business.
back against the bottom of the Mau
na Loa. When the whale had gotten
relief from the marine hives, it swam
away.—From the Honolulu Pacific
Commercial Advertiser.
Novel Method of Profit Sharing.
A shirtwaist manufacturer in the
local wholesale market surprised the
employes a few days ago by announc
ing that he intends to retire from act
ive business in their favor. His plan
is to turn the plant over to “tried and
true” subordinates, with the stipula
tion that in case the business should
prosper they are to pay for the prop
erty on the installment basis. In the
event of time demonstrating that these
“trusties” canont make a “go” of the
enterprise, the “boss” is to take
charge of affairs, assuming ail liabili
ties and begin anew to build up trade.
—New York Prfess.
London Bakers on Strike.
All the Jewish bakers are striking
for, in London, is a twelve-hour day
and nine cents an hour.
- r
Do noble things, not dream them
all day long.—Charles Kingsley.
resort to arbitration, but without "de
manding previous conditions unneces
sary to governments really wishing to
reach a prompt, just and pacific set
tlement of their differences.” In
other words, Peru insists upon her
military occupation of Acre while the
case is arbitrated. Brazil makes it a
condition that the Peruvian forces re
tire first before she will listen to ar
bitration. consequently at present the
two governments are deadlocked.
Among the South American states
war and revolution are a part of the
life and, therefore, at this time no one
would have the hardihood to predict
whether the dispute terminates in
hostilities or in arbitration. If the
two states resort to force there ap
pears to be the favor of numbers on
the side of Brazil, which has a regular
army of 28,160 men, gathered by com
pulsory service and by conscription,
has a regular force estimated at 4,000
and the possibilities of increase are
not sufficient to offset the Brazilian
advantage. Each republic has a navy,
both of them small, and Peru’s rather
insignificant.. Brazil could send some
of her ships as far up the Amazon as
Acre, the head of navigation on the
Acre river. Peru, however, could
make no use of her navy unless she
trust them sufficiently to send them
around Cape Horn to harass the Bra
zilian coast, which is not near so like
ly as that Brazil might send some of
her ships to make an assault upon
Callao, although the chance of suc
cess in this undertaking is so small
as to scarcely warrant the undertak
ing.—Philadelphia Ledger.
Heroic Son Saves Father.
When the schooner Levi Hart was
run down and sunk by a barge, Capt.
Philip Pendleton was thrown into the
hold of his vessel, where he found
himself pinioned down by the planks
broken in by the impact. He would
have been drowned had it not been
for the heroic action of his son Ralph,
who dived several times Into the hold
of the vessel filled with water.
“No, father, I’ll die with you,” were
his words when the father besought
him to take to the rigging, as he was
drowning. After repeated efforts he
got his father out of the hold of the
vessel, and both were saved.
Gasquet Going to Rome.
Abbot Francis Gasquet, who was
much talked of after the death of Car
dinal Vaughan as his successor, is
about to leave England and take up
his residence in Rome.
Deaths From the Plague.
The deaths from the bubonic'plague
in India ^re from 30,000 to 40,000 &
week. In Johannesburg, South Af
rica, 128 cases and 70 deaths have oc
curred in two weeks.
PHILANDER C. KNOX TAKES
QUAY'S PLACE IN SENATE
Philander C. Knox, attorney gen
eral in the cabinet of President Roose
velt, is the man chosen by the Repub
lican leaders of Pennsylvania to fill
the seat of Matthew S. Quay in the
senate. Mr. Knox was born in
Brownsville, Pa., May 4, 1853, and is a
graduate of Mount Union college, Ohio.
He was United States district attorney
in the western district of Pennsyl
vania, 187G-77, and after resigning, rep
resented many large corporations, in
eluding the Carnegie company. Attor
ney General Knox was advised by the
president to accept the appointment
to the senate.
Joseph H. Choate of New York,
United States ambassador to England
is among those mentioned as a possi
ble successor of Attorney General
Knox, who will become United Stat-s
senator from Pennsylvania. There 1
however, nothing definite as to the
president’s views concerning Mr.
Knox’s successor.
STAYING CAPACITY OF JAPAN.
Comparisons Show Island Empire Can
Make Long Fight.
The London Statist makes some in
teresting comparisons. In 1793 the
population of Great Britain and Ire
land was between fifteen and sixteen
millions. That of Japan to-day is be
tween forty-five and fifty millions. In
1794 the exports from the United King
dom aggregated $80,000,000. Those
of Japan in 1902 were valued at $127,
000,000. In 1793 the national debt
of Great Britain was 81,300,000.000.
In 1903 that of Japan was about $270,
000.000.
The war between England and Na
poleon lasted for about twenty-two
years. At the beginning England had
numerous allies, but one by one they
were conquered by Napoleon, and for
a time she stood alone. During the
conflict she maintained in arms, in
cluding the auxiliary forces and the
navy, about a million men. So heavy
were her expenses that she ran up a
debt of over $3,000,000,000.
The question is: If England, with a
smaller population and trade than
Japan has, was able to keep up the
fight against such an adversary a3
Napoleon for twenty-two years, how
long should Japan be able to stand
the cost of a war with Russia? Eng
land had the command of the sea.
She could send her manufactures to
all ports that were open to them. Ja
pan has the command of the sea at
this time, and her considerable trade
cannot be interfered with. She has
a powerful mercantile marine, varied
manufactures, and considerable min
eral wealth. Four years ago her fac
tories employed over 388,000 work
people.
The Boers, being a stubborn people,
held out against overwhelming odds
for two and a half years. The Eng
lish. being equally stubborn and un.
yielding, fought Napoleon to the end.
If the Japanese share the staying
power of Boer and Briton, for how
S many years ought they to be able and
willing to carry on war unmindful
of increasing taxation and a growing
j debt?
Wonderful Jewel.
The most extraordinary pearl—or
rather cluster of pearls—known as
“The Southern Cross,” is owned by
a syndicate of Australian gentlemen,
who value it at $50,000. So far as is
known it occupies an absolutely
unique position. It consists of nine
pearls, naturally grown together in
so regular a manner as to form a per
fect Latin cross. The pearl was dis
covered by a pearl fisher at Roe
bourne, West Australia. The first
owner regarded it with so much su
perstition that he buried it; but it
was discovered in 1874. and five years
later was placed on exhibition in Aus
tralia.
Receivers Annoy Sully.
When Daniel J. Sully, but lately
king of the cotton pit. was in the
heyday of his success he .purchased
a pew in St. Bartholomew’s church,
New York. Not until after his sen
sational failure did the deed to the
pew reach his office. Now the re
ceivers have taken possession of the
instrument, which they mean to hold
until trustees in bankruptcy have
been appointed. In the mantime, Mr.
Sully will have no pew to sit in
when he goes to church.
Lady Curzon Is Popular.
An American woman who returned
from England last week said: “The
affection in which Lady Curzon, for
merly Miss Mary Leiter. is held in
London, would gratify her Chicago
friends. I saw her dining in the Carl
ton with a party and the other guests
hung on every word the viceroy's
wife uttered. Her complexion, for
merly delicate and pale, has been
burned to a rich brown and l must
say the fierce .sun of India has giv
en birth to wrinkles.”
SPENDING JAY GOULD’S MONEY.
Countess de Castellane the Best
Dressed Woman in Paris.
Whenever the Countesa De Castel
lane digs into the Gould fortune for
the purpose of entertaining she gives
Paris something to talk about. Her
most recent fete was as sumptuous
as those of the past. The duke and
duchess of Thurn and Taxis were the
guests of honor, and the countess
stood beside them on a raised plat
form banked with roses. The best so
ciety of Paris bowed before the
American hostess and her noble
| guests and then retreated in wonder
ment to study the gown the countess
was wearing. Jay Gould’s daughter
has become a past mistress of the art
of dressing and on this occasion her
frock was a marvel. It was a pale yel
low chifTon velvet and the skirt was
covered with orchids deftly embroid
ered. These orchids were outlined in
gold threads and the color scheme
of mauve and yellow was unusual. It
is said ten women worked on the
countess’ gown day and night in order
to finish tjie embroidered flowers. The
bodice was trimmed with real orchids
and all the Castellane jewels added
a further brilliant touch to the orchid
costure.
PREFERS LIFE ON A FARM.
Ex-Gov. Herrick of Ohio, a Lover of
the Country.
Gov. Herrick of Ohio is now leading
a bucolic existence on his farm near
Sullivan, in Ashland county. Imme
diately on his arrival there he settled
down to a farmer's life in earnest.
Donning a brimmed hat of coarse
straw, the kind bought for ten cents
in a country store, and a pair of blue
overalls, he did the chores and other
small jobs incidental to a farm hand's
wore. One delegation of farmers dis
covered the governor sitting on a rail
fence eating a red apple, a feast
which he prefers to the most elab
orate banquet. He passed apples
around and then discussed various
topics with his callers. This is the
place where the governor spent his
boyhood days and where he first knew
the little country girl who is now Mrs.
Myron T. Herrick.
Seeks Cure for Leprosy.
Prof. Loeb, in Berlin, is experiment
ing with the rattlesnake venom as a
cure for leprosy, and he thinks he has
uit upon the specific for one of the
most loathsome diseases that human
flesh is heir to. Should he succeed in
demonstrating that the snake poison
will cure this plague, rattlesnakes
would at once become commercially
valuable. The market value of the
poison is about $15 per drachm. Prof.
Loeb gets his rattlesnake venom from
a man in Colorado, who keeps shaker
as pets.
Crown Prince’s Act a Novelty.
The German crown prince’s riding
of a tie wita Rittmeister Van Holt
zing recently in the grand military
steeplechase at Berlin for the Em
peror's cup marked the first occasion
on which a Hohenzollerti so near the
throne has been allowed to enter into
sport competition with any of his fel
low subjects. At Bonn neither the
present crown prince nor the father
before him was permitted to stand
up against any fellow student at the
“aiensuren," or corps duels.
One Result of Quay's Death.
As long as Matthew Stanley Quay
lived he was powerful enough to pre
vent the sale of liquor in tne city of
Beaver, his hofhe. Daniel Agnew.
once chief justice of Pennsylvania,
was chiefly instrumental in having
the place made a “dry" town and be
fore his death he made the senator
promise to keep out saloons. Now that
he is dead those who are tired of
drug store whisky will make an ef
fort to have the local option law re
pealed.