CHRONOLOGY Of THE YEAR Events of Importance That Have Marked the Past Twelve Months. Two events overshadowed all others In the first year of the new century. One was the assassination of tvillium McKIn ley, president of the United States, and the other the death of Queen Victoria, bringing to a close the longest and In many respects the most remarkable reign In British history. Each of the two great English-speaking nations of the world was thus called upon to mourn for its highest representative of author ity and to face what at one time might have been a serious crisis In its affairs; but In neither case was there even the semblance of political or Industrial dis turbance or of governmental Instability. Theodore Roosevelt became president and Edward VII. king precisely in the manner prescribed by law and the close of 1901 finds each country as tranquil and secure as it wan twelve months ago. In the United States the afTairs of greatest Importance before the public, aside from the murder of the president, were the new Hay-Pauncefote canal treaty, the Schley Inquiry, the Supreme court decisions In the Insular cases, the formation of the United States Steel cor poration and other gigantic combinations of capital, the panic In the New York stock market, and the princely gifts to educational Institution*- by Andrew Car negie, John I>. Rockefeller, D. K. Pear sons and others. The Year Politically. ■ Politically, the year In the United States was a rather eventful one. Wil liam McKinley began his second term as president of the United States on the 4th of Marih, when he was Inaugurated with Theodore Roosevelt ns vice-presi dent. In September he was strleken down by an assassin and Mr. P.oosevelt became the chief executive. No other changes took place at the time, hut In December the postmaster-general, Charles E. Smith, and the secretary of the treas ury, Lyman J. Gage, resigned. Henry C. Payne of Milwaukee was chosen to suc ceed the (orimr and Leslie M. Shaw, governor of Iowa, the latter. I Work of fiCtli Congress. 1 Among the Important laws enacted at the second session of the 5iith congress were these: Reorganizing the army on the basis of a force of from 60,000 to 100.000 men: materially reducing the war revenue taxes; increasing the member ship of the house of representatives from 857 to 386 by reapportioning the con gressional districts; abolishing the army canteen. The river and harbor bill, the [Nicaragua canal bill and the ship sub sidy hill were measures that failed to pass. Our Insulsr Problems. Considerable progress toward the settle ment of the Insular problems was made. The greater portion of the Philippine Islands had been brought under complete control early In the year and the capture of Agulnaldo by Gen. Funston March 22 did a great deal to hasten the work of pacification. On the tth of July olvtl government was established with Wil liam H. Taft as the first civil governor. At the same time the military authority In the Island- was transferred from Oen. Arthur MacArthur to Gen. A. It. Chaffee. Opposition to United States rule It not entirely at an en i. In Samar bolomen attacked a detachment of the tlth Infantry' Oct. 18. killing ten and wounding six men. Other less disastrous en counters have occurred. Trade with New Possessions. Under a decision of the United States fupreme court rendered Dec. 2 it was held that the Philippines became domes tic territory immediately upun the rati fication of the treaty of peace and that in the absence of legislation by congress duties levied upon the products of the Islands were illegal. It was further held that the right of congress to pass laws for the regulation of the islands was un restricted, coming from the constitution Itself la substance It was held the col lection of duties on products coming from Porto Rico between the time the treaty of Paris went into effect and the date when the Furaker tarifT act became a law was Illegal; that the island of Porto Rico is a territory appurtenant and be longing to the United States but not a part of the United States within the rev enue clause of the constitution, and that the Foraker act Is constitutional. Relation' with Tuba. The relations to exist between the United States and Cuba were determined, at least temporarily, by the adoption of the Platt resolutions by congress In June. Briefly, these provide that the govern ment of tho island shall retain Its Inde pendence of all foreign countries, that tho United States may Intervene to pre aerve such independence, that the acts of tho United States during the period of military occupancy shall be ratified, that aanltary plans for the prevention of epi demics shall be carried out and that this country shall he permitted to buy or 'ense naval or coaling stations at points to be agreed upon. On the 21st of February the eonsMt utlon as agreed to by tho members of the Cuban convention waa signed by the members of that body. It Is based large ly upon that of the United States. Dec. 81 Oen. Tomaso Estrada Palma was I elected the first president of Cuba Free trade between Porto Rico and the Unlteu Statca went into effect July 25, the anniversary of tho landing of the Ameri can troops ori the Island In 1889. Civil government under the provisions of the j Foraker act was established In May. 1900 ( and the first governor was Charles H Allen. He was succeeded this year by Wl. ism II. Hunt. President McKinley's Murder. The facts In the asaasslnaton of Presi dent William McKinley are still too vividly remembered to require extended mention. He had entered upon Ills sec ond term under the most favorable aus pices. Everything pertaining to the fu ture seemed bright with promise when, without a moment's warning, he was shot down by an anarchist. The fatal bullet was tired by Leon Cxolgoss while the president was receiving the public in the T mple of Music at the Pan-American exposition In Buffalo on the afternoon of Friday, Sept. «. He lingered until early on the morning of the 14th of the same month, when he passed away, with the words: ‘‘God's will, not ours, 1»> done." .The grief of the people was as deep and ■Incere as It was widespread. Teiegrams of condolence caine from all parts of the civilized world und from persons In all stations of life The assassin waa speedily tried, con victed And tbs sentence of death execu ted. Cxolgoss died In the electric chair in Auburn prison on the morning of Oct. 29. Roosevelt Heroines President. Theodore Roosevelt assumed the office of president Sept. 14. the day on which McKinley died, taking the oath of office in Buffalo. One of his first public an nouncements was that the policy of hts predecessor would be faithfully ex ecuted. Srhley-Sninpson Controversy. The Schley-Sampson controversy as to which commander was entitled to the credit for the destruction of Cervera's fleet at Santiago reached Its culmination In July when the third volume of Kdgr.r S. Muelay's •‘History of the United States Navy” was published. In this book the conduct of Winfield S. Schley as com mander of the flying squadron was cen sured In the severest terms. The author declared that the admiral was guilty of disobedience of orders In falling to pro ceed to Santiago when ordered to do so and that the Brooklyn's famous "loop” was the result of his cowardice. As the historian was connected with the navy department as an employe Ad miral Schley could not overlook the charges and on the 22d of July wrote a letter to Sec-etnry I.ong asking for an In vestigation. His request was compiled with and a court of three, with Admiral Dewey president, listened to the testi mony and the arguments of counsel from Sept. 20 until Nov. 7. w hen the court took the case under advisement. Dec. IS ... • verdict was announced. It was in two parts, the first signed by all the members of the court ntul the second by Admiral Dewey alone. Rear-Admirals Bani am and Ramsay, comprising a ma jority of the court, condemned Admiral Schley in general terms, but Admiral Dewey In a minority report declared Schley was entitled to the credit for the victory of Santiago. Secretary I.ong approved the majority finding and declared that the opinion added by Admiral Dewry was not proper. President Roosevelt ordered the Imme diate discharge from the employ of the navy department of Maclay and the or der was carried Into effect. Isthmian Canal Treaty Signed. The outlook for the building of an Isth mian canal In the near future became much more promising when on Nov. 18 Lord Pauncefote and Secretary Hay signed a new treaty on behalf of their respective governments. This agreement sup, rseded the old Clayton-Bulwer treaty and did not contain the objectionable features of the document which was so amended by the United States senate as to be unacceptable to Great Britain. Its most salient feature was the implied right of this country to fortify the canal whenever it Is built. The agreement wrs laid before the senate and was ratified hy that body Dec. 16 by a vote of 72 to G. The canal commission appointed to inves tigate the two available routes—the Nic aragua and the Panama—reported In favor of the former, and a bill authoriz ing the building of n ship canal at Nic aragua v.ns at once Introduced In the house of representatives. Late In Decem ber it was reported from Paris that the French Panama company was willing to sell its property and rights for $40,000,000, and it Is, therefore, possible that the claims of the Panama route will receive serious 'consideration at the hands of congress. DISASTERS OF THE YEAR. 1 ISerord Is l ong, and the Number of Deaths Involved Rxcessive. Jacksonville, Fla., was the scene of the most disastrous fire of the year In Amer ica. The greater part of the city was laid in ashes May 3. causing a total los3 of about $11,000,000. Another serious fire was that in Montreal, Jan. 23. The loss was $2,500,000. Twenty-eight lives were lost by the burning of the Rochester (N. Y.) orphan asylum Jan, 8; nineteen persons were killed in a furniture-house tire In Philadelphia, Oct. 23, and 100 or more were lost in a great oil fire at Baku, Russia, Feb. 5. Tornadoes, cyclones and floods were fortunately few In number compared to other years. The worst disaster of this sort was a storm and flood In the Elk horn valley of West Virginia June 23. Between fifty and sixty lives were lost and property to the value of about $1,000, 000 was destroyed. The following is a list of the most prominent disasters in 1901: Jn January 10 were killed by an explo sion at Lel-Tung, China: 8 by a fire at Minneapolis; 6 by a railroad accident at Mikala, Austria; 20 by a panic at Tokyo, Japan; 120 by a blizzard in south Russia; 50 by the capsizing of a barge off the coast of Madagascar; 400 by a storm on the coast of Japan; TO by an explosion at Hang Chow, China; 10 by a boiler ex plosion at Reckllnghauser, Bohemia; and 25 by a hurricane at Trondjhem, Nor way. In February 87 persons perished in a mine accident at Durango. Mexico; 392 by a storrn on the coast of China; (1 by an explosion at Guilford, England; 7 by railroad accident in New South Wales; uisville, Ky. In August 17 perished by collapse of a wharf at Tampico. Mexico; 8 by a gaso line explosion In Philadelphia; 20,000 by flood in China; 100 by fire at Wltebsk, Russia; 10 by Are at Cleveland, O.; 6 by floods In Louisiana; 7 by explosion at steel works, Youngstown, O.; 5 by fire in Philadelphia, Pa.; 6 by a dynumlte explosion In Herkimer. N. Y.: 6 by a hur ricane at Villarego-Jllota. Spain, and 6 by tire in Brooklyn. N. Y. . In September 10 were killed by a mine explosion at Caerphilly, Wales; 5 by a boiler explosion at Oakland, N. J.; 17 by drowning off coast of Brittany; 6 by mine accident at Newcastle, Colo.; 23 hy dro wiling In the Kulpa River, Croatia; 11 by powder explosion at Rlpault, France: 32 by a railroad accident near Bucharest; 7 by fire at Naples; 8 by gas explosion at Newark, N. J.; 13 by a cloudburst In Presidio County, Tex.; 50 by a powder explosion in Cozena, Italy, and 15 by a mine accident at Nanaimo, B. C. In October 74 were lost In a gale on the Japan coast; 20 by a typhoon at Manila; 80 by a tidal wave In the Sea of Marmora, and 11 by Mood in Sicily. in November 170 perished by a storm at I.ake Baikal. Siberia; 9 by fire at Hurley, WIs.; 7 by an explosion at Athens, Greece; 9 by mine accident at Pocahontas, W. Va.: 22 by earthquake at Krzeromt; 29 by mine accident at Tel lurlde, Colo.: S by a mine accident at Hluetields, W. Va.; 7 by a mine accident at Wilkesbarre, Pa.: 30 by boiler explo sion at Detroit. Mich.; 76 by railroad disaster at Seneca, Mich., and 15 by drowning In the Hawaiian Islands. In December 25 were killed by a rail road accident at Kabron. Russia; 20 lost their lives by drowning In Japan; 140 by drowning at Goa, India: 11 by gas explo sion at Pittsburg, Pa.; 6 by boiler explo sion at Pittsburg, Pa.: 38 by railroad ac cident at Altenbrechen. Germany; 6 by railroad accident at Melegnano, Italy; 45 by fire at Zacatecas, Mexico; 37 by rail road accident at Liverpool. England; by mine accident. Hartshorn. I. T., 6; by waterspout at SafTee, Morocco, 200. The loss of life by railroad accidents reported by mail and telegraph for 1901 was 3,669, as compared with 4.169 In 1900 and 3,696 In 1893. The number of serious ly Injured was 3,266, as compared with 3.S70 in 1900 and 3,385 In 1899. THE FINANCIAL REVIEW. tnlted States na* Sustained Position of Leader of the World. A review of the financial history of the past year should make every Ameri can’s heart thrill with pride. For If In 1900 the United States fought Its way to a position as the financial leader of the world, the last year srw this country so fortify itself In the first place that its pre-eminence In the financial matters of the world is assured for an indefinite per iod to come. Not only was the money center of the world made permanent in Wall street during the year, but the invasion of the markets of the world by this country (hat had been gathering In strength for ten years was likewise pushed during 1901 with such success that this country may now fairly lay claim to the Industrial supremacy of the globe. The extent of our invasion of foreign markets during 1901 may bo Judged from the figures contained in the annual report of the Secretary of the Treasury. The foreign commerce in merchandise for the fiscal year 1901 showed a decrease of $26,769,019 in imports and an increase of $92,281,909 In exports when compared with the preceding year. Comparing the fig ures of 1901 with those of 1891, there is a decrease of *21,744,031 in imports and an increase of $6u3.284.1Sl In experts. The im ports of the year 1901 were $823,172,165 and the exports $1,487,764,991, making the ex cess of exports over imports $664.592,S26. Both the total exports and the excess of exports over Imports were greater in 1901 than in any preceding year in the history of our commerce. To say that the country has prospered during 1901 Is a weak statement of the facts. The floodtide of prosperity has rolled ahead for the past twelvemonth with ever-increasing strength, and with no indications that the ebb is to come. The government's finances have profited much during the past year. Revenues of the government from all sources for the last fiscal year were $699,316,530.92, and the expenditures for the same period were $621,598,546.54, showing a surplus of $77 - 717.9S4.38. Compared with the fiscal year 1900, the receipts for 1901 increased $29. 721.099.74. There was an Increase of $22, 253,561.44 In expenditures. The private moneyed Interests, as gauged by the condition of the New York associated banks, have an equally happy story to tell. During the year the New York hanks gained in deposits $56,680,600 and in loans $61,507,000. I LARGE SUMS GIVEN AWAY. I. lberal Donations Made to Charitable and Educational Institutions. The year 1899 was a record-breaker In donations and bequests made education al Institutions, libraries and art museums, charities, churches and religious enter prises. and to towns and cities for the public benefit and entertainment, the total reaching tho colossal sum of $79, 749.956. while the year 1900 was a dose sec ond, the total being $62,461,304. Doth these years must now give way to 1901, which Is the record-breaker of the centuries. Tho total of Its gifts reaches $123,888,732, an amount which may properly bo called ‘‘colossal." The world has never before known such generosity as this In it sin gle year. The century has opened well for education, art culture, religion and humanity. Of the total amount stated above there has been given to educational Institu tions the princely sum of $68,850,961. to charities, $22,217,4.0; to churches, $G,29s, 489; to museums and art galleries, $11, 133,112; and to libraries, $15,388,732. Antlrew Carnegie, John It. Rockefeller, J. F. Morgan, Jane I,. Stanford and others contributed sums running up Into the millions. The greatest single contri bution was that of Mrs. Stanford, who gave the Stanford university property to the value of $30,000,000. Mr. Carnegie founded scores of libraries throughout the United States, gave $10,000,000 to tho Scotch universities and offered the same sum to the United State* for the cause of higher education. In the west Ur. U. K. Pearson* of Chicago continued his liberal giving to the smaller colleges. The total contributions made for li braries during the year outside of those made by Mr. Carnegie amount to $2,374, 200. Including hi*, the total 1* the, extra ordinary sum of $15,237,700 ' THE DISTINGUISHED DEAD. List of Those for Whom tho World Mourns Is Long Cnlted States. Following is the year's necrology: Aldrich. Louis, actor. June IT. Armour, Philip D., packer, capitalist and philanthropies'., Jan. 6. Archer, Frederick, organist, Oct. 22. Babcock, Maltble D., clergyman. Jan. 25. Batchelden. Gen. Richard N., Jan. 4 Belknap, Hugh R,, paymaster. Nov. 12. Bickerdyke, Mrs. Mary A., civil war nurse, Nov. 8. Blair. Jacob B., jurist, Feb. 12. Boutelle, Charles A., congressman. May 21. Bradbury. James W., ex-senator, Jan. 6. Brewer, Marl; 8.. member of the United States civil service commission, March 18. Brodie, Steve, bridge-jumper. Jail. 31. Brosius, Marriott, congressman. March 13. Bunce, Francis M., rear-admiral, Oct. 19. Butterfield, Gen. D., soldier, July 17. Cammack, A. C., broker, Feb. 5. Cannon, George W-. mormon church lead er, April 12. Cheney, P. C., ex-minister to Switzer land, June 19. Cook, Joseph. Boston clergyman and lec turer, June 25. Cramp. Henry W., shipbuilder, Oct, 3. Croly, Mrs. Jennie C. ("Jennie June”), author, Dec. 23. Cumberland, George \V., actor, June 6. Cushing, Samuel T., brigadier-general, retired, July 21. Daly, Dr. William H.. surgeon. June 9. Deacon, Edward Parker, Boston million aire, July 5. Delmonlco, Charles C., restaurant pro prietor, Sept, 20. Donnelly, Ignatius, author, Jan. 2. Dormhue, Patrick, editor, March IS. Edwards, Dr. Arthur, editor, March 20. Elkins, Henry King, lumberman, July 20. Kllieott, Henry J., sculptor, Feb 11. Evans, R. G., attorney, Aug. 25. Evarts, William M.. lawyer, Feb. 2S. Fishbaek. William P., lawyer, Jan. 15. Fisk, Franklin W., founder of the Chi cago Theological seminary, July 4. Flske. John, eminent historian, July 4. Gage, Mrs. Lyman J.. May 17. Goode, John, botanist. Nov. 17. Gray, Elisha, telephone inventor, Jan. 21. Hark ness, W. H., scientist, July 10. Harrison, Benjamin, ex-president of the United States. March 13. Haverly. “Jack.” manager of minstrel companies. Sept. 28. Hay. Adelbert S., son of Secretary Hay, June 23. Howgate. Henry W., captain in army charged with heavy embezzlement, June 1. Hunt, George, ex-attorney-general of Il linois, March 17. Irwin. John, rear admiral, retired, July 2S. Kimball. Edward, “church-debt raiser,” June 5. Kyle. James II., United States senator, July 1. Ladue. Joseph, founder of Dawson City, June 28. Leary, Richard P., captain U. S. navy, Dec. 27. L* Conte, Joseph, scientist, July 6. Littlejohn, Abram L.. bishop. Aug. 3. Lorillard, Pierre, capitalist. July 7 Ludlow, Brig-Gen. William, Aug. 30. McClurg. Alexander C., bookseller and publisher, April 15. Meehan. Thomas, horticulturist. Nov. 19. Michler. Lieut.-Col. Francis, May 29. Moore. John, bishop, July 30. Moran, Edward, artist, June 9. Mount, James A., ex-governor of Indi ana, Jan. 10. McKinley, William, president of the United States, Sept. 14. Negley, MaJ.-Gen. James S., Aug. 7. Nicholson, William R., bishop. June 7. Nicolay. John G., private secretary to Abraham Lincoln, Sept. 26. Ninde. William X., bishop. Jan. 2. Nordhoff. Charles, author, July 14. Peavey, Frank H., elevator owner, Dec. 30. Phelps, Thomas F., rear admiral, retired. Jan. 10. Phillips, Jesse J., Illinois Supreme court, Judge, Feb, 15. Pierce. Gilbert A., ex-Unlted States sen ator, Feb. 15. Plllsbury, John S., ex-governor of Min nesota, Oct. 18. Plngree, Hazen S., ex-governor of Mich igan, June 18. Porter, FItz Jon. general, May 21. Raab, Henry, ex-superintendent of pub lic instruction of llinois, March 13. Rearlck, Peter A., rear admiral, retired, Feb. 9. Rogers, Jacob, locomotive manufacturer, July 2. Ruggles, Gen. J. M., veteran, Feb. 9. Bafford, Truman H., astronomer, June 13. Salisbury, Edward E., orientalist, Feb. 6. Samford. William J., governor of Ala bama, June 11. Bhaw, Col. Albert D., ex-commander of the Grand Army of the Republic, Feb. 10. Sewell, William J., United States senator, Dec. 27. Silliman. Benjamin D., lawyer, New York, Jan. 14. Snow, Lorenzo, head of the mormon church. Oct. 10. Starr, Eliza Allen, writer. Sept. 7. Stokes, Edward S., slayer of James Fisk, Nov. 2. Studebaker, Clem, manufacturer, Nnv. 27. Tanner, John R., ex-governor of Illinois,4 May 23. Thompson, Maurice, author, Feb. 15. Trenholm, William L.. ex-comptroller of the currency. Jan. 11. Turchln. John B., general In the civil war. June 19. Vhl, Edwin F.. ex-assistant secretary of state, May IT. Waite, Davis H., ex-governor of Colo rado, Nov. 2T. Walker, Aldace F., railway man, April 12. Whipple. Henry B.. bishop. Sept. 16. White, Stephen M., ex-l'nlted States sen ator, Feb. 12. Wigger, W. M . bishop. Jan. 6. Wildman. Rounseville, ex-consul to Hong kong. Feb. 22. Wilson, Jere, lawyer, Sept. 24. Woods, William A., United States Cir cuit court judge, June 29. Yeatmnn, James E., philanthropist, July 7. Foreign. Abdurrahman, ameer, Oct. 1. Allan, Andrew, steamship owner, June 27. Audran, Edmond, composer, Aug. 19. Bcsant. Sir Walter, author, June 9. Broglie, Due de, statesman, Jan. 19. Buchanan, Robert W., poet, June 9. Conquest, George, playwright, May 14. Crisp!, Francesco, statesman, Aug. 11. D'Oyly. Carte, producer of light operas, April ’ 3. Krruzuriz, Federlgo, president of Chile, July 11. Ex-Empress Frederick, Aug. 5. Gourko. held marshal, Jan. 29. Greenaway. Kate, artist, Nov. 6. Halit Rifat Pasha, grand vizer of Tur key, Nov. 9. Henderson, John, shipbuilder, July 22. Hohenlohe, Prince von, German states man, July 5. Hoshl Toru, Japanese statesman, Juno 21. Kruger, Mrs Paul, July 21. LI Hung Chang, Chinese statesman, Nov. 7. Milan I., ex-klng of Servia, Feb. 1L Murat. Prince Joachim Napoleon, Crt. 21. Nordenskjold, Baron Adolf Erik, explor er, Aug. 9. Orleans. Prince Henry of, explorer, Aug. 9. Ormerod. Miss Eleanor A„ scientist, July 19 pretorlus, Martlnus Wessel, first presi dent of the Transvaal republic. May 19. Rothschild, Pisron Wilhelm von, head of the great banking house. Jan. 25. Rummel, Frasz. pianist. In Germany, Stainer, William, bishop of Oxford, April 22. Tanner. Dr. Charles K. D., Irish states man, Sept. 7. Verdi, Gulseppe, composer, Jan. 27. Victoria, Queen, Jan. 27. Yonge, Charlotte M , author. March 21. LYNCHINGS IN 1901. Executions Hue to Popular Excitement Show au Increase. Tho lynchlngs reported In I960 showed an Increase of eight over those of 1399. A still further increase must be noted this year— an increase in brutality as well as In number—the record standing 107 In 1899, 115 In 1900 and 135 in 1901. The fol lowing table showing the number of lynchlngs In the lust seventeen years may be of value to those engaged In the study of this branch of criminology: 1885. 184; 1886, 138: 1S87, 122; 1888, 142; 1889, 176; 1890, 127; 1891, 192: 1892, 235; 1893, 300; 1S94, 190: 1895, 171; 1896. 31; 1897, 166; 1893, 127; 1899, 107; 1900, 115; 1901. :35. The lynchlngs in the various states and territories were as follows: Ala bama, 15; Arkansas, 5; California, 6; Col orado, 0; Connecticut, 0; Delaware, 0; Forlda, 7; Georgia, 14; Idaho, 1; Illinois, 0; Indiana, 1; Iowa, 0; Kansas, 2; Ken tucky, 7; Louisiana. 15; Maine. 0: Mary land, 0; Massachusetts. 0: Michigan, 0; Minnesota, 0; Mississippi, 16; Missouri, 6; Montana, 4; Nebraska, 0; New Jersey, 0; New Hampshire, 0; New York, 0; Nevada, 0; North Carolina, 1; North Dakota, 0; Ohio, 0; Oregon, 0; Pennsylvania. 0; Rhode Island, 0; South Carolina, 5; South Dakota. 0; Tennessee. 12: Texas, 11; Ver mont, 0; Virginia. 2; West Virginia, 2; Wisconsin, 0; Washington, 0; Wyoming, 0: Arizona, 1; District of Columbia, 0; New Mexico, 0; I’tah. 0; Indian Territory, 1; Oklahoma, 2; Alaska, 0. Of these lynchlngs 121 occurred in the South and 14 in the North. Of the total number 107 were negroes, 26 whites, 1 In dian and 1 Chinaman. The alleged crimes for which they were lynched were as follows: Murder. 39; criminal assault, 19; theft, 12; murderous assault. 9; attempted criminal assault, 8; oattlo and horse stealing, 7; complicity in murder, 6; quar rel over profit sharing, 5; arson. 4; sus pected murder, 3; suspected criminal as sault, 1; murder and criminal assault. 1; train wrecking. 1; alleged theft, 1; keep ing a gambling house, 1; suspected of killing cattle, 1; resisting arrest, 1; in sulting a white woman. 1; burglary. 1; forcing a white boy to commit crime, 1 Besides these, 9 were lynched because of race prejudice, 3 for unknown reasons, and there was 1 case of inistal.cn iden tity. FIRE LOSSES WERE GREAT. Year Has Keen Very Hard on the In st) ran re Companies. The year has been especially hard on the fire Insurance companies, because It has come Immedmti ly after another year of disaster. I^isess were heavy in 1900, many companies were forced to quit the business, and those that held on did so In the belief that the worst had been passed and that better conditions were inevita ble. Instead of that the losses for the year In the United States are *20,000.000 greater than in 1900. The result has been a number of rein surances. retirements and amalgamations of companies unprecedented since the year of the Chicago tire, when so many companies were ruined. Fourteen stock companies and eight mutuals have re tired absolutely from the field, beside a great number of small mutual and as sessment companies. Scores of other companies have retired from the West, the South or both, or have materially re stricted their writings in the sections of the country where they had suffered most. As a result business men needing largo amounts of insurance have been unable to get it. and a horde of wildcat com panies and irresponsible Lloyds have been started, to prey upon the necessities of the people. The losses for the entire year are put at $152,084,414, as against *130,028,000 In 1900, and *119.696.000 in 1S99. Life Insurance lias closed the most pros perous year in its history. The people have been prosperous and have been in vesting their money liberally in endow ment policies and ordinary life policies for the benefit of their families. It is be lieved that tlie total of new business written during the year by tile legal re serve companies will be *1,500.000,000. and that their Insurance in force will amount to *7,500,000,000. One company alone has written over *300,000.000. BUSINESS OF RAILROADS. ! . Truffle Receipt* Knormnu*. anil Many Mile* or New Track Laid. Keeping pace with the general prosper ity of the country, railway building In the United States during the year 1901 has exceeded that of any previous year since 1S90, when 5.670 miles of new lines were completed, and the record for tfiat year might have been surpassed had the steel mills been able to furnish the nec essary cars. The records of the Railway Age for 1901 show that with the returns thus far received not less than 5,057 miles of track have been laid on 332 lines In 43 states and territories. With tlie exception of Pennsylvania there has been little building in the East ern and New England states, but there has been much important work In all other sections of the country, the great est activity being shown in the southwest. The construction west of the Mississippi River has amounted to 3.187 miles, and the states east of the Mississippi and south of the Ohio have added 891 miles, making a total of 4,078 miles built in tlie states soutli of the Ohio and west of the Mississippi. Official reports to the interstate com merce commission for the fiscal year end ed June 30, 1901, show gross earnings of all the steam railroads in the United States were $1,578,164,202, or an average of $8,211 per mile. The previous year the gross earnings were $l,4ti7,044,M4. The net earnings the past fiscal year were $35.3, 007,024, or $35,577,213 more than ill the previous fiscal year. The amount of divi dends to stockholders last year was $121. 108,637, which Is $13,000,000 more titan the divident payments the previous yi ar. BUSINESS CONSOLIDATION Increasing Tendency Shown to Form Combination* of Capital. The feature of the Industrial situation of the ye^r was the continuation of the tendency to form great combinations of capital or trusts. In the first eight months the aggregate capital of the rtew corporations organized was $2,467,255,000, as ugainst $1,865,650,000 for the same pe riod In 1900. The most gigantic of the combinations effected was that known as the United States Steel corporation, hav ing a capital of $1,100,000,000. Its chief organizer was J. Pierpont Morgan. The companies entering the trust were the Carnegie, Federal, American Steel and Wire, National Tube, American Bridge, National, American Sheet Steel. Ameri can Tinplate. American Steel Hoop, Lake Superior Consolidated iron mines and the Shelby Steel Tube. Somo of the other combinations brought about were the Al lis-Chalmers, Amalgamated Copper, Am erican Can, American Locomotive, Amer ican Plow, Consolidated Tobacco, North American Trust, United Box, Board and Paper, United States Shlpbuldtng and tba Northern Securities companies. t CHIEF SPORTING EVENTS. Americans Uniformly Successful Orer Their Foreign Opponents. Sporting events of Importance Included the races for the America's cup, resulting Ir. another victory for the American yacht the Columbia over Sir Thomas Lip ton's Shamrock II., Sept. 28 and Oct. 3 and 4; the defeat of an English team of trapshooters by Americans at Hendon, England, In June; the winning of the world’s sculling championship by George Towns of Australia at Hat Portage. Ont., Sept 7, and the decision of the Interna tional committee at Paris, May 21, that the next Olympian games are to take place In Chicago In 1904. Pittsburg won the championship In the National Base ball league and Chicago was tlrst In the American league. In the east Harvard was the undisputed football champion, while In the west the honors were divid ed between Wisconsin and Michigan. In horse racing the feature of the season was the trotting of a mile In 2:02^4 by Crcsceus at Columbus, O., Aug. 2k War* of the World, The war which lias most conspicuously engaged public attention during the year has been the Boer war. It has now as sumed the form of gueillla warfare, and the new year opens with serious losses inflicted upon British arms. In addition to the South African struggle there has been the customary number of revolu tions In Central America, and a more or less sanguinary conflict between Venezue la and Colombia. The pending trouble between Argentina and Chile may be set tled by arbitration. The Chinese has been closed by treaty. In the Philippines desultory warfare with strolling bands of natives continues. The list of casualties, Including killed and wounded, for the year Is as follows: Abyssinia. 7,000; South Africa. 5,377, Arabia, 5,144; Venezuela, 2, 583; Colombia. 2,588; China, 1,604; Africa, 1.261; Philippines, !)G8; Mexico, 421; Corea. 315; Sumatra, 283; Java. 65; Albania, 64; Bulgaria. 44; Macedonia, 24 The total losses for the year are 27,681, as com pared with 123,878 In 1900. _____ i Str k»* Only Slightly Disturbing. ' Strikes were a somewhat disturbing! factor in the Industrial world. May 20 the machinists In some of the largest plants in the country struck for a nine-hour day without reduction In wages. About 20, 000 rnen went out In several cases they were successful, but In others their places were titled with other men. On the 15th of July a strike of Iron, steel and tin workers was ordered In some of the mills of the United States Steel corporation to compel the adoption of the union scale. Seventy-five thousand men were effected. Growing out of the strike was that or dered by President Shaffer of the Amal gamated Association of Iron and Sfteel Workers, In August. This ended In Sep tember In failure. Strikes Involving riots and loss of life occurred In Albany, N, V.; In the Tellurlde mines. In Colorado; among the teamsters In San Francisco and the miners In Kentucky. Embezzlements of 1001. The record of embezzling, forgery, de faulting, and bank wreckage for 1901 shows a small decrease as compared with that of 1900.The total Is $1,086,569, as com pared with $4,660,134 In 1900. The state ment of dishonesty by months Is as fol lows: January, $345,186; February, $75,500; March, $413,136: April, $507,185; May, $368, 074; June, $89,000; July, $179,306; August. $197,892; September, $121,400; October, $698, 232; November, $458,75S; lieeember, $550, 300. The losses are distributed as follows: Stol.-n by public officials, $696,945; from banks, $1,513,496; by agents. $227,700; for geries. $'{54,000: from loan associations, $266,315; by postmasters, $18,136; miscel laneous stealings, $l,GOS,9?7. I.os* of IJfe by Epidemics. The loss of life by epidemic diseases has fallen off considerably' as compared with 1900. The ravages of the plague have Increased, the number of victims in 1901 being a little over 38,000, as compared with 20,000 in 1900. Cholera, however, lias greatly decreased In fatality, its victims in 1901 being about 5,000, as compared with about 60,000 in 1900. The total of deaths in 1900 owing to the Indian famine reached the large sum of about 579,600. It is difficult to make any accurate list of statistics of this kind, but, roughly estimated, tjie cholera and plague last year claimed about 43,000 victims. No re turns have been made of the fatalities by famine In India and Russia. I.eg.il Executions In 1901. The number of legal executions in 1901 was IIS, as compared with 119 in 1900, 131 in 1899, 109 in 1898, 127 in 1897, 122 In 1896. 132 in 1895, 132 in 1894, 126 in 1S93, and 107 in 1892. There were 82 hanged in the South and 36 in the North, of whom 71 were negroes and 47 whites. The crimes for which they were executed were: Murder, 107; crim inal assault, 9; attempted criminal as sault, 1; and train robbery, 1. Snlol