(URL ASTRONOMER.
AN AMERICAN AT THE PARIS
OBSERVATORY.
Uorotbes Klumpke Employed by tlte
Ereueh Government i»x Expert In Tak
ing Mmaurrmentx of the Heavenly
Itodiex Tint Woman Thu* Employod.
I -
I
There has for some years resided In
l*Hrls a most remarkable Amperkan
family, consisting of a mother ana
four daughters, Klumpke by name.
With a high ambition for the wise ed
Ucatlon of her girts, Mrs. K'umpke
•eft this country some years ago, tak
ing her young family first to U-.t
tiionv, and from there *o Paris to com
plete the studios s'h* had uu. •i takei*
lor (horn. The eldest daughter de
termined to be an urtif-t, the second a
physician, the *hiid an astroi cf '«r
and the fourth, alio is a pupd of
Ysaye, a violinist. Women had stud
ied medicine at various times at Pans,
tint none had ever nrved as imei no
in the hospitals, and Miss Augusta
Klumpkc's plan to do this was mei |
_
( DOROTHEA KU MPKE.
with persistent opposition. "W* shall
do all we can/' the doctors warn i her, 1
"to prevent your entering.” Hut she
and her sisters each won a conspleu- !
oils success. Augusta Klumpke. now
wife of Hr. Dejerlue. practices medi
due In I’aris, uud is a collaborates of
■her distinguished husband in science
and in authorship.
Anna Klumpke. the oldest sister,
studied art, became the intimate frleoJ
of Marie liashklrtseff, and later of Rosa
Uonheur, whose portrait slie painted ;
<WWWV^SA^AAA/S/VA/\A^WWVNAA/V
—a portrait which now may be seen
in the Luxembourg where only the
best of contemporary art is admitted.
Anna Klumpke now resides a part of
the time at the Chateau de By. which
was Kosa Bonheur's home near Fon
talnbleau.
Julia Klumpke, the youngest daugh
ter, Is a devoted violinist, a promising
pupil of Ysaye.
But It is the third sister, Dorothea
Klumpke, whose portrait we print, j
whose work Is perhaps farthest from
the ordinary vocations of women, in
a recent issue the Express printed this
paragraph: “Miss Dorothea Klumpke,
an American astronomer, employed reg
ularly by the French government at j
the Purls Observatory, has been given
charge of the balloon work. She as- 1
cends almost dally. It w’as Miss j
Klumpke who observed the recent j
eclipse from a balloon manned by J
Comte Cnstllllon St. Victor and Man* i
ager Gulffrol, three of the ablest mem- ;
hers of the Aero club. They ascended j
3,000 feet. Miss Klumpke’s experiments
are said to have been immensely valu
able.”
An article on “The Klumpke Sisters"
in the September Critic gives an in
teresting review of Dorothea Klump- 1
ke’s career, which it says has been
even more remarkable than those of
her sisters. She passed the baccalau
reate and successfully took all the ex
aminations In science and mathematics,
and then made application for admls
aion to the Paris Observatory. Some
German professor had given her as a J
child a small telescope, and with this, j
watching alone at night, she had seen j
sights which delighted her so that she i
often roused her sisters, begging ihem
to come and share her pleasure.
“The directors of the observatory j
consulted the statutes; no woman Jiud j
hitherto proposed herself as a col- j
league, but there was no rule oppos ,
ing It, they themselves approved, and
so they gave her a telescope to make
her own observations, and after a tl.m
she completed the work begun by Mrn«
Kovalevska on the rings of Saturn,
which she made the subject of ber the
sis, and when she hud become doctor
of science she was given a decoration
by the institute ami made on Offlcler
de l'Academie. As soon as the Inter
national Astronomical congress under
took cataloguing all the stars as far as
the fourteenth magnitude, a new de
partment for the accomplishment of the
French chare of this vast undertaking
was rreated at the Paris Observatory,
and Dorothea Klumpke was placed at
the head of It, with four under assist
ants. She had lived for thirteen years
in the quiet gardens of the observatory
--whose main buildings present the
austere aspect common to places for
jj A//rcrf C.
111 \JcLf\derbilt j
He Hat Lately
Cone to WorH_
For a ailroad
Company. J* J*
Two events, one of which Is pros
pective, have recently brought Alfred
klwynn© Vanderbilt Into prominence In
1 he newspapers. This young man, the
(wealthiest person of his age in the
'United States ami perhaps in the world,
.has taken up the active duties of life,
llteginnfng work in the offices of the
•New York Central railroad, which
'made his family Croesus-like in its
eluded to go to work. He had a talk
some months ago with the men who
have his future in mind as to the best
thing for him to do to (It himself to
take charge eventually of c great prop- ;
erty. They advised him is they would
a son. They told him that ordinarily
the best place to begin a life of rail
roading was on the top of a freight
.train. But, as this might endanger
'life and limb, they decided <t would be
'\¥
ALFRED ei. VAN0KKH1I.T.
luMncMKin* and will learn the detail*
• »f railroad management. »o that he
may in time luumme the i e*poti*lh|IUIi*
which hi* vital wealth tmpnnea upon
him The proepc.tive event U hla mar*
irlage to MIm Klate Franch a hand*
•mine he teaa. which la to take place In
Januaiy Vanderbilt a fortune which
•Mummied to tt'i.iMMi.omi when he came
unto hi* inheritance, u now placed at
i'aMMHi igm
The young man waa In n in Sew
Vnrh In I**T7. and ww# th • third »'*n u‘
Coutelm* Vanderbilt a no dir t a yen
•igu lit* it!deal tooiher William, iln-d
while SilcndiNg Vale and h r other
brother, Cut well** in n I hia father
iM will by marrying a girt whom the
• •tiler Vnndeihrlt tlx mi sty In th>.
way the young mm n. met the
<4 hta Ini her‘a propei , ll id , ,,|„
,«t*d from V tie and a .. making ,• tuny
•4 the world whea
netirrred t'p hr Ihc *>< *• at he haa
Irwett ealratting nli th ettioriueHt pua
at hie from ll^. bet uf hr* I tu# being
•guy! at Nwwpoft hut r*.. entiy
better for him to begin n th« gtncral
oftlreH, and (hut to l*arn ho a ai‘OiiMt«
an* k**|d and the system of railroad
bookkeeping win the t««*id way to start.
II* urrordlngly began work lb th*
treaaurer'a offlra the other day. Alter
hating served in the oA«*e u* . u a*
•Ulan! to Herb* he will. wit.i th* utd
"f hi >blef rlerk gel all I deg of I, ,w
th - *»*<UtlV* end of the oA< * |« han
died flow long he w ill remain in the
"A« e of (he treasurer will depend upon
hitnodf Mote than llkelv he will go
from there Into the auditor s (.|d
and there gain an Insight into *t„ wev
a< mnta are handled as ihev , ume
fiom -ijudui tors aU'l the passenger and
freight agent* He also may spend a
•h-*it I true in the o|g< ■ of M I >>n l> U
the general passengei ag* at and «on*w
• >.i m »'•« *isi .. , „
the auditor s oA«e, wl r* ti| thin«s
ar* r**aplluUi*4 la * »<**.,-. wht>h
•bow* in a frneiton *f a a*n| ahat it
> t«M» la > *tf y a {Msesngsr a in . Is or la
kail a to* id frelgt ft •«* to.. ia>t<*n
lu a* rtbet
scientific research. Dark, draughty
corridors wind about between high
ceiPnged rooms with polished floors
and unfurnished, but for a few his
toric telescopes and the portraits <>f
great astronomers; but under the min
iature hill in the garden the American
girl has given her rooms the appear
ance of a home. She is slender, deli
cate, and in her pale blue eyes there
is a look of mystery communicated
from the stars into whose light she
gazed for so many years. The janitor
and the gardener speak of her rev
erently, and she is highly esteemed
by the Astronomical Society of France,
of which she Is the only woman mem
ber. She speaks and writes with equal
force in English. French and German.
“Daily Mrs. Klumpke unites her fant
ily of remarkable daughters, who.
though variously occupied during the
day. dine with her In her small apart
mont every evening—that she may then
study the result of having given her
children unlimited opportunity, and of
having stimulated them to tako ad
vantage of it. Two of them guard The
outposts of emancipation in France,
one has glorified art and friendship and
the fourth promises pleasure for the
world.’’
COL. EGE.
Illurr Character Who W'a« Kitiunu* in
the West.
Col. Ege was a famous character In
the early days. Although living in
Doniphan county, he was often in At
chison, followed !»> a pack of hounds.
He was a high-toned southern gentle
man with a kind heart. One day while
returning home from Atchison he came
acrosa a man whose wagon was stink
in the mud in Independence creek bot
tom. Col. Ege at once started i.i to
help the man pry out his wagon w. t
a fence rail. While both were working
away Ege became angry and yelled to
the man, "Lift, you son of a gun; you
are not lifting a pound!” The man
picked up the end gate of the wagon
and split it over Ege's head, laying
him up for three weeks. Ege had his
hat off when he was struck and was
so bald before going to Kansas that
he was known as the Bald Engle of
Maryland. Ege always carried a pistol
and was always trying to shoot through
somebody's hat without hitting him
One day, at the Independence creek
ferry, he shot at a man, but aimed a
little too low and creased him. But
Ege was always a gentleman; he took
the man into his home and tenderly
cared for him until he recovered.—
New York Press,
Ai»t liraclt* ( otil.
The area in northeastern Pennsyl
vania from wnich practically all our
anthracite comes embraces only 4S0
square miles, while our total coal de
posits thus far discovered underlie an
area of over a half million square
miles; and yet the value of the anthra
cite mined in these few counties of
Pennsylvania in t898 was 175,000,000,
considerably more than half the value
of the bituminous coal mined in the
entire country. No anthracite is mined
in any other part of the world except
in Wales, which produces annually less
than one-twenty-fifth as much as we
produce.
Our anthracite lies mainly along the
banks and in the valleys of three riv
ers: Along and near the Susquehanna,
with the largest centers of the indus
try at Scranton and Wilkesbarre;
along and near the Is'high, with the
region around Mauch Chunk as the
most prominent field; and along ti.e
Schuylkill, and Pottsville as the chief
shipping point.
A nut ralla** Primitive men.
The Bushmen of Australia, are the
most primitive tribe of people in the
British empire. Some of them do not
build even the simplest forms of huts
for shelter. They gather a lot of
twigs and grass, and taking them into
a thicket or Jungle, they build a nest
for a home, much as does a bird. The
nest is usually built large enough for
the family, and if the latter be very
numerous, then the nests are of a
very large size. Into this place they
all turn and snuggle and turn like
kittens. Sometimes the foliage will
grow together and form a sort of na
tural covering, but there is never
any attempt at constructing a protec
tion from the rain and storms, and
it is a marvel how they endure them.
Sometimes in a good piece of jungle,
hundreds of those nest-homes are J
found together.
Author of ‘Hoi Ii tier Kiilirr."
The authorship of the annul ng
verses. "Huh v*er Kaiser." made fa
mous on a certain occasion by t'aptiin
'oghlan. of the Kalelgh. has been er
roneously usi rthed to Captain Myers
who hud command of the t utted
states tuartne guard at Pekin previous
to tile capture of the • It) liv the ailii -
As a matter of fad the poem was
written by A M H (Jordon a news
pap< r man. and first published tn the
Montreal H> raid In October, ImJ (Jor
don died «um after in a Multireel lie
pita! Buffalo Cum Uteri ini
tr« 11 r*H« tn a* a l«
Tea la now enu»ld*ied the beat bev
rri|r w I'h w hit h to tight sl< ufa’i ami
is proving »wh |r Husain It «.t,
hist Impuited Into that country in
taw T'Mlar the annual • on auto pi ion
it i«*u ism mum (vnisib That «t hi p o.
n stair a alone I* let kt to -I it fn, ,|
thus to four pound* per t aidta t< i
and r oai M t»»>a vearlv I i »m»
vmi dint ila beer and wito- .» ■ <u,,
• MU'- I to Ibe rlt|« uf |! ‘SHI >*oo in y
lie * >. an >>> U l t. b n *.ii » V
alike apaWe of bore la>t a a avvn
bevrnrw t f a man who u»i« u., no
wnl htgknetf fiibotsI
t
WOMAN ELECTRICIAN.
SHE RECENTLY ASTOUNDED
PARIS CONGRESS.
Mrt. Ayrton of Fnftlnml Sahl to He the
Farrmoit Expert In Europe —The In
ventive Faculty C ount* foC Much In
Her Sucres*.
Prof Silvanus Thompson, the dis
tinguished English electrician, speak
ing of the electrical congress at Paris,
said at a public meeting in London
the other day, that undoubtedly the
most remarkable paper read was oue
by a lady, an English female electri
cian. A representative of the Gentle
woman was promptly dispatched to in
terview this lady, Mrs. Ayrton, who
gave an interesting account of how
she has attained the enviable position
she now tills as an expert electrician.
"I was always interested In it," »aid
Mrs. Ayrton. "I mads a little Inven
tion at Girton for measuring the beats
of the pulse, but afterwards I four I
such au instrument tr be already iu
existence. I commenced teaching aft* r
leaving college. It was then thH I
inventul a machine for dividing up a
line into any number of equal parti.
1 teally trgnn to stu ly electricity at
MRS. AYRTON.
the end of 188t. It interested me so
immense!; with its gigaat1 • possibili
ties."
in 1899 Mrs. Ayrton was elected as
a member of the Institution of Elec
trical Engineers, being the on-* and
only woman there.
“Yes.” siie said, "if was after I read
my paper on ‘The Hissing of the Elec
tric Arc.' Mr, Swan, the then presi
dent. after hearing me, said lie hoped
soon to see me a member, and i was
shortly after nominated. But before
then I had written a certain amount,
and had reud papprs before other socie
ties. The first things I wrote were
twelve articles for the Electrician, on
my experiments and theories with re
gard to the electrical arc Bu* before
them my husband had done a great
deal of work on the subject. He read
a paper on It at the Chicago congress
in 1893, and I helped him with some
of the experiments, writing to him
from here. But the paper got burnt
by accident, unhappily, so that it was
never published. But I was so charmed
with my subject that I went on with
• lie work on my own ‘.ccount, and I
devised new apparatus for that pur
pose. When I wanted to publish my
results I found I had to teconstni t
Prof. Ayrton's paper from my old
notes, as it was useless ta give mine
unless that was done.”
‘ And how' do men view your intru
sion into this particular sphere?”
"I have always found them most
kind, helpful and obliging. Jealous?
Not in the least. They are always glad
to do all they can for me."
"Do >ou think that there j3 a RPn.
nine opening for women in this field?”
Mrs. Ayrton grew enthusiast!.■.
"Yes, In the making of electrical in
struments. I am sure of it. The work
is one well within the'r scope, i ain
certain that any woman having a logi
cal mind and some Interest in the study
could make a way 'or herself. There
Is such a tremendous demand for
workers now, far exceeding the sup.
ply.”
"And how," I said, ' would one
start ?"
Well, one should first enter h urolf
as a student at one of the technical col
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leges—the Central Technical allege at
South Kensington, or the Finsbury
Technical college, where women are
admitted. She should stay there for a
three years’ course, and at the end of
that time she could get—at the first
mentioned institution —a diploma. A
two years' practical training would
then be necessary, and after nard she
would start a factory.'*
"And earn——”
"Anything from two or three hun
dred a year to thousands. It depends,
of course, on the Individual. The in
ventive faculty counts for so much.
There are magnificent openings for
women in this making of electrical
| instruments. Firms are now unable to
carry out their orders for lack of labor.
Mr. Ferranti, the well-known electrl
j clan, employs women workers In mak
| ing his meters. Of course, the direc
tion of this instrument making re
quires ingenuity and inventiveness,
witli a thorough knowledge of electri
city."
"And the cost of the training?"
"Inexpensive. You see, both tbnse
schools belong to the City and Guilds
I of London, who defray more than half
the cost. The pupil would only pay
about £2."> a year at the most."
"I wonder why women have not made
the Incursion before?”
"Oh. there must always be a leader.
When one practical, persevering wom
an has accomplished an opening oth
ers are sure to follow. As a matter ot
fact, our sex labors under the delusion
that they lack the faculties requisite
for electrical investigation -a mistake.
Hut I am sure that in the future they
will take advantage of the magnificent
chances within their reach, 1 spoke of
them and urged their acceptance my
self. when, last year, I took the chair
in the science section of the Women'.)
Congress. Women are recognised as
co-workers by (heir scientific brothers.
At the present congtess of the Hritlsh
association at Bradfoid, It bus been
decided to admit us a,s members o?
the general and sectional committees."
"When you were quoted as having
i read that remarkable paper-"
"Oh." Mrs. Ayrton laughed, "on my
experiments find researches. Yes, I
go in more for that branch than for
practical invention, and 1 am shortly
publishing a book on the subject."
Which tiook. it need scarcely be add*
1 ed. is being looked forward to eagerly
by the scientifli world It concerns.
s|rr|i. in n I’Hiiper'* (irn««.
Rev. Kdward Dunbar, who wrote the
old ii'llgioiiK song. “There's a Light in
the Window for Thee. Brother," sleeps
in a pauper's grace at Coffeyvllle, Kan.,
where he died a tramp in the town
jail ten years ago. ills name became
a byword in the places where he was
known, and from a prison cell lie went
forth a vagabond on the faee of the
earth. In 1 R»;7 lie was arrested at
Leavenworth, while engaged In hoid
■ ing a series of revival meetings, and
taken to Minneapolis, where he was
; tried for bigamy, convicted and sen
tenced to the penitentiary for three
years and eight months. One night,
in the spring of 1890. Dunbar applied
ui the Coffeyville jaii for lodging He
was ill. and the authorities took him
in. He died the next day. Papers in
his pocket revealed his Identity, and
showed that he had trampei. all over
the country. Some church people have
lately erected a marble slab over his
grave, on which these words are In
scribed: “Here lies Kdward Dunbar,
who wrote “There's a Light in the
Window for Thee. Brother." *
—■-——
Art of l.ctter Writing.
In the good old days when postage
I was so high people wrote small hands
and crowded a great deal of news and
gossip into a letter, seldom using more
than a single sheet, writing on both
sides and crossing the lines. The
habit of crossing lingers yet with some
women. With the advent of cheap
postage cbirography changed its stylo,
leaping at a hound from the inclined
infinitesimal to the nearly vertical
vast and unrestricted. Note paper of
the ordinary width sustains but a
single word to the, line, whereas three
quarters of a century ago twenty
words might have been written in the
same space. There can he no doubt
that cheap postage has destroyed the
art of letter writing
The ftlKlunn of the ft..tie by the
Xaialgumated AsxoelaUon of Iron .tt'J
dteel YYoikerH Kin Im< regarded a* an
•vent of goal 1 KI|M'i|Hell'|. Ill the III*
In-trial affulm of the country. With
be a>tjUNtOt0llt of wageg on tlo in- s
if the market price of Inn ate! an mi
tall. e of Itve per rent ,11 p.nldltlt,;, It
leaaonahle to evpe* I a tl.M.rishi'ig
• ••in for the Scon and ateel worker*
t i il>t other favorable ronditl m* nr
.all While the Amalgamated a»»tt< I t
ton la*, not mutltd all the mill*, the
a tie |irevailing In the non union mill*
» gel*, i all* the In. m fillet In .lie
irna*. « of |he \ malgalnat* I .
ton I'hut the new a*ale directly if
. I IgM non » i. l» un it and Ind.re lit
nan> Ih'iHtuR'U more with wage.* rutl
ting Into the hundred million. The
*. ale evplre.t by inotation on Juic
I# ton e that . ujifereto m have kwH
vei l in i'tttrhuig N. a Yolh In trot,
ml I In* Ithatt With I -pf* *el»lallv » , of
he maoufa. mm * ea> h — *.t <<« .itu. ;
« favn. lhi.' vtli.tiltoo .I Ik. in * In
* ho h ha I he*>n m an un*aii»f» |.,*y
Rate with inn e* falling and .lei..an l
(•» tea-lug With contra* l* alt .leait I
ip non tail a* on e .m |\* ||. i»o .|
at» Vi., e than foe Rito* and .ut|t. *
rtlMMHlIlK I 4!U»'KK
Ih# tf. | Uii
• Ijllou Ilf l*w|* *l«4 lit#*! M Mill)
• mi i>* ik* <%** <t iu*
tuinl 'M *kt«k u ik* *i i»uik m *1
t • tik ik# r*4ii»* ,uitl
Ik Ik# *lilM ilVtM I'll |»!**»kl»#»|
*« km** «Mk f "*k* ki< m
FOR A LATIN UNION A
A MOVEMENT AGAINST THE
ANGLO-SAXON RACE
M
To Be Star In! Soon at an International
Cointreau to Ba Held In Mailrld |,
Han at One Time tile Dream ut \tl
polean III.
There will soon assemble at Mudri<l
under the presidency of the ex-Premier
Sagasta an International congress with
a remarkable mission. ^
All Latin America, including Mexi
co, Is to be represented at the con
gross. Portugal, prompted by the
dread of seeing her still vast colonial
possessions share the fate of Spain
has been quite as active In the or
ganization of the congress as the lat
t-r nation, while Italy and Frame do
not attempt to conceal the sympathy
they entertain for the objects which
this Pan-Latin union has In view, in
deed, France, which has always con
sldered herself lo he the leader of tin.
Latin races, may yet endeavor to put.
herself at the head of the movement.
In spite of the perpetual quarrel*
among the l.aitln-Ameri<an republics
EX-PREMIER SAGASTA.
quarrels which have done so much to
retard the progress and development
of the central and southern par’s of
this western hemisphere—a certain
radical community of sentiment exists.
This wus made apparent at the time
of the war between the United States
and Spain, when the sympathies of
the people in Southern and Central
America were with the Hldalgoes
rather than with Unde Sam. This, of
course, did not become manifest until
the pretended friendship of Great
Britain for Uncle Sam was being ex
ploited by American and English pa
pers. In certain South American cities,
indued, public subscriptions were or
ganized for the avowed object of pro- ^
v id lug the government of Madrid with
sufficient funds to purchase or con
struct warships for use against the
United States.
Nor is there ground for much sur
prise that popular sentiment in Cen
tral and South America should have
been with Spain rather than with the
United States in the war of two years
ago. From the Rio Grande to Cape
Horn the white population la wholly
of Spanish and Portuguese origin. That
population is possessed of all the
racial pi^judlces, traits of character
and moral as well as physical peculi
arities of the people of the Iberian
peninsula. Caste and lineage still play
a great role in Central and South
America, and there are few families
of any social importance which do not
love to dwell on their relationship
with the great houses of the aristoc
racy in the mother country. These
people, when setting foot on Spanish
soil, resume the titles inherited from
their ancestors, which* they ure de
barred from using on this side of the
Atlantic. Indeed, many of the rich
families of Mexico, Chili and the Ar
gentine Republic divide their time be
tween Madrid and their homes in the
new world.
The ties between the mother coun
try and the Latin republic of the
western hemisphere are all the strong
er because they are not administrative
or in any sense due to compulsion, but
based only on kinninanship and on
community of ideas, charaiterstics.
Iirejiiuirra nuu uukhi
While it Is doubtful whether the
t-on gross at Madrid will succeed at
once In binding all (he nations repre
sented therein to a hard anil fast al
liance, it may be regarded as certain
dial it will pave the WHy for such a
union when some external dungei
drives the Latin states of America to
gether In a panic of apprehension. Sup
pose, for instsnce, that the United
.States aho'tld consider It necessary to
use force to put into execution ita
views with regard to the inter-oceanic
canal, or. let ua conceive I’ncle Hum
in pursuance of the Monroe doctrine
Intervening to prevent llrustl or the
Vigintine Republic from ceiling or
selling territory to Kngland. or, again,
it* it* picture to ourselves th« United
dtatea Interfering In one of these Lat
in \mer.cun stale* to obtain Indeui
city fo’ the maltreatment of sonic for
• tgii men hunt any a Herman trailer
with the ni»Je« t of averting armed Ku
ropvau Intervention Any one of
these Ihingt which are unite within
the bound* 'if ptiaalblllly, would he
*oHt« n ui to ersste a wave of iM-aUmcui
ihionghiuit Italia America. sad, ■ i
t-adtng to Latin tCn»up»- that might
tatng attuut the uatoa. until that time
lueraly latent, uf sit the Liiih imss
. 'i V' 1 t.i. i - u |.ic
•'t»el/ the •am* war that hsi*)lwa
i III * devlarattnn of war again*' the
king of t*vu*<ia br*oig all ii* umo
| into tin* agwiaa* t >«a. i