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About The Loup City northwestern. (Loup City, Neb.) 189?-1917 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 29, 1897)
•JUSTICE.!.B. WINSLOW A LATE DECISION HAS MADE HIM FAMOUS. Manila njr the >!!■<■■ of the I’reaa Papera Have a Perfect ICIght to Crltl elae ilnillclal Candidates for Office.— H HI* Career. VSTICE JOHN B. **■' Winslow of the Su preme court of Wis consin, whoso far r e a c hlng decision In the freedom of Sf" the press Is attract t Ing attention all k over the country, Is ' the youngest man In Wisconsin's high tribunal and Is a P judge of fearloes and lofty resolve. If Justice Winslow took Judge Bailey f sharply to task for attempting to throt i tie the press In criticising his record when he was a candidate for re-election last spring. Bailey Instituted con tempt proceedings against his critics 1 would have landed them In Jail It not been for the Interference of lupreme court. The gentlemeu In in the case wore H. C. Ashbuugh A. Doolittle of Eau Claire. Winslow, who wrote the opinion, and who denounced on the part of the lower to gag the free expression of was elected to the Supreme two years ago. At that time he a Justice of the Supreme court, been appointed to All a va raused by death and It was a conclusion that the people return him. Justice settled In Wisconsin In from New York. He was then u and after graduating from Ha college he studied law and begun of Ills profession. He was successful, and In the spring when only 3ii year# old. he was to the circuit bench. His refl a trial Judge was admirable. Of la 500 cases only flfty-slx appeals were e, and of these the Supreme court ersed but eleven. Justice Winslow Is above six feet itgb. He has a handsome, kindly fsce and Is gentle In chareeter and dlsposl* tlon. He was called out to run for Ills present place by popular petition. Henry Clay's Kemarknlile Memory. It Is said that no man ever had a more marvelous memory for faces than I Henry Clay. The Instances given to prove this are numberless. On one occasion he was on his way to Jackson, Miss., and the cars stopped for a short time at Clinton. Among the crowd who pressed forward was one vigorous old man who Insisted that Mr. Clay would recognize him. Ho had lost one eye. "Where did I know you?” asked Mr. Clay, fixing a keen glance on this man. “In Kentucky,” was the reply. "llad you lost your eye before thou, or have you lost It since?" wua the next question. “Since," answered the old man. "Turn the sound side of your face toward me so I can see your profile," said Mr. Clay, peremptorily, and the man obeyed. "I have It!" aald Mr. Clay, after a moment’s scrutiny of !he profile. "Didn’t you give me a verdict hh juror at Frankfort, Ky„ In the fa ... Ik. ITnltml Ulolou I'OKailU I, twenty-one years ago?" js, sir.” cried the old man, trcra wlth delight. ud Isn’t your name Hardwick*?” ed Mr. Clay, after another minute. :old you he'd remember mo!" cried Id man, turning to the crowd. ”Ho forgets a face, never forgets a ” kina Ward*Portrait of M. retire. Uustavu Hutches hits given a ing word portrait of President l> ’auie which haa |tasse<| over re like wlltl-Hre, and will doubtlrxs ne historic. The present thief of tale haa the uoae of 1'i.incta 1, the tf the llapeburg*. a Hou.-Uon chin, igurc of a grand duke, tbe tdlghily form which cornea from uiuuttal , the eye glass of de dag-in. and pats of Napoleon 111. The writer tiers lhat this "mosaic of dm titles 'sates” la the conclllaiory and dec ve figure which frame watt's Just Til* filing II* i ahsent-winded tlerwan professor auea to contribute to the gaiety • nations lattely he had, laic at , In his chamber disrobed himself, i he sat down with hla head tn hie a imanernetter'"' ha said t* was something I was to tin l was It now r He sat sad poa I intensely foe half aa hour grow , older end colder finally he ig up “Al, I ha»# HI” he aa wd “I intended ta go to bed’ * potion *» worn | it i goods Iter* la a present |Wi wife. He Jiahlp Very well, ltd ion a (tat ta the marntag MADAGASCAR ORCHID. 1U Va«<*rt SpoiiHtir Ulilcfti Vimllcftted Itarwhi'* llrlief lu HU Theory We might proceed through all the orchid genera, each affording its sur prise lu Its special modification in adaptation to Its insect sponsor all these various shapes, folds of petals, positions, colors, the also, length and thickness of nectary, the relative posi tions of pollen and stigma, embodying an expression of welcome to the insect with which Its life is so marvelously linked, says Harper's Magazine. Occa sionally this astounding affinity Is faithful to a single species of Insect, which thus becomes the sole sponsor of the blossom, without whose associa tion (be orchid would become extinct. A remarkable Instance of this special adaptation Is seen in the great Anprae ciun urcl#l of Madagascar, described by Darwin, Inasmuch as this species glorifies Darwin's faith In the truth of his theory und marks a notable victory In the long battle for Its supremacy. Among the host of skeptics-—and were they not legion?—who met this evolu tlonsry and revolutionary theory with Incredulity,not to say ridicule or worse, was one who thus challenged Its author shortly after the appearance of his •‘Fertilization of Orchids," addressing Darwin from Madagascar substantially us follows: "Upon your theory of evo lution through natural selection all the various contrasting structural features of the orchids have direct reference to some Insect which shall best cross fer tilize them. If an orchid has a nectary an Inch long, un Insect’s tongue of equivalent length Is Implied; h nectary six Inches In length likewise Implies a tongue six Inches lung. What have you to say In regard to an orchid which flourishes here In Madagascar possess ing a long nectary us slender as a knit ting needle and eleven Inches In length? On your hypothesis there must he a moth with u tongue eleven Inches long, or this nectary would nev er have been elaborated." Darwin's re ply was magnificent In Its proof of the sublime conviction of the truth of his belief: "The existence of an orchid with a slender nectary eleven Inches In length and with nectar secreted at Its tip Is a conclusive demonstration of the existence of a moth with a tongue 11 Inches In length, even though no such moth Is known.” Many of us remember tne ridicule wmni heaped upon him for thl* apparently blind adherence to an untenable theory. But victory complete and demoralising to hi* opponent* awaited thl* oracular utterance when later a dl*clple of Dar win, led by the *ame spirit of faith and conviction, visited Madagascar and was soon able to affirm that he had caught the moth, a huge sphinx moth, and that it* tongue measured eleven Inches In length. GOTHAM’S PRETTIEST WOMAN. MIm Marl* C hiin lilll Him Honored Ob ject of Adoration. There has always been a popular Idea that New York did not value beau ty In Its women us highly as style. Gotham's feminine types arc perfect In their way, clear cut, high bred, well groomed, and above all perfectly clad. But they are not, us a rule, pretty, In the sense that a southern or western man would use the term. It Is In the south that beauty reigns supreme and a girl on the other side of the Mason and Dixon line, be she ever so rich, clever or stylish, Is not a belle unless she has also the divine gift. But late ly Gotham, untrue to tradition, has been Imitating the southern cities and worshiping at the shrine of beauty. Miss Marie Churchill Is the honored object of tills adoration. She is con ceded to be the most beautiful woman In New York. She Is prominent in the more exclusive social circles. Is a womuu of superior accomplishments and a prime favorite among the four hundred. When the picture printed If ’’ Ml MAKIK CHURCHILL, here wan taken Mina Churchill |K»*ed In thu coat unit »he wore at the famous Uradley-Martlu ball. (iHUlM uf HMVHIWL Moat people are well aware that the popular Canatllau same of lacruaae originated, guodnena known how many ernturtea ago. amougat the North American Indian*. When you rum* to look Into It. Il la guile aatonlahlng how many game* were originally Invented and are today practiced by people* we are *rcu*tomed to think of na Mtagra Wallace lella u* how la lt»raeu. one wei day. ke thought to amuee hi* Ityak buys by •bowing them cat'a cradle Hut ) he found that they not only knew It but knew more Intricate Iguree than • he The Maurlea of New Zealand ae ioally have a eon of plctorlnl history I In cat • cradle Zguree uf I waned Blue The kaadelch Ulandere play a kind ol . draugkta, Ike doalk dee peepiea nearly ' all are adept* at kite d* lag polo came* | trow Herat* and I* played magald really by wild kill irtboe from a*uth«ra India Hackpatntnoa and pare nut arc bath eaatrra gamea dat taaurtad weed* betag need aa vWm# In Ika lattar - , Harper t Monad T»Ua | POPE OF THEOSOPHY. i THE NEW HEAD OF THE ANCI ENT ESOTERIC BELIEF. r.<!wf*r<1 Anguat, Chmcii to •''All thn VttCHney t *nnr<l by Ui« Re turn to Kugltuiil of KriH-At T«wplr ll»rgrovfl. DWARI) AUOUBT Nereahelmer will he president of I he Theosophlcil Soci ety of America in place of Br neat Temple Hargrove until A p rll 189K. Mr. Nereahelmer Is a d I a m o n d m er chant with a deep Interest In theos ophy. Ho has been the vice president of the society and was one of the founders of the New York branch. Hla greatest aim at present Is to fur ther the work of the new theoaophlcal college at Port Loma, Cal., known as the School for the Itevlval of the l/»st ur iimj ttiirifin»*. ' p,h,v to which he Iihh now succeeded on ac count of Mr. Hargrove’s resolution to return to the conduct, of his business affairs In Rngland Is the one formerly held by W. Q. Judge. His tenure will only he for the unespiral) term, and whether he retains It permanently or not will depend on the votes of his fel lows In the society and on the will of Mrs. Katherine Tlngley, the head of the csoterlcal branch of the Theosophl cal Society of the World. Mr, Nere shulmer was born In Munich about fif ty years ago. He Is a gray-hatred, blue-eyed man of much experience of the world. He Is a skillful musician, and plays several Instruments, besides being a flue baritone. He has a son who Is a student In the department of medicine of Columbia university, and a daughter who Is attending school In Montreal. Ills home Is Hay City, L. 1. PRINTED BY LIGHTNINO. The Peculiar Kreuk o' h » ,'jne FI sill lit a Mobile randy mors. From the Mobile Dally Register Yesterday afternoon there was a lone flush of lightning and an accompanying dap of thunder, and then the rainstorm which was threatened blew over. Hut the lightning had made a record for Itself which will remain. It went Into ihe photographing business without the aid of any apparatus except an object to be photographed and a piece of sugui candy for a receiving plate. In the candy store of Mr. Thomas Tonsmelre on lower Dauphin street was the candy that the lightning chose to operate upon. The candy was of sugur and glu cose, brown in color, and transparent. It lay on a slab on a table In the midst of the store. The article photographed had no sort of mark upon It. In the search for a cine to the sudden and mysterious appearance, the paper wrapper was discovered on the floor with those letters exposed which ap peared on the eandy. Mr. Fosdlck !-ayR that there is a mirror In front of the table that possibly had something to do with the photographing, slnee the mir ror Is In line with the location of the wrapper; hut this does not explain any thing; rather does it serve to deepen the mystery. BISHOP OF BRISTOL. - j Th. New Apunlulse I. a Mau of Pro found l.rarrilng. Rt. Rev. Dr. Rrowne, the new ap pointee to the position of bishop of Kristol, England. Is a popular choice for the diocese of the town with the historic cathedral. Dr. Hrowne was a professor at Cambridge, then a canon of Ht. Paul's, and later bishop of Btep ney. In all of these responsible posi tions he made an excellent showing and won a high degree of popularity. rrki. ....... I.lnt./.n nf llplalnl l.on Inlfnti care not to ally hlniHelf markedly with either party In the church of Kiigland. Kor that reaaon It l« believed that the advlaera of U>rd Hallabiiry, who gave him the place, were wine In auKKeatlng that Blahop Browne be aent to a dlo ceae where party atrlfe aecme to throw 9 • I r II " REV. DR RROWNE. difficulties tn the path of the chief pre late. The new diocesan Is said to ho in other ways admirably fitted for work In tho west of England. It Is said that tho English church needs an organizer there, and it is as an organizer that Hlshop Hrowne has won his laurels. Ills career In tho east end of London among tho poor people has given evi dence of a high order of ability as a manager. Bristol's new bishop Is full of tuct, of a pleasant manner, possessed of much learning, and is an able con troversialist. Nuitdiin CliiiigM* At thin Hcanon of the year, at the end j E. A. NERE8HEIMBR. j was the wrapper of amull American | Hag*, then lying Imbedded In Mine | melted candy on the floor of the store. In from of the table, but not tn line of view of the candy on the table. On the wrapper was an Inscription In con* •tensed gothic type, rvudlng "Nations! flags." This Inscription, beginning with the fourth letter of ihe llret word and part of the third letter, just ao much of the lettering ae waa vlalb'e ! on the wrapper aa It lay crumpled In the tubist »f the stlehy stuff on Ihe 1 floor, waa taken by the lightning and I transferred to a piece of the csudy on the table, not iraaaferred simply, bm tmliedded In It. beneath the surface the smallest fraction of an Inch ft arse u perfect reproduction, and perfectly black, hut inserted face front pul as in the original and n>d r*ver*e as j would he Ihe order of the letters if any one should attempt tu transfer them hy apply lag Ihe wrapper to the surface of the candy Mr flylreeier t» fuedlck brought the randy to this offb* Inal night to? iMpecttoa Me snya that as soon as the flash of Itghiaiag came and 1 vanished Mr Tuaamatre observed the printing on the candy that was before him an the slab, and #y*taim*d In an t on Ink meal nl the sight the randy be , lag af hi* awn mnnafaeture and having of summer, U la well to remember that all changes should be gradually ami not suddenly made, for, though the con stitution of the human body he such that It can hear many alteration* and Irregularities without much danger, yet. whenever the transitions are e» tremely sudden, there la a great risk of producing some degree of disorder, If from necessity a man be ubllgsd to fast, he ought, If possible, during that time to avoid laborious work After suffering from eat rente hunger peopls should not all at unee gorgs them salves, nor Is It welt after very good living to go through a period of fast ing In this connection it may he oh served that the Jains uf India are ths champion fatter* of the world, fast* of front thirty to forty day* nrs very raanut among this strious sect, and uu#r a rear a "rndsmt roman forward and undsrtshen ths grand fast'* a ps rtod »f screaty-ffve days, during whlrh lime he allows lltils hot warm ester t«> pass his Ups Whsa in# fast Is oars Segue the faster will carry ll la Urn preacrihed limit or die la the at tempt. Theatrical people are peculiar They aork when they play tad play wksa they work I THE SUNDAY SCHOOL, LEJSON V. OCT. 31- ACTS 27i 13:20. C .iMrn T'V "It, of *100.1 f’hcefl for I lie! ire, f.iiil, Tim' It Mlmll It, Kvoii H, It H,< Told Art, 3 7. 30— I'.iul In l fie. Tim,. -A. I). fiO; according to Mr I.rw In', reckoning, Auguat 21. I’lawr. Th, Meditarram an, eaponlally Clauda. n email I,hind aoulh of Crete. Hiller* Nero wu« ,mi>,ror of Horn#; I’orclim fextua whs e*tIII procurator of I'alentlno and AhTlppa II kin* of Haxh un The Jrwlxh high prl,«t waa tmmed Iahmarl. Luke', Nautical Hlyl, -"In Ih, whole ranxe of lick and Homan literature there 1, nothin* that *lv,» eo much Infor mation about ancient ,hlp» and „*nmn i i rnft_,lilV..iaiwu the manner of describing nautical event# by Rcamen and by landsmen Is too ob vious lo require remark, but there I# a third dues of authors who are. properly speaking, neither seamen nor landsmen; but who. from their being often on ship yard, acquire the technical language of seamen without Its limitations. To this class Luke belongs "—J. Hmlth. Htartlng for Rome.-"It was the palmy time of Imperial Rome. No steamer# crossed the sea ut regular Intervals, hut the waters hud been cleared of pirates, and plentiful currents of commerce ffom all directions tended to the Roman capi tal All travelers had to go by merchant vessels even consuls and emperors. 1’aul. Luke* and Aristarchus were packed In with ‘certain other prisoners.' probably an unsympufhlzlng crowd of outlaws. They wer<* all under car© of Julius, the centurion (probably Julius Prise us, who afterwurd arose to high rank In Rome). From this officer Paul received marked deference. A short sail (sixty-#* ven tn!l'*#> brought them to gldon. where Paul ws courteously allowed lo #top ashore with friends. Hefting sail again (for Myra In Asia Minor), they undertook to pass south of Cyprus, hut a strong west wind, pre monition of coming danger, drove them north of that Island. At Myra they found an Alexandrian trading vessel hound di rect /or Italy. Embarking on this, their trouble# fairly began A tornado swept down from the heights of Mount Ida, ami their V 1 •'!, drive ij a,most dlterlly southward, fun ml »li<IKf In l tin Mini port r**cli-<l; Urn Krtlr llavrnx In I’m If Here I *ul earnestly ndvised the centurion to wait for a slock of the storm; hut he. natural ly enough, paid more at tent Ion to Ini pilot and owner of the ship, who hoped, by starling at once, to reach Phentce, u much better harbor than that they were In."—Whcdoii. Lesson Hymn. alv. to (hr wind. thy fi'Hin; Hop., .lid he undismayed; God hears thy sighs arid counts thy learn God shall lift up thy head. Through waves, and clouds, and storms, He gently dear# thy way; Walt thou his time, so shall this night Hoon end In Joyous day. Leave to his sovereign sway To choose and to command Ho shall thou, wondering, own his way. How wise, how strong his hand! Paul Gerhardt. Tr. by J. Wesley. Hints to the Ttschir. f. A Didst Ian In trial. We have seen the apostle In trial before, hut this lesson presents some new phases of experience, as well as some* old ones. 1. There was a trial In his captivity. Verse 1. He had been chained for two years, tail this did not make his chain any lighter. He was now on his way to Rome, with the uncer tainties of another trial before him. and the* certainty of a long and tedious Im prisonment before his trial. 2. There was a trial In his associations. V©r*»e 1 Dally a course Roman soldier was chained to his arm, to he his constant companion. Resides this, ho was surrounded by a company of criminals, the- lowest and vilest In character, and utterly repugnant to his lino nature. Vet he was compelled to he In constant, companionship with them. 3. There was a trial In his clan gers. Verse 20. IL* was on hoard a crowd ed, leaky, storm-tossed vessel, when not a soul on board except himself cherished a hop#* of escape from shlpw're<k. II. A Christian's comforta in trial. What were some of the* compensations of the apogth- In his trials? 1. He had Ihe < om panlonshlp of friends. Verse 2. Three beloved ones were by his side to give him 1 he good cheer of their presence: Timothy, ' mine- own son In the* faith;’’ Luke, ’’the beloved physician;" and Aristarchus, “my I fallow-prisoner." Christian fellowship hi enlighten many a dreary hour. 2. IL* ! had a kind-hearted commander. Versa 1. The- connecting verses and other sen tences In this chapter show that Julius, the centurion, was favorably Impressed with Raul’s character, and showed him much kindness. This was at one time, If not oftemr. the means of saving his life, and at ull times alleviated the distress of Ids lot. 3. He* enjoyed communion with God. Verses 22-20 Hweeter even than the fellowship with his friends wuh Raul’s fellowship with the Lord. He- talked with on© who was above the storm, and re ceived from him the assurance of sufety. 4. He had the ministration of angels Verse 22. "Are they no! all ministering spirit*?” I’aul found them so. und re joiced In their voice* of comfort. 6. He had the promise of safely. Verse 24. One ruy of sunlight penetrated the gloom of that cabin, the promise thut he should stand before Caesur, and that for hi* sake all on bourd should he *afe. These were Paul'* comforts; may we not In our trials find similar consolations? 111. A Christian'* example In trial How dhl I'uul act In these trouble* through which he was called to puaa? I. He show ed chei-rfulnea*. Verse 22. In the crowd ed ship, among wicked surroundings, with storm above und sea below, with the earthly prospect of death In the wave*, he was cheerful, calm and collected. 2. guv* a good confession. Versa IS. lie wu* not ashamed to avow himself a servant of Hod. even In presence of ■corner* and elterales. 3. lie allowed confidence in Hod. Vers* 25. "I believe Hod." He had no rreal confidence In eaptaln, crew or »ee eel, ho* he relied upon the word of one who »*t on lhe throne faith was the P«»*’r that nerved hi* heart and Inspired Ills »elds •CRAPS. Reporter Ar* you willing to tall me yuur atnryf Convict Yea; but I'm not fit liberty t ruth Nearly TO.UtNi tuna uf cork* are bead ed fur tka leitiisd bear and aerated water* consumed annually in Hrtutn, the number of recorded suicide* til ik* ('fitted tfifitaa last year was MR. of atkom t MI war* female*. A rafifry that ha* Just died id ulJ »«♦ in dfififurd Me. had tkla obit usd ' lie sen* cheerfully fur twenty-two ytift" Railway* tfi tluitfifid are aw * artful ly fitafifified that the afield* fit a I death* aw thaw *•*!*«• only use • year fur I ‘•a tfillra aowwiey "la yw tr huardlfifi kuue* up with tka tlptaa?" "Mfi, * ha* w# k*«a water malufi they rat It la atrip* tn*t**d *1 Ut a heel* -Ckhafi* Htcetd CRIME IN LONDON. An Kphlfmlc of Mnr>li<r*4 A««a(i!t» tnd nnicld—. London Cablegram. The present extraordinary epidemic of murders, suicides and outrages upon women In l-cndon and Its vicinity Is unequalled since the days of "Jack the Kipper." Dally for a week past the public has been startled by an atrocious murder and the alarm Is Increased by the fact that the perpetrators of the crimes have all baffled the police and have es caped without apparently leaving a Clue as to their Identity. The murder In a railroad carriage of Miss Camp, In February last, the perpetrator of the crime not having been discovered, has been followed by another railroad trag edy, In which Mrs. Bryan, the wife of a Dr. Bryan of Northampton, has been killed under circumstance* pointing to murder, and the Rev. Aubrey Price, u well-known divine, was killed by bur glar* at hi* residence, on Monday. A little hoy has been kidnapped and mur dered In the suburbs; a rich, miserly woman haa been found cut to pieces at her residence, Bethnal Green, and n farmer's daughter, Kmma Johnson, has been murdered at Windsor under pe culiar circumstances. Her body ws* mutilated atrlpped and thrown Into the Thame* The authors of all these outrages are *!Ui at large and there seems to he no trai „> of them, although the murderer of Kraran Johnson Is be lieved to bo a maniac, who*« actual Identity Is not known, but who for months past has frightened and as saulted persons on the road from Wind Ml MM UAMr, sor to Maidenhead and who has always nmnuged to elude rapture. The Cstacmnlie of I'arh. The extraordinary subterranean quarrlea known by the name of the Cat acombs extend under u very great part of Paris. On account of the alleged in security the catacombs have been closed from the public, and It Is a mat ter of difficulty to obtuln admission. The catacombs eontuln all tbe visible remains of human creatures that had filled burial places within the walls of Paris for one thousand years. It waa the plan of M. I^enoir, lieutenant-gen eral of police, that these bones should he placed In regular rows with appro priate Inscriptions, serving as lessons to the living. The skulls, of which there are over two millions, are placed In conjunction with the bones of the legs and arms In a manner which gives a most striking appearance. In passr Ink through these dark, cold gypsum beds nlong the walls tint! hattlenu nts of skeletons the grim visages can not hut suggest to one wlmt a momen tary space Is the life of man; where Is now the abode of the spirits tha’ once animated these skeletons and wl.at Is to be our destination after death? For thousands of years philosophers have speculated whether or not our eoula survive our bodies, with no certain re sult. It Is religion that holdo - tit the strongest hope that tbe grave Is not our last home, and that our destination is to higher spheres thau tombs unJ catacombs. 1U'<1 Nnuw, During the height, of summ'v then* may be seen lu the Alps anil Polar re gions—where It stretches sometimes for miles -great patches of a pink col or. to which has been given the rt Iractlve name of red snow. It con sists of a tiny plant, best seen, of course, under u microscope. Hut though so remarkably small. It Is extraordin arily hardy. .In fact, you cannot kill It without going to more trouble than It Is worth, as will be allowed when It Is said tbut the extreme neither of cold nor of heat sufficient to boll water will destroy It. Indeed, the plant la only made dormant, and becomes active when the summer sun haa become pow erful enough. Then the pink patches are visible. This singular vegetable cannot, however, live on ice and snow alone. And yet what else can It get to t«nt In such a climate? All day long, II seems, there Is constantly falling a dust so hue as, much of it, not to be keen by the naked eye. Stele a »lock ef aheap. H. H Hwltb, a Coshocton Ohio, farmer, pastured eighty sheep In an unfrequented part at his farm When he went to look after them a few days ago. be found that the eat Ire fleek had been stutea t •alii « at. A e»l fell from the eighteenth Maty of a building la Wall street New Vork, the other day. The superstitious stock brokers rushed Ike market aad holders of sugar stuck lost |i kbootm The atty of Copeubagea kas probably lb* laigeel proportion of filets to