VITAL ISSUES Considered and* ISCUSSED and BY EXPERTS
HOAR.
MASSACHUSETTS SENATOR
AGAINST BRYAN ISM.
No Confidence in a Party that
Denies Self-Government.
The Real Issue Is the Preservation of
National Financial Honor and Not
Whether Aguinaldo Shall
Succeed.
tBy Hon. Oeorge F. Hoar, United
States Senator.)
I am asked to state briefly why I think
anti-imperialists should vote for Presi
dent McKinley this fall. There is in my
judgment such a thing as imperialism,
nnd such a thing as anti-imperialism. The
imperialist says the Philippine Islands
are ours. The anti-imperialists say the
Philippine Islands belong to the
Philippine people. The imperialists
say we will establish for them the
best government we think they are tit
for. The anti-imperialists say they ha\e
a right to establish for themselves such
a government as they think good and tit
for themselves.
Now, President McKinley made the
treaty, and Mr. Bryan, when its defeat
was assured, came to Washington and
saved it. These two great political lend
ers. in tween whom you are to take your
choice, are equally responsible for every
thing that has happened so far. When
the treaty became the law of the land,
the public faith was pledged to pay S'_*0,
000,000 for sovereignty over the Philip
pine Islands, nnd that Congress, and not
the people, should dispose of them here
after. It became the constitutional duty
of the President, until Congress should
act, or declare otherwise, to reduce them
to order and submission. The Supreme
Court of the United States so held long
ago. The only difference up to this point
between President McKinley ami Mr.
Jiryan is that President McKinley be
lieved he was doing right, lielonged to a
party which had always been, as he him
self had been, the champion of political
liberty, in the pa“t, nnd is right on all
of the oilier questions that are at stake
in the coming election, and is tit to be
trusted with all new questions that shall
arise. On the other hand. Mr. Bryan
thought the whole transaction wrong,
makes some thin and frivolous excuses
f >r 1 is conduct, and the party with whom
he acts: and the men who surround him
and will surround him as his counselors
are men who have been the opponents of
righteousness, equality and civil liberty
always in the past, are wrong on all the
other gre-it questions that are at stake in
the present election, nnd are not, in my
judgment, to be trusted with new ques
tions, however important or vital, that
are to come up in the future.
In tin* matter of imperiaiirin there* hns
been little practical difference between
President McKinley anil Mr. Bryan in
tin* past. There will tie little practical
difference in the future. Mr. Bryan does
not even promise to use his power as ex
ecutive and commander-in-chief in call
ing our troops from the Philippines, lie
only promises to call Congress together.
He knows very well lie cannot command
even the strength of his own party to
undo the mischief which seventeen of his
own followers in the Senate, at his own
instance, wrought when they ratified the
treaty—Messrs. McEnery, McLaurin,
Morgan. Pettus, Sullivan. Allen, Itutlor,
Harris, Teller, Kyle and Jones tof Ne
vada)—have not changed their minds.
Poasibly Mr. Clay of Georgia and Mr.
Kenney of Delaware among his associ
ates have done so. It is hopeless, even
if the Democrats get a tie, or even a ma
jority in the Senate, to expect them to
accomplish anything in behalf of the in
depen(l"nce of the Philippine Islands.
In IV Mi you regarded Sir. Bryan’s cam
paign ns a “passionate crusade of dis
honor." You said its success would bring
with it not only adversity, but disgrace.
Would its success not bring disgrace
now? Mr. Bryan said at Topeka that if
he were elected the free coinage of silver
• h ouid is* accomplished before another
presidential election. St*orernry Gage
says he can lawfully accomplish it by
executive power alone. Whether Mr.
Gage is right iu his construction of the
powers of the President under existing
law, I will not undertake to >ay. But 1
will undertake to say that Mr. Bryan
will not hesitate to u*e that power if he
has the great authority of Mr. Guge for
its law fulness. 1 do not believe the tnau
who promoted the ratification of the
Spanish treaty means business in this
nnitt»*t of the Philippine Island*. But 1
do believe he mean* business in the mat
ter of the free coinage of silver, in the
matter of free trade, and in hit purpura
t i reconstruct the Supreme t’oiirt lie
means had business, lie mean* Icwine**
which will overthrow prosperity and em
barrass manufacture, which ivdi reduce
Wife* and destroy credit; which Will d<
baueh th*' currency and render the stand
ard of value ufttertain. which will impair
tie* obligation of contracts slid the value
of . <rings, who il will hurt our credit and
to sk our faith All this t > u is !.*• i * , ns
I d > Y 'ti sail so lu I*-*,, V n have
been confirmed in your by every
!h »l.4! hat happened l»<*e Will you
support a t-rud isle who. If he have hi'
way. you admit will aeeourptivh all these
things, be - s use he and Ins party else you
*u i n ;>•> prom ** jrrst .c t«j |ui*si
Asiatic*, and at the same time threat
•a n>ievow* Injustice sad wrong to |i»,
Americans?
I s .ii mi * tc r , * , • f ,- i
presidency, or he p to hrmg a party lot**
p*s#' wa,s, while they plant •* . hr* eU
the fie 'op) at H .ism Nt rstisfics and
the other irn |h# f rvhead of || ’ erI
tail), wave the tag over tr*. ,s«!d- and
Ms -a Gt.iMIGIl I' II" tU
H«r<wi*r Mass
RATIONAL HONOR OVER
COLONIAL QUESTIONS.
Why Judge Hornblower De
clines to Support Bryan.
Opinion of a Leading New York Jurist
Whose Elevation to the Supreme
Bench Was Beaten by
D. B. Hill.
(By Judge William B. Ilornblowor of
New York.)
Judge William B. Ilornblowor of New
York, who was nominated to the Su
preme bench of the United States by
President Uleveland, and whose confirm
ation was beaten in the Senate for pure
ly personal causes by David B. Hill, has
made the following statement why he, a
Democrat, cannot support Bryan:
1 have been repeatedly asked during
the past few weeks what, in my judg
! incut, is the duty of a Hold Democrat
who is also an Anti-Imperialist, in the
pending presidential campaign. The
question is by no means a simple one,
and I can well understand and appreciate
the position taken by such men as Mr.
Sehurz, Mr. Shepard and Mr. Olney.
For my own part, however, I cannot see
lay way clear to reaching their conclu
sions. Tlie same reasons which compell
ed me to oppose Mr. Bryan in 1800 com
pel me to oppose him in the present cam
paign. All the heresies, financial and
Populistic, which were embodied in the
un-Deniocratic, crazy-quilt platform of
1800 ure readopted without any attempt
at modification or mollification by the
Kansas City platform. The 10 to 1 plank
is expressly reaffirmed and redeclared,
and this at the instance of Mr. Bryan
himself. 1 rannot support a candidate
who still adheres to a proposition which,
to my mind, is a monstrosity and which,
if carried into effect, would in my judg
ment produce untold disaster to all
classes of the community and bring dis
honor and humiliation to our nation. Tlie
fact, if it lie a fact, that recent legisla
tion has made it difficult for Mr. Bryan
lo carry into practice his avowed princi
ples does not, it seems to he, make it
any the more right to vote for a man
who still maintains these principles. It
is quite within tlie possibilities! that dur
ing his administration, if he should lie
elected, a complete change might be ef
fected in the politieul composition of both
houses of Congress, and the verdict of
tlie people expressed at the polls in favor
■ if Mr. Bryan's election as President
might be carried into effect. It will ccr
rninly be Mr. Bryan’s duty, according to
his expressed declaration, to do what in
him lies to bring about this result.
It is not to be forgotten that Mr. Bryan
is not only tlie candidate of what is left
of the Democratic party, but he is the
candidate also of the Populist party, and
lias accepted the nomination on their plat
form. The radical notions of the Popu
lists, if ever carried into effect in this
country, would reduce popular govern
ment to a position whore we should lie
the laughing stock of the nations, and
would produce a reaction in the minds of
tlie voters which would carry us far in
the direction of domestic imperialism,
which I suppose will he conceded to be
of vastly more moment to us and to our
posterity than colonial imperialism. In
deed, the chief objection to colonial im
perialism is its probable effect upon our
domestic institutions, and its tendency to
wards enlarging the powers of the execu
tive ns between the executive and the
legislative departments of the govern
ment, and towards increasing the pow
ers of the Federal government as be
tween itself and the States.
The question as to what is the “para
mount issue" in this campaign iH one on
which men may honestly differ, l't seems
to uie. however, that the most important
issue before us at the present moment is
whether our domestic affairs are to lie
thrown into confusion anil exposed to dis
aster. The rights and wrongs of our co
| '.unial possessions must in this emergency
lie subordinated to the rights and wrongs
of our own affairs.
Furthermore. 1 am by no means satis
fied that Mr. Ilryan would be a safe per
son to whom to intrust the imperialistic
questions which will confront us in the
future. In my judgment be ought to
have made his fight at the time when the
treaty with Spain was before the Sen
ate. lie should have upheld the hands
of such dissenting Republicans os Sena
[ tor Hoar, and lie should have opposed to
the hitter end the principle of buying for
; elgn peoples without their consent and iu
1 the midst of a war for independence on
their part. By supporting the treaty Mr.
Bryan made himself a party to its com*
1 (tact, and i«, more than any other one
mail, ev *pt M Mo Kin ley, re*|Hiimihl*
for th • situation. The treaty wa« rati
!!• !. the purchase uto|)#y was tmid, th*
islands are iu our possession. In my
| j• i Ig iiciif, the qii1'.,. n of their future
and of mir future, u» determined indi
I fl etly by thi it future, must wait until w*
h.iVc s*‘tili‘i| t Hi- quest bin of the present,
and that i)iit,!l-ai is whether honesty. In
tegrity and common sense shall tie ate
i n| in the Snail' ill affa i s of the I‘alb d
1 "bates, ,ir whether popular approval shall
•s’ giv« n 11 the vagaries, wh.n.s, a el fa!
| !.i* • s f th* I* pubs’* ant Brvaaites,
w >th all the resulting disaster and ills
I h nor
« II.!.I t\i II lloltsiiMiw |;n
Nt* > ik tv
"Mhal I >lru..u«t, r la a l*n>4*«'U«*
Tan* l» l* lulw ••< <.ti.>at) a Mil ih«
Ik'NMM l-' MI a| |if in* t|»l«* that
haa .•»< r i m»..l il<i< ■ <.«•••*)" M HI*
| ta*» l»aala*i lkr|aa la a apaa»>* la
lh» ll"*a h# !I• imiiiiin, |a*t|.
alia# ik* *aa*..f I ha M lU-.a
<•..*!«• an In* trail tan* laia.
HORNBLOWER.
SCOTT.
SOUTHERN PROGRESS
UNDER PROTECTION.
Improvement Directly Traceable
to Protection.
Acknowledged and Understood by South*
ern Business Men and Planters,
Whose Sympathies Are with
Republicanism.
(By lion. N. B. Scott, United States
Senator, of West Virginia.)
The South is the citadel of Democracy
in this country; it has also always been
the citadel of free trade. Twenty-five
years ago a protectionist Southerner was
almost as rare as a white blackbird. The
overthrow of the old Whig party bad
practically eradicated that element of po
litical society in that section.
But since then a great change has been
gradually going on. The growth of pro
tectionist sentiment in the South during
the last quarter century ia one of the
most important developments of recent
,political history.
It is u fact susceptible of ample proof
that whenever we have had a protective
tariff the whole country, North and
South, has prospered, and whenever we
have had a low tariff, or practically free
trade, the country has suffered from hard
times.
In every branch of productive indus
try that can be named there has been
EXPORTS
TO
HAWAII:
$3,723,057
1900
$13,509,148
EXPORTS
TO
PHILIPPINES:
1895
$119,255
1900
$2,64^449
“ It Sort o’ Looks as If I’d Have to Kxpand.”
increased activity and increased profit
during McKinley's administration as
compared with the previous low tariff of
Cleveland's administration. In these
benefits the South has fully participated
and shared equally with the North. All
this progress, improvement and profit is
due mainly to the Republican protective
tariff, operating according to the fixed
gold standard.
The change of opinion among the
Southern business men in regard to the
principle of the tariff and other funda
mental business principles during the
present campaign has been wonderful; in
fact, quite revolutionary.
In West Virginia the feeling in favor
of protection Is very strong; in fact, the
inhabitants realize that the Republican
tariff on coal end iron has been tbe mak
ing of the State. The farmers of the
State also appreciate the rise in prices
of farm products, which they see is due
not so much to bountiful crops as to a
good market for those crops. The re
cent tremendous increase in the foreign
demand for American coal is also appre
ciated at its full value by the West Vir
ginia people, and they are fully aware
thnt it hns been rendered possible by the
protection afforded to home products by
the Itiugley tariff.
The banking house of Unmblctnn »v
Co. of Baltimore, all of the members of
which are prominent Democrat*, have
come out with a circular to their client*
and correspondent* all over the South,
in which they advocate the defeat of Bry
an and the re-election of McKinley, «n
account of the great benefit* to the South
which have accrued from the working*
of the Hepublican financial and commer
cial policy during the last four year*.
In brief, no section of the country has
lis t a larger »hare of tbehrcneral proa
pent) during the present administration
than the South, and it ha* been due main
1) to the operation of tin Kopubli* un tar
iff and eurreuey law*, as the Southern
busines* men tew understand aud m
knowledge Never before in the hutary
I of the I ailed State* lias the output of
) the Southern iron »re and pig iron, bun
1 her, mil and r«he, lava large as it baa
i lima in tbe pm two tears: and not fur
I tears, if ever, have the pn.e* been >•
high Never before was •** large a pro
portion of Hunt her a produets *hip|*ed
fr-<m M.other a pert*. Never before has
no.ne) U*4n«v*t| tb»r«* it h )<»* lutrrnv
%W tin* wet*urret| under the •
vtandaid and lb*- p- •'« tite tariff I few
years ag • the * ..oh ha*I pram* ally s<*
intSHfiHtre* it h>* u- w nvet II ivvi,
»*s' ia»» *. v» -'.| .0 fa**i*uft* *, paying *»ee
Wet•»*• tast *n wage*, a I p-odwriag t*w
tweer* ll V*. msi is*i 4 , j t. >■ v* it*i <aa)
•r<*d •• tv »- *r < 'l**i w# tfci* in* rea*e
ha* been »e* wr*d under ihe present id
■*»ol ib- * an I it 4 "r* tl| due to the
• petal a -.f ihe lipoti** t«*
n it mori,
EAMES.
AMERICANS ARE
NATURAL PIONEERS.
We Must Advance Commer
cially, Being Producers.
Must Seek Markets Elsewhere and Cre
ate New Openings for Our Goods—
Expansion Natural in a
Nation's Life.
, (By John C. Karnes, of the IT. B. Claflin
Co., of New York.)
How any man at oil interested in the
advancement and welfare of this great
country can preach the doctrine of anti
expansion is more than I can understand.
Anti-expansion means contraction, or
at least that would be the result. Unless
we seek markets for our goods outside of
the limits of our own country we cannot
advance commercially. We are a coun
try of producer*. Not only do we draw
from nature’s bountiful supplies of the
ground, but, by using the ingenuity
Providence has given us, we have demon
strated that we can by modern machin
ery turu out more manufactured goods
than we can use. Therefore we must not
only seek markets elsewhere, but we
must create new markets for our produc
tions. To do this our country must have
at least a foothold in other countries,
commercially at least.
Our occupancy of Cuba and Porto Rico
has assured us of the greater part of the
trade with those islands. The influence
for good has not stopped there, but it
has extended to all the Spanish-speaking
countries of America. Inquiries from
these countries for American goods and
manufactures are becoming more numer
ous every day.
I wish to say right here from my own
knowledge of the business men in Cuba,
and from what they have said to me per
sonally, that I am sure that their conti
detiee in us alone was what mad# them
coatinue business on the islands and feel
that there wus a future for them. With
out an exception the business men from
Havana and other cities in Cuba have
stated frankly to me that if the United
States should withdraw entirely from
Cuba they themselves would feed obliged
to go out of business that all busiuesa
con tii If nee would be shaken.
Speaking especially of fabrics manu
factured from cotton, think how impor
tant it is that we find new markets for
our cotton goods. Of the nine to twelve
millions of bales of raw cotton produced
in this country twothirds of it is ex
ported und made up into cotton cloths
uhroud. The exportation of the raw ma
terial in itself is an immense factor iu
our foreign trade and commerce, but how
much l»'tter it would be, iustead of send
ing two thirds of the raw cotton abroad
and using one-third in manufacturing
goods in this country, to export one-third
and u<e two-thirds here, exporting the
finished product, thereby doubling the
number of our mills and factories and
giving emplojtnent to twice the number
of o'M>rutive«.
If U not probaht# that we will #r#r
guiu \#ry intK'h of a foothold on I'hinrae
shores, for It «lo#a not seem to b# th# de
*lr# of th# people of this eowatry at large
that w# should expand to that ettent.
lint we have th# I’hilippitie Island*. prat*
! th-atljf forced npon in by limnuuitiw,
win h in the near future will prove to
lw one of the rti--*t valuable territorial
aetpiixitioiia that we have tuadr two th#
■rig.ual thirteen btalea were organised
N..t only ran we, in time, supply th#
sewn or right aniiion inhabitants of
i th- -e island* with prartit-aily eierything
that they d-i n**t rai<r or iiunuf*. lure
th< fusel »*-s, hot We ran M*e the islands
• a» a stepping-stone to Asiatic eo-mtries
The majority of th# targe tlongbuag and
dhiaghai houses already have hrsn-hes
| in Manila, as well as representatives la
New V»rb; Ibis wilt • •-M| 'ete the - oats
nf emtaon ttl iatev#oor*e betwrew this
[ country and l'h,«*
IVhat we need to expand ..or tra*h- sad
reaiMerve With other outklrtM hit ->ad
and liberal p-l y by lho> giverwaseat
•urH •• '••• t e-reul a-!t ..i. .'.*ii ,» n»s
sd-ptasl
Jt'lfN » h ldi.lt
N*» Verb.
WARREN.
WHAT REPUBLICANISM
HAS DONE IN WYOM NG.
Miners and Stockraisers Are
Receiving Good Returns.
Senator Warren Tells Why the West
Will Return Good Majorities for
McKinley and Roostvclt
This Year.
(By lion. Francis K. Warren, United
State* Senator.)
The people of Wyoming are vitally and
intensely interested in the outcome of the
present campaign. Wyoming ha* been a
State but a little over eight years, and
of tlii* period four years each of Demo
cratic ami Republican government have
served to impress upon the minds of its
people two distinct ami impressive ob
ject lessons. The first period was dur
ing the Democratic administration front
DM to 18!)t! inclusive, in which we suf
fered so severely in business matter* and
when our material condition* were con
fessedly so devoid of tiope that as we
look back it all seems like a hideous
nightmare.
The second period/>f four years is tlint
formed by the McKinley administration.
At the outset of it we were awakened
to life and hope. During this time our
industries, depressed and unprofitable
under Democratic policies, have become
prosperous, and our business veutures
remunerative and satisfactory. The
ranches, farms, cattle, sheep, mines and
railroads of our State all give substantia!
returns to the capital and labor expend
ed upon them, und our people, instead of
being constant borrowers, are now pay
ing their debts and becoming lenders.
Bryan’s scare heads—"Expansion, Im
perialism and Militarism"—are not an
issue of the campaign in Wyoming. This
Stnte is the product of expansion. Every
foot of its area of 07,000 square miles
was formed from territory acquired by
acts of expansion such as the Louisiana
purchase, the seizure of the Oregon coun
try, the Mexican treaty, and the Cali
fornia purchase, and all this without the
consent of the governed.
One of our Wyoming volunteers whp,
when the war broke out, was a leading
Democratic politician of the State, who
went to the Philippines as a private and
through merit won a commission, recent
ly wrote home as follows:
"I would like to lie home so that 1
could vote against Bryan. I hope he
will be defeated so badly that the buga
boo word Imperialism will never In
board again.”
The chief industries in Wyoming are
live stock raising, farming, coal mining
and railroad operation. Sheep, cuttle
and horse raising form the greatest in
dustry of the State. During the four
years of Demorratic administration, and
under the direct operations of the Wil
son tariff law, the condition of the sheep
and wool industry in Wyoming was ap
palling. Slicep brought less than one
dollar a head; wool sold for five cents
and sometimes loss per pound, and mut
ton shipments would scarcely realize the
railroad freight to market. During that
four years the highest annual assessed
valuation of all the sheep in the State
was $1,308,000.
But with the McKinley administration
and the Dingley tariff of 1897 sheep,
which could scarcely find a purchaser at
a dollar a head, now sell for four dollars.
Wool now brings from fourteen to seven
teen cents. Mutton now sells for from
four to six rents a pound on foot. And
the assessed valuation of sheep in Wy
oming is now $5,428,493, a gain in four
years of over 300 per cent.
The contraift between the cattle In
dustry under Democratic and Republi
can administrations is almost as start
ling. From 1893 to 1897 depression and
ruin was the rule. Hut, as in the sheep
business, the election of McKinley and
inauguration of Republican policies
wrought a marvelous change. Mixed
herds of cattle for tflr past three years
buve sold for thirty to thirty-five dollars
a head; calves bring fifteen to twenty
dollars a head, and steers now net the
cattle raiser from forty five to fifty-five
dollars each. The assessed valuation of
cattle in the State now amounts to $8,
134,800 and is rapidly Increasing.
I'nder the past four years of Repub
licanism, Wyoming has grown to be an
important factor atuoug the coal produc
ing States. During the four years of
Democratic rule, with the same number
I of mines ns at present, the annual pro
' duct ion was 2,439.311 tons a* against
4,500,000 tons per annum during the
past two years of the McKinley sdminis
I tratlon. The increase in production
I no uns more miners, more days worked,
' better pay.
The most hopeful feature of Wymti
i mg's business cumin. n D to he found in
[ the fact that its local bash* now t arry
tile credits of its business people. The
i deposits of Wyoming bunk, have incress
! cd four fold iu the ps«t four yrsrs and
| the number of depttsilors bst increased
1 five fold. Western banks sn now m
1 dependent of the hast s* the Kssl Is of
Europe, and It will be .little.lit, | think,
for \lr. Hr yen tty mb 11 'tee ..ttr people
that this comfwetable state «f alfsirs is
not due directly to the w i>c and patriotic
policy »f th« Republican p .m
la IUhi when f .1* . . deor ... .
i sad disaster ksd alnomt driven onr te-ple
I to despair, II <sa carried ike Sii> fir
• bout 2,5m | lu.-slitv. Sow if the pr, pi#
will spur* llu» from ba- ness, float the
| rap h an t from the i,«.ue to g■« t« ike
la \|r (try aw but the M-K nley and
R*-... .. , el ,r« w I carry ike rt. i,
i by a subsisnual is,...ii,
lit am ip i; w kiiRi.s
ratted Niaics fbaatut
Che|rSue, Vk ye.
BALDWIN.
CONSOLIDATING ROADS
ASSISTS THE EMPLOYES.
Better Chance for Railroad Men
than Ever Before.
A Return to the Old System of fflgh
Freights, High Fares aad Jerk
water Railroads Is an Im
possibility.
(By William II. Baldwin, Jr„ President
of the Long Island Hailroad.)
To appreciate the significance of the
value of railroad consolidation to the pub
lic, it is only necessary to attempt to
conceive of a return to former conditions.
The small independent railroads, with
their relatively small number of em
ployes, each road with its own standards
of equipment dependent upon the idiosyn
crasies of its principal officers or direc
tors; each road with responsibilities to
the public as a carrier only to the extent
of its own short line—all these limita
tions suggest a local independence which
would permit to the railroad the employ
ment of labor on the basis of "supply"
for its small demands.
On the other hand, the gradual growth
of large systems composed of many such
small lines produces a new and constant
ly growing responsibility to the public,
until finally n point is reached w'here the
law of supply and demand affects hut
remotely the skilled labor necessary in
transportation service. The function per
, formed by railroads has become tew im
portant to the body politic to permit, of
any solution of these serious labor and
wage questions, except by intelligent con
sideration on the part of the representa
tives both of the management and of the
employes.
The effect of consolidation has brought
ninny good results to the employes: An
increased ability on the part of the rail
roads to pay higher wages; to employ
more men; an improvement in standards
of tracks and equipment, which has re
duced the hours for a day's work and
has made the service less dangerous. It
has also made the employment of men
in the service more regular throughout
the year and thns kept together a regular
force, and lias developed a code of stand
ard rules, governing the army of em
ployes, which have dignified their em
ployment and made more permanent their
positions.
The saving by consolidation Is due to
the ability to develop business econom
ically.
Conversely, the business of any trunk
line to-day could not be handled by a
series of independent lines with varying
standards, ut the present rates w hich are
profitable to the larger lines. With the
improved efficiency and economy of trans
portation, rutes have constantly declined
and traffic has been continually develop
ed. With increased density of traffic,
the number of employes has been increas
ed in proportion and has been paid a
higher wage. The improved facilities
and higher speed of trains have made the
day's work for a trainman, not one hun
dred miles as a maximum, but as a min
imum, ao that to-day, with high speed
trains, the trainman may earn in two
hours’ time a wage higher than he earn
ed in earlier days in five hours’ time.
Even though the wage per mile run were
the sume to-day as in past years, the ac
tual work which the trainman con phy
sically do within reasonable hours is
oftentimes lilt) per cent greater. The lo
comotive engineer of to-day may average
easily one hundred and seventy-five miles
per day, and at an increased rate of pay
over the one-hundred-miie day of the
past.
In railroads, more than In any class of
labor In this country, we have seen the
results of wise leadership on the part of
the trade unions. Both capital and labor
aim at monopoly; the best result is ob
tained only when intelligent counsel pre
vails. The railroads are moving on to
word greater consolidations and with con
stantly increasing benefit to their million
employes and to the public. More and
more each year the managements of rail
roads acknowledge their public duties,
more and more each year the operation
of railroads is liecomiug a governmental
function, so that, as I see it, the best
condition will lie renehed when the re
lations between the government and the
railroads are intelligently defined, with
the nianngement and operation left in
tin- hands of private persons. The ideal
condition la to so operate ibe railroads
as to approach an ideal governmental
o|H>ration and yet to retain the ownership
in private capital.
The history of railroad wages has
shown that the public has been willing
always to recognise the responsibilities
of railroad men, and ha* given lis sym
pathy to them in their reasonable de
mand". The employes, n« a rule, have
shown an Intelligent understanding of
the reasonable wage, and when they
have not acted fairly and wisely they
have red been "imported by the public,
have been refused their demands by the
railroads and have learned that reason
i most prevail,
H II II H VI.UM IVJlt
New Y ok
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