Nebraska Newspapers

    Loup City Northwestern
GEO. E. BENSCHOTER. Ed. and Pub.
LOUP CITY. - * NEBRASKA.
I
News in Brief
Out of every 1,000 of the world s
population 264 own King Edward as
their sovereign..
It •will take five years to rebuild the
Car.ipaile of Venice. The new tower
will probably have an elevator.
The Astors are gradually disposing
of their real estate holdings in the
tenement district of Now York.
Lieutenant Governor Guild of Mas
sachusetts has added a full set of Fil
ipino daggers of quaint design to his
collection of weapons.
Municipal corporations in England
own gas works, water works, street
railways, rocks, baths, markets, dwell
ings, race courses, dairies, and hotels.
It Is estimated that nearly all the
pine timber now growing in Minnesota
(about thirty million foot I will be rut
and marketed within the next fifteen
years.
Dr. Arthur McDonald, the criminol
ogist in Washington, now says that
unless a person wants to become a
criminal he should never eat meat or
potatoes.
W. C. Hodge died at Bloomington,
111., aged 72. He was one of the or
ganizers of the republican party and
a member of the first republican con
vention in California.
A special to the St. Louis Post-D
patch from Virdcn. 111., says: The Chi
cago-Virden Coal company s shaft at
Chetham, 111., was totally burned. The
loss may reach $10o,000. *
At Los Angeles, Cal., in a duel with
three detectives, Joseph Choisser,
aged 50, and Louis Choisser, aged 25,
father and son. were shot and instant
ly killed in a lodging house.
Mayor Weaver returned to Philadel
phia city council the loan bill appro
priating $16,000,000 for municipal im
provements and the council immedi
ately passed the bill over the veto.
The Cleveland Trust company has
purchased the business and good will
of the Central Trust company. The
Cleveland Trust company now has 34,
000 depositors and $18,000,000 in de
posits.
General Delaray made a speech to
the Boer prisoners at Admadnagar
and succeeded in persuading all but
ten of them to sign the oath of alle
giance to Great Britain. General De
laray spoke for five hours.
Rufus H. Connella, president of the
defunct banks at Indiahoma, Sterling
and Olusta, Oklahoma, small con
cerns, was found guilty of forgery in
the district court at Guthrie. He will
be sentenced later.
It was learned at Trenton, N. J.f
that the Pottery Selling company, just
incorporated, has been formed as the
result of on agreement among prac
tically all or the sanitary potteries of
the United States to control prices
and regulate the output of each pot
tery.
In a Are in the Chinese district at
Portland. Oregon, that caused $70,000
damage, three Chinese lost their lives.
Several Chinese opium smokers fought
the firemen who were endeavoring to
rescue them, not realizing their inten*
The firemen carried fifty inmates from
the building. *
It Is announced that General Fran
cis V. Greene will become a resident
of Buffalo when he retires as New
York's police commissioner on Janu
ary 1. He has accepted an offer to
take charge of the Ontario Power
company, now being built in Canada
opposite Niagara Falls.
The Paris Journal hears from Ber
lin that the Princess Charlotte oT
Saxe-Melningen, a sister of Emperor
William, who has been ill for some
time, is Buffering from cancer and
that the verdict of the physicians cre
ated consternation to the German
cout and had a bad effect on the re
covery of the emperor.
The house passed, without division,
the pension appropriation bill carry
ing $138,150,100. While the bill was
under consideration there was a gen
eral discussion on Panama, rural free
delivery, tariff and pensions, speeches
being made by Messrs. Scott (rep.,
Kas.), Miers (dem., Ind.), Sims (dem.,
Tenn.) and Burgess (dem., Texas).
The Shanghai correspondent of the
London Daily Telegraph says that, ac
cording to the mandarins, the Peking
government has again warned the
provincial authorities to prepare for
immediate hostilities, owing to the of
fensive action taken by Russia and
her allies regarding far eastern af
fairs.
Mrs. H. H. McKay Wilson, whosf
residence. 4208 Westminster Place, Is
in the heart of the fashionable sec
tion of St. Ixmis, was painfully and
dangerously burned about the handt
while trying to rescue her servant
Annie Crete, who died in terrible
iigony from the effects of fire that ig
hited her clothing.
At Lamont, Fla., Constable Jerrj
Poppell was shot and Killed by Chas
iMiller, a turpentine hand, whom ht
was trying to arrest. Miller tried t<
escape, but was shot by Woods, t
rider attached to the camp, and was
taken to Montleello for safe keeping
* Word has been received at the navj
department of the arrival at Honoluli
of the battleships Kentucky, Wiscon
sin. and Oregon, and the cruisers New
Orleans, Albany, Cincinnati, Raleigh
Yanshan and Pompey. It is not knowr
how long the fleet will remain at Hon
olulu.
THERE ARE OTHERS.
■ ' 1 ■ —mm*' i i
The French government is happy ov
over expenses for the current year,
CRANDJURYWORK
SENATOR DIETRICH AMONG THE
INDICTED.
COLBY IS ALSO TO ANSWER
R, M. Allen of Standard Cattle Com
pany and D. W. Gaines, a Rock
County Banker, Among Those Who
Will Be Drought to Trial.
OMAHA—The federal grand jury
adjourned Thursday afternoon after a
session ocntinuing from 2:30 to short
ly after 3 o'clock, when it filed into
the court room and announced to
Judge Munger that it had a report
to make. The report was made
through Foreman M. L. Arnold of Be
atrice.
Seventeen indictments were found.
The only one made public was the
one gainst John Johnson for selling
liquor to Indians. Johnson is now in
jail. Of the other sixteen none were
given publicity, pursuant to the pol
icy of secrecy observed by the grand
jury and district clerk, whom are
the only persons except the district
attorney who have any knowledge of
the personnel of the indictments. The
reason for secrecy in these matters
is that the indicted parties must have
first been arrested, be in custody or
have given bonds In order fhtat there
may be no miscarriage of justice by
the premature announcement of their
names.
It is, however, stated from other
sources that true bills were found
against former Adjutant General L. \V.
Colby of Beatrice for embezzlement
of public funds; an additional ihdlct
ment against Senator C. H. Dietrich
for profiting by a federal contract
while a member of congress In the
rental of property belonging to him
to the government; one against R. M.
Allen, president of the Standard Cat
tle company, for illegal fencing of
public lands: one against D. W
Gaines, president of the Rock County
bank, for perjury and suborning per
Jury in the matter of homestead fil
lng; an additional indictment against
Elliott Lowe for conspiracy with J. C
Mitchell, postmaster at Alma; J. C
Mitchell and W. Milt Erwin for illegal
sale of postage stamps with a view to
increasing the revenues of the post
office at Alma.
The present session has been an
important and remarkable one, large
ly because of the prominence of somt
of the men indicted and investigated
The list of those indicted prior to
Thursday and given out by the clerk
of the court numbers eighty-three.
At a night session testimony was
taken in regard to the land fraud
cases on the Omaha and Winnebagf
reservations. Then the grand jurj
sent word to Judge Munger that 11
was ready to submit its final report.
Judge Munger was in waiting am*
the jury filed into the court room
and Foreman M. L. Arnold stated tha
the jury had completed its labors anc
was ready lor discharge. The jurj
submitted no further indictments.
Judge Munger said. “Gentlemen
the court finds that you have been ef
ficient In your work and you havi
the thanks of the court for it. Yot
are now discharged from further ser
vice."
Statehood 1'or Each or Not at All.
WASHINGTON—Governor Otero o
New Mexico. Solomon Luna, a mem
ber of the republican national commit
tee from New Mexico, and Delegate
Wilson of New Mexico saw the pre«
ident Monday. While the people o
Arizona and New Mexico are urgim
their claims to statehood, it was stat
ed they do not approve of the propc
sltlon to make a single state of th
two territories. Delegate Wilson sail
he would fight that idea as long as h
could 8tanu.
er the possession of a small surplus
Uncle Samuel smiles.
TREATY IS A LAW.
Senate Passes Reciprocity Bill by a
Decisive Vote.
WASHINGTON—By the decisive
vote of 57 to 18 the senate on Wed
nesday passed the hill carrying into
effect the reciprocity treaty with Cuba.
The final vote came at the close of a
day which was marked by a debate
wlii'h, while at times animated, was
not acrimonious. The principal
speeches were made by Mr. Spooner,
for the bill, and by Mr. Bailey,
I against it. Both senators were sub
jected to frequent interruptions. In
his remarks Mr. Bailey referred to the
recent agreement of the democratic
caucus to stand solidly on party ques
tions and warned the republicans that
in the future they could not depend
on straggling democratic votes in sup
port of republican party measures re
gardless of whether they were or
were not in accord with democratic
doctrine.
The bill passed carries into execu
tion the treaty between the United
States and Cuba, which was ratified
last March. The treaty provides for
a reduction of 20 per cent from the
rates of duty under the Dingley law
on all Cuban articles imported into
the United States and a varying re
duction of from 20 to 40 per cent
from the established Cuban duty on
articles into Cuba from the United
States. After the passage of the Cu
ban bill the senate agreed to the
house resolution providing for a hol
iday recess from December 19 to Jan
uary 4.
When the senate convened Mr.
Spooner spoke on the measure. He
discussed the varying position of the
opponents of the bill, and especially
of the introduction of the Newlands
resolution inviting Cuba to become a
part of the United States, deprecating
I it and saying that he hoped it would
: be postponed indefinitely, because, he
said, sometimes invitations are re
garded as commands.
Mr. Spooner also discussed the ef
fect of the adoption by Cuba of the
Platt amendment as a part of the Cu
ban constitution and said It should
remain there forever for Cuba’s own
protection, inth as against foreign
foes and against insurrection. He con
tended that the Platt measure in no
wise derogates from Cuba’s independ
ence. He expressed the opinion that
i the United States owns the Isle of
Pines. The Cubans also think they
own it, he said, but we had noc
"opened a bank account with the God
dess of Liberty when we free Cuba,”
and could net afford to haggle like a
shopkeeper over matters with that re
public. Mr. Spooner said the New
lands resolution was in direct oppo
sition to the Teller resolution. Mr.
McKinley had put it all in a sentence
when he said that our intervention
must not be demanded as an indem
1 nity.
Appointed by President.
WASHINGTON — The president
Monday sent the senrte the following
nominations:
| Receivers of public moneys: Daniel
1 J. Foley, at Eureka, Cal.; Fred Butler,
• at Deadvllle, Colo,
i Postmasters: Alaska—William R.
> i Sampson. bitagway.
1 j Idaho—George E. Hovey, Burke.
Montana—I^awrence llauck, Philips
burg.
Whole Sea is Disappearing.
r ST. PETERSBURG—The sea of
- j Azof is disappearing and remarkable
- scenes are In course of enactment,
i At Taganrog the waters have receded
- to such an extent during the lashive
f days that the bed of the sea is visible
; for a distance of thousands of feet.
High winds hurled clouds of sand
- shoreward, covering the town. Ves
? i sels are lying high and dry and the
I greatest confusion prevails In the har
II bor. Work in the factories has had
J to be reduced to a minimum.
NEBRASKA STATE NEWS
NEWSY STATE BRIEFS.
The Salvation Army of Beatrice
will give a Christmas dinner to the
poor.
E. G. Glenn, Omaha. fO years of
age. dropped dead while blacking a
stove.
Lawyers of Omaha are moving in
th* matter of getting better men on
the juries.
The Salvation Army of Fremont
will give a dinner to the poor on
Christmas.
Mrs. Nancy Pclmerton. an old resi
dent of Beatrice has been adjudged
insane and ordered sent to the insane
asylum.
Congressman Norris lias recom
mended the appointment of Oren B.
Ballard as postmaster at Ives. Duno?
county, vice J. B. Burk, resigned.
At South Omaha J. VV. Nipe shot
and seriously wounded Thomas Kirk
because the latter refused to pay for
a sandwich which he claimed not to
have ordered.
Farmers of Lancaster county will
boldly oppose the meat trust, accord
ing to present plans. A meeting will
he heir! to organize an offensive alli
ance. The call is signed by J. G.
Quinn.
Word arrived at Table Rock of the
death of Mrs. Maggie Smith, who die 0
in the Hastings asylum. She hail
been in the asylum for many months
and had passed her allotted three
score and ten years.
A Bohemian farmer living near Sny
der is glad to be alive. The local
freight running between Cornlea and
Scribner jammed into his buggy and
took off the wheels, nearly making
a dear. one of the farmer.
Attorney O. Hanlon secured a judg
ment of $2,000 against the Fremont.
Elkhorn and Minneapolis and Omaha
railroads in favor of Mrs. Lais Jen
sen, whose husband, a section fore
man, was killed near Kennard by an
Omaha train running as a special on
the Fremont road.
At 2 o’rlock in the morning Louis
G. Sack, a farmer living four and
one-half miles northwest of Eagle,
discovered his barn was on fire. !Iis
two barns and contents are a total
loss, besides ail of his hay. oats and
corn, harness and farm implements.
Mis horses were all saved by hard
work.
Fifteen acres of land lying close to
the village of Snyder were sold for
the uniform price of $100 per acre.
The transfer was from Mrs. Matilda
Molle. executor for the estate of Fred
erick Molle, deceased, to Carl Bars
and Robert Peltzer, who own and op
erate the brick yard property in that
place*
carl Klumb. living near Stockham,
Hamilton county, attempted to com
mit suicide by shooting himself
through the head over the right eye.
Shortly after the shock of the wound
he arose and went into the house
and medical aid vas immediately
summoned. Motive for the deed in
unknown.
W. F. Porter of Central City, for
merly secretary of state, has been at
St. Paul endeavoring to interest St.
Paul business men in a canning fac
tory proposition. His plan contem
plates the investment of about $10,000
of local capital in a stock company
and it s said to have met with con
siderable favor.
Washington dispatch: Congressman
Kinkaid introduced a bill to restore
certain rights to settlers on the Fort
Randall military reservation in Boyd
county. The settlers not only had to
pay for the lands, but also to comply
with the homestead laws. Judge Kin
kaid recommended the reappointment
of L. H. Jewett as postmaster at Bro
ken Bow, Neb.
H H. Aultes, a prominent Stanton
county farmer, died last week.
The supreme court has decided that
ex Register of Deeds Holm did not
have to pay back money received ns
fees for looking up the names of sign
ers of saloon licenses, to see if they
were freeholders. The court said: "A
county officer is not required to ac
count for or pay over to his county
money received by him in payment
of services performed for another by
private agreement which are no part
of the duties of his office and which
are not incompatible with, and are not
Included within his official duties.”
A recent number of the University
of Chicago paper conveys the infor
mation that C. C. North, who repre
sented Ne raska in the Missouri de
bate in 1902.. has been selected as
oha of the contestants in the Chicago
Northwestern debate for the cham
pionship of the Western Debate
league. Mr. North graduated from the
Nebraska university in 1902 and at
tended Yale Divinity school for a year
and this year went to the Chicago
Divinity school. Prof. Chandler head
of the department at Chicago, speaks
very highly of Mr. North's ability and
hiJ training in debate.
The ftirniti re and light fixtures for
the new Carnegie library building at
Beatrice have not - rrlved, although
the time limit specified in the con
tracts expired some time ago. With
the exception of the installation of
these fixtures the building is ready for
occupancy.
Forrest Marston, accused of swin
dling farmers in various parts of the
state out of insurance premiums, will
not preach in Kearney county. He
made the date all right, but the sherifT
caught him at Fairbury and he will be
takep to Elmwood for trial.
WAR ON COYOTES.
Club Organized in Cutter County to
exterminate Them.
CALLAWAY—A move is on foot to
organize a county coyote club in this
county, each precinct In the county
to have a club of its own, and all to
work to gether over the county. For
many months the coyotes have been
raiding the chicken yards, the pig
pens, p.nd In several instances have
killed and devoured sheep and calves,
and it is proposed that these clubs be
organized and on a certain day each
week during the winter months a gen
era! round-up will he made with the
determination of exterminating these
peats. Tlie animals are more numer
ous than they have been for years,
and as there is now no bounty on
them, but little effort has been made
to kill them off. Their hideous howl
may lip heard in every direction as
soon as the sun goes down, and is kept
tip during the entire night.
The move has been started for the
organization of the chilis and it is
thought that by each precinct having
an organization of its own, and elect
ing its officers and holding regular
weekly round ups, hundreds of coy
otes can be captured and killed.
WOMAN KILLED BY CARS.
Buggy Struck by B & M Passenger
Train.
AURORA—A terrflile accident oc
curred at the city Units of Aurora.
Mrs. Alex Wilson and Miss Ethel, her
daughter, l!i years of age, whose home
is four miles southwest of Aurora,
were on their way to the city to do
some trading ;when they were struck
by B. & M. passenger train No. 42,
at the crossing west of the round
bouse. Mrs. Wilson's neck was brok
en, resulting in immediate death. The
daughter received serious injuries, in
eluding a broken leg and bruised head,
but so far as can now’ be told it is
thought she will recover. The horse
they w’ere driving was instantly kill
ed. The buggy was carried on the
pilot of the engine until the train
was stopped. The supposition is that
the victims of the frightful tragedy
were watching freight train No. 45,
which was about to pull out of the
yards, and failed to see the fast train
until it was too late. The husband
and father is one of the oldest set
tlers of this community.
For Primary Teachers
The primary teachers of the state
are especially favored this year in
having the promise or Miss Cooper,
supervisor of primary work. Omah^
public schools, to be present and ad:
dress them at the state teachers’
meeting. MIcs Cooper attended the
public schools of Oswego, N. Y„ and
graduated from the state normal
school at that place in 1885. In this
school she received special prepara"
tion for the work she has since done
so successfully, that of training and
fitting prospective and beginning
l teachers for their work.
Boy Hurt by Cars.
N3HAWKA—Claude Johnson, a boy
about 14 vears old. w’as swinging on
the side of a freight car while switch
ing was being done. As the car ran
by the stock yards the boy was knock
ed off by the cattle chute and a cou
ple of gashes cut in the back of his
head, another five inches long across
his forehead, and his right hand was
completely severed from his arm.
Has Smallpox Scare.
GENEVA—This county is having a
smallpox scare and a board of health,
just organized, sent out a number of
quarantine earns.
Adjudged Insane.
BASSETT—John L. Gordon, aged
twenty-seven, of Kirkwood precinct,
was brought before the Insanity board
here and adjudged of unsound mind.
He w’as taken to Lincoln by Sheriff
Smith. Mr. Gordon disappeared last
summer for several months, an*
though strict search was made by
relatives, he could not be found. In
August he reappeared at his old
home. Holies are entertained that
medical treatment will restore his
mind.
Prizes to Be Given.
Two prizes aggregating $G0 will be
given to Nebraska debaters this year
if they win from Kansas and Wash
inton universities. Chancellor An
drews has offered a prize of $30 for
one of the teams if it wins. This will
be known as the "chancellor s prize."
The prize will be shared equally by
the speakers. To the other team if
it wins will go a prize of $i0, also
shared equally, known as the "uni
versity prize." Where this prize
comes from nas not yet been given
out.
Killed by a Fall.
LTNWOOD—A serious accident oc
curred one mile east of here whereby
Joseph Polifka, aged 28, lost his life.
He has been working for L. C. Sed
licky for two years. They were haul
ing hay. Sodlleky being about twenty
rods ahead of him on another load.
The hay began to slip and Polifk*'
called to Mr. Sedlicky, who stoppc*
his team and got off his wagon, but
could not see Polifka. so he went back
to the wagon. Polifka was lying be
side the hay dead, his skull crushed.
She Merely Feigned Insanity.
"1 feigned insanity to test the love
of my people for me, and In an effort
to get mon°y which my husband loft
for my little 10-year-old daughter, i
am not insane and I never was. | act
ed an the time, and now. a jury having
found mo insane, I’ve got to go to the
asylum. I won t stay there, for the
doctors won t keep a sane person in a
madhouse.’’ Such was the statement,
of Mrs. Edna Hellew of Atlanta. Ga.,
made in a seemingly rational manner,
while preparing to be taken to th.'
state asylum for the insane at Mill
edgevllle, where she was ordered sent
by Judge Wilkinson in the court of or
dinary.
Deafness Cannot bi Cured.
by local application! u* they canuot roach the dl«»
eased portion of the oar. There in only one wav to
cure deafness, and that l! »>y conatitutt -nsl remedies.
Deafness Is caused by an Inflamed condition of tb%
mucous lining of the liustachlan Tube. When th>»
tube Is Inflamed you hu\ e o rumbling sound or Im
perfect bearing, and when It Is entirely cl»;<nd, Deaf
ness Is the result, and unless the inflammation can bo
taken out and this tube restore! to itsuormnl eon
dltlon. hearing will bo destroyed forever. N ino rases
out of ten are caused by t atarrh. v, Melt It nothing but
an Inflamed condition of the mucous surfa* • *.
We will give one Hundred Dollars f<>r any ctr.e if
Deafness tcaused by catarrh' that e:»nn* i be cured
by liail’s Catarrh Cure. Send for circulars, free.
F. .1. CliKN I.V «L CO.. Toledo. O.
Sold by Pnifrgbis, 7.’»e.
Hud’a Family Tills ure the beet.
As the kleptomaniac thought in thd
candy store, "Stolen kisses uro sweet
est.
Are prisoners on a ship put in the
“hold: '
it never pays to warp the character
to reach money.
irirn. »> in IO\W’n ^ynp,
For rMutrcn i periling, *ofii-ns tea n.m*. rocu-e* -n.
lamination, aiinjr* paui. cur*-* wimt roiic. *£*c * bottle.
There are always Iot3 of theatrical
stars left over.
All is not gold that glitters, hut lots
of people don’t know the difference.
In a street ear a man’s selfishness
is often deep-seated.
Piso’s Cure cannot be loo highly spoken of r.a
ncough euro.— .J. V. O'UniEK, H22 Third Ave.,
tv'.. Minneapolis, Mina., Jan. 6, 1900.
As the surveyor said: ‘ I have to
draw the line somewhere.”
No. “blood money” is not necessar
ily composed of red cents.
Defiance Starch la put up If! ounce-,
in a package, 10 cents. One-third
more starch for the same money.
tjirls Kiss each other In the most
Irving way when there are men
around.
Some women are attractive only
when they are laughing.
ARE TOtR CI.OTHE8 FAIVEO Y
Use Red Cross Ball Blue and matte them
white again. Burge 3 ug. package, 5 cents.
Sometimes the cobbler can’t tap so
well as the doctor.
Talking in a whisper is a bad habit.
No man is honeut who pllferc from
a good name.
• __ft_►_
The acrobat doesn't understand hl3
business until he tumbles.
If “Defiance Starch” does not
please you, return it to your dealer.
If it does you get one-third more for
the same money. It will give you
satisfaction, and will not stick to the
iron.
Chicago's Murderous Care.
An appalling list jf dead and injured
front the operation of the antiquated
street car systems of Chicago exists
in the police and coroner's records for
the month of October. Twelve per
sons appear a3 having been killed by
cable trains or trolley cars, and 155
were reported injured from the same
cause. Many cases of slight injury, it
is said, are never reported. Defec
tive equipment seems to have been the
cause of many of the accidents; care
lessness by motormen or gripmen ap
parently wan another prolific cause.
The killed average nearly one every
two days, and the injured more than
five per day.
The Cook and the Pope.
Bishop Potter is telling a story for
after dlnnor purposes on an Irish cook
who once served In his family. “Ono
day I heard the cook swearing at a
great rate at an Italian gardener wo
had and I rebuked him for it. “But,
yer rivennee,’ she said, ‘he is nothin’
but an ole dago anyway.' ‘You should
not speak that way of an Italian.’ 1
protosted. ‘You know that your pope
is a dago, as you call them, and you
consider him infallible.’ ’Yis, I know
that,’ she answered. ‘And a3 a dago
he is infallible, but if he was an Irish
man he would be twice as infallible.’ ”
There are men who insist upon be
ing looked upon ns born to ill luck.
A Western Woolgrcwer.
Newcastle, Wyo., Dec. 21.—There la
a man in this place who claims that no
one need Buffer with backache, as ho
has proven in his own case that it can
be completely and permanently cured.
His name is S. C. Holst, and he is
a stock raiser and woolgrower.
“I was shearing sheep at the time
the first pain came on,” says Mr. Holst.
”1 was so bad for two years after
wards that 1 could hardly sit down,
and when once down it was almost im
possible for me to get up again.
"I tried ail tho medicine I could hear
of and several doctors without help,
not even for a moment. I used Dodd's
Kidney Pills and they made a new
nmn out of me. I felt as if there was
new blood in my veins. ’1 am as stout
in the back as a mule and can lift and
work as hard as I please without an
ache or pain in any part of my body.
“It is now over a year since they
cured me and 1 can say there is not a
healthier man in Wyoming than I am,
and before using Dodd's Kidney Pills
there was not a more complete physi
cal wreck in the whole Country than I
was.”
A man rarely regards a woman as
strong enough to be left entirely on
her own resources.