THE STORY OF SWAIM
HE CAME OF A FAMILY OF
GREAT WARRIORS.
Tli# >#mr Huh llrni l.i*|ir«*»rnii'll In
Kirry Win' In th# liillnl "Inti*
HU Court W ;l r 1 i * I 111 Ittl Cil Hill'll u
llig "itnilil In til# Arm*.
AVID G. SWAIM,
I'. S. A., retired
) judge advu ate gen
' eral, died at Wash
ington the other
day of Brights dis
ease.
Gen. .Hwalm was
years old. His
family was a fight
ing one, and was
represented III the
active operations of every war in which
the United Slates has been engaged.
This Is especially true of the war of
1812 in the person of Commodore Law
rence. The dead general's father was
a friend of Joshua It. Olddlnga, Salmon
I’. Chase and other political leaders of
his day. and was one of the few who
organized the free soli party In Ohio.
Ir was in the Buckeye state that Gen
eral Hwalm was born. He whs iflven a
good academic education in his native
mate, studied law, and was admitted
to the bar In 1859. He took an active
part on the republican side In the cam
paign of 1860. and In 1861 he entered
the array as a first lieutenant of the
SIxty-flfth Ohio volunteers. This was
Sherman's brigade. Soon after taking
to the field he was made adjutant of bis
regiment. He was later acting adjutant
general of the brigade of which his
regiment was a part In the Army of the
Ohio. This was afterward the Army of
the Cumberland, and was commanded
successively by Buell, Hoseerans and
Thomas, General Swalm participated
. GENERAL DAVID G. SWAIM.
In the battles and campaigns of these
armies. He was wounded at Shiloh,
fought bravely at Perryvllle and
Chlckamauga, where he was Injured
when his horse was killed, and was
again hurt at Missionary Itldge. After
Shiloh he was rewarded with a promo
tion to a captaincy and was made as
sistant adjutant general of volunteers.
After the battle of Stone River he was
assigned to the staff of the general of
the Army of the Cumberland. He
served all through the war, and when
he was mustered out in lKf.fj It was as
assistant adjutant general, with the
rank of major and brevet colonel of
volunteers. In February, 18(17, General
Sivaim was commissioned In the reg
ular army. Because of his legal capa
city he was assigned Judge advocate
of the fourth district, with heardquar
ters at Vicksburg. In that capacity he
successfully argued against eminent
counsel the celebrated habeas corpus
case of McCardle, which Involved the
constitutionality of the reconstruction
acts of congress. In 18f.it he was ap
pointed major and judge advocate in
the army, and was assigned to the
headquarters of the Missouri. This post
he dik’d for more thuu ten yeurs.
President Hayes in 1879 appointed
General Swalm Judge advocate general
of the army, with the rank of a briga
dier general. General Swalm was a
devoted friend of the late President
Garfield. In 1884 he was charged with
having misappropriated government
funds and was tried by court-martial.
The finding was suspension for ten
years. He retired for that term. In
‘V I»*r» mull <111(1 |>a.V,
hut since that time was never active
In army matlera. On the ociuslon of
his appointment hy President Hayes
the commanding general of Hie depart
ment of the Missouri Issued a general
order, in which he placed the highest
praise upon the head of the new Judge
advocate general, and expressed the
deepest sorrow for the severance of the
close ties that had hound the brilliant
lawyer-soldier to the department.
Hearing a ll.tbr It i|*|»''|»<»tit mu« t,v ttwuil.
Worcester Correspondence of the Hog
ton Herald; \ baby hippopotamus
weighing one hundred and fifty pounds
was taken from the tank of Its par
cuts to-day, and It is now being ten
derly cared for by a keeper, who bus
placed It on a milk dist. latrge ran
«aa bags are walked In milk and theca
are given to the baby, who chew* apou
them with evident enjoyment The
keepers hope to he able to bring the
baby up to maturity, but are In doubt
as to whether they will surceed \t
present the greatest danger ta from the
wounds Inflicted by the pareuu as.
while they are nut In themselves par
tlrularly serious, there la great liability
that the young uae may tab* wild la
them, as the weather Just aow is ss
per tally conducive to colds
t» S.lC ur I Ism.
In a lereal lecture ih* tiermaa
traveler Prof IVehusitswarhke ,|*
glared that the danger from gtigi kg by
wild animals la the African deserts
and nksewhere was greatly exaggerate,!
gad that the best weapon against gi
«g«k was an umbrella, which would
jward off say Una ur tiger
RUSSIAN INEBRIETY.
Kcforni by <;ovrrnnirqt«l Monopoly of
the l.lqnor Tronic.
On January I. 1898. an Interesting ex
periment in tlie control and sale of
1 liquor by the Russian government
I will be Inaugurated in Poland. This
| Is the result of tbe apparent success
j of a system of governmental monopoly
of the liquor trade which was Inan
I gurated by the late Czar Alexander III.
1 In a few provinces in Russia. The Rns
■ filun | easants are addicted to the use
of alcohol ‘made from rye, called vod
ka. This liquor is not only Intoxicat
ing, but poisonous, and It has been
proved that an unscrupulous class of
| dealers In the vile duld had been prac
j tlcally pauperizing the mujlks. or Rus
! sian peasants. To counteiuc tills evil
a special board was formed to consld
er the matter, and a a a result of the
deliberations of this body the Russian
government has undertaken to control
the selling of wines and liquors In cer
tain districts. The system first took
effect on July 1, 189(1, In Bessarabia,
Volhynla, Kkaterlnoslav, Kelff, Fndo
lla, Taurida, Kherson and Chernigov.
On the drst of the present month the
system presumably went into effect in
the governments of Vllna, Vitebsk,
Grodno, Kovno, Minsk and Moghlley.
The success attending the Initial ex
periment has been encouraging, and
the autocratic character of the Rus
sian government and the natural do
cility of the Russian peasant are favor
able antecedent conditions. The test
In Poland will be far mor cdlfflcult as
well as more Important and extensive.
Some of the rules, which must be dis
played III the governmental liquor sa
loons plainly show the paternal and
autocratic character of the govern
ment. Kor example: "Purchasers of
liquors are required to take off their
hats when they come Into the shop,"
“No pictures, portraits or publications
of any kind are permitted to bang on
the Inside walls of a government wine
shop, except an Image of some saint,
the rules for tbe sale of liquors and
the regulations of the excise commis
sioners." "Liquors are sold only for
cash, and are prohibited to be sold el
thelr on credit. In exchange for any
kind of produce, articles, etc., or In
return for loans.” The experiment has
not yet progressed far enough to per
mit of definite conclusions as to Its
practicability; but It Is stated that data
collected by the Russian minister of
finance and by other officials from Ihe
localities in which it is already In op
eration show that the reform works
favorably and Is appreciated.—Phila
delphia Record.
i THE PRINCE OF PHYSICISTS,
Among the members who crossed the
Atlantic to attend the meeting of the
British scientists at Toronto I/>rd Kel
vin claims especial mention as the
prince of physicists. At the Montreal
meeting he was Kir William Thomson.
His present title was conferred In 1892.
He was born at Belfast, Ireland, in
1824, and was educated at tbe univer
sities of Glasgow and Cambridge. In
1846 he was appointed professor of na
tural philosophy In the University of
Glasgow, where he still remains. His
papers on electricity and magnetism
published from time to time have been
many and masterful. He edited the
Cambridge aud Dublin Mathematical
Journal from 1846 to 1853 and has for
many years been the leading editor of
the Philosophical Magazine. He was
president of the British association fo.r
the Advancement of Science in 1871 and
the Royal Society of London In 1891.
Lord Kelvin has been active as an en
gineer and Inventor. It was In great
part due to his skill in solving the
many intricate problems Involved in
marine telegraphy that transoceanic
signaling became such a success that
he was knighted in 1866. The best
known of his many inventions are his
quadrant and portable electrometers,
compensated compasses for iron ships,
various types of mirror galvanometer,
the siphon recorder, u machine for the
analysis of tidal curves and many com
I
until KELVIN.
mercial Instrument* for measuring
electrical currents and iMitemtal differ
ence*.
Mttle Thinit
The smallest elephant Is one from
Sumatra which waa recently *thil«it*|
in Merlin. Threw yearn old. M atanda
only 9d Inch*# from the ground It t* a
little u*er one yard In length, and
welgha UK pound* The normal ele
phanl welgha al the aam*
age al least threw Iona A
pigmy rare of .amwl* rilste In
1‘wrala. which are only IS m
charge* of cowardice
that may he brought against him, that
In to Nay. cowardice of a physical ibur
nc'er, alnce it in impossible to deny
that he ha* Ir-Cked courage in dealing
wilh the political situation.
Only on one point have the two
queena been untied, namely. In the an
imoulty which they have each of them
dlaplayed toward Hint American girl
hailing from llostctn who may he aaiil
for a time to have nhared ihr thmnr
of I’orlugal, although she did not hear
gey govtrelgn Mile, hut merely that
of t'ounleNe Queen Marla tie la Olo
rl*. whuge arc**<*ton to the throne led
to the MignellNt and la-gllimlst civil
ware in 1‘ortugal. riled alien hei chil
dren were atttl tonne, and pr inting the
minority of her Non*, her htubund.
King Ordlnai'd a prince of the honee
of Hage-Cuburt tluiha. ami a cousin,
therefore, of Queen Victoria. egefclsed
monarchical away a« rvgmi Alnmei
Immediately on liei-uuing a widower,
he married -r itnslnu Mtiru named
Kline llrunler. whom he created t nun I
eea ol Kdlan and who now nurrlvee
him Hhe la a remarkably clever
woman, and her royal kuahaad -luring
Ike period of her marriage waa cu
hi Hot I > devoted to her that be may
Ire aald alinoai lu bare ruled I’urlugai
Ihrough ber
rttepmoiber to ike late king, and
dry grandmother to the pr*#ewt rulec,
• He •till rema-i, a n i.tphuwUa tggr.
la Portuguese life, while the vaal
wealth and great landed possessioni
bequeathed to her by Ferdinand rende:
her a factor In politics sufficiently pow
erful to be able to hold her own ngalnst
the two queens. Their quarrels will
her constitute yet another disturbing
element of the Portuguese court, anti
one Is tempted to believe that If thi
loss of his throne will relieve him
from further participation In the merry
war raging at Lisbon between hll
French wife, his Italian mother and
bis American step-grandnm. the out
break of a revolution and the inaugu
ration of a republic at Lisbon will be
welcomed by no one more heartily
than by fat, easy-going, Indolent Kin*
Carlos.
HISTORY.
Some fu-ti for folks Who Are Not Mors
When tho S' I oil War Kittled
Many people think Appomattox
marked the end of the war, as Sumpter
did Its beginning. As a matter of fact,
the war did not end officially until Aug.
20, 1866, when President Johnson is
sued a proclamation announcing that
war was at an end, and that peace, or
der arid tranquility and civil authority
existed In all the stales. While Lee’s
surrender was not the end of the war,
ft was the beginning of the end. John
son surrendered on April 26, "D'ck"
Taylor on May 4, and Kirby Smith
not until May 26. On May 13, m >r
than a month after la*e’s surendor, £
■harp fight took place at Palmetto
ranch. In Texas, which Is called by Jef
ferson Davis and other authorities the
last battle of the war. The commander
of the union troops, mostly colore I,
says In his report: "The last volley of
the war, It la believed, was fired by 'he
B!xty-second United States Colored In
faniry, about sunset on May 13, 1865,
between White's ranch and the Boca
Chlca, Texas," In this fight, which
look place on the American side of the
ftio Grande, the Mexican lmperia'lsts
Kent over a body of cavalry, which
aided the confederates In their Ia*t
and successful attack. On June 13
Tennessee was declared at. peace; Jcne
i'l the blockade was raised; July 22
Urant made his last official report;
April 2, 1866, proclamation that Geor
gia, South Carolina, Virginia, North
Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Loulsi
»na, Arkansas, Mississippi and Florl
1a are tranquil, issued by the Presi
dent. Aug. 20, 1866, war officially de
flared ended. The latter date wan In
!X«7 fixed by Congress as the official
and legal date of the close of the war.
Tli* Kloadlk* Outfit.
It is a great mistake to tuke any
thing except what Is necessary. The
trip is a long and arduous one, and u
man should not udd one pound of bag
gage lo Ills outfit Ihul ran he dis
pensed with I have known men who
have loaded themselves up with rifles,
revolvers and shotguns. This u en
tirely unnecessary. Itevolvers will get
you Ini" trouble, ami there Is no use
of taking them with you. as large
gaiui of any character Is rarely found
on the trip I have prospected through
this region for some years, sad have
only seen one moose You will not
see any large game whatever oti your
trip from Juneau to ItawMin City,
therefore, do not laha any firearms
I stuns Kroiu Klondike Nuggets," by
Jh** ph I join#
uf smell Is lektlm
Iailmlsrs eaa smell s* well aa animal#
that live upon the land A piece of
decayed eat suspended In the water
in the *•*#iuy whets lobsters are abun
dant will murn be completely surruund
ed hf a sr*e»ly, lighting crowd.
Ismi month Ih* Us-amutlve work* at
Uch*ne««ady announced the receipt ol
1 an erdet for twelve narrow-gauge loco
mulUe* from Japan
THE SUNDAY SCHOOL.
A REVIEW OF THE THIRD
QUARTER.
Ooldeu Test Lot Vour Light Ho Rhine
Hr fore Men, That They May Hee
lour Good Work*, and Glorify lour
Father Which la In llaarea Matt.ft. I A.
111 NTH TO THE TEACH EU.
I. All the place* prominently nam'd In
these lesson* sre located around the
Aegean He*. If a map could be drawn
upon the blackboard or on a sheet of
manilla paper, embracing the western p*
nirmuia of Asia Minor and the eastern
half of Greece, the place* might readily
l>e Indicated upon It. and the event* con
nected with each plac# might be named
Eight pupils In turn might point mi*
the places (each naming one), and might
state the facts of the lessons associated
with each place. I. Trnas, the site of old
Troy, In Asia Minor. From this place
Paul and Hlla* started upon their voyage
to Europe, taking with them Timothy and
Luke (lesson I). 2. Philippi, In Macedo
nia (Lessons 1, 111 Here was planted
the first church In Europe, begun with
th# conversion of Lydia; and here Paul
and Hlla* gang in the prison, were freed
by the earthquake, and told to their
Jailer the way of salvation. 3. Thessa
lonlca, In Macedonia, was the place wh*r#
Paul preached In the synagogue and won
many disciples among the Uentlles, fait
wa* driven out of the city by a Jewish
mob (Lesson III;. To the church In this
city were written his two earliest epis
ties. First and tfccond Thcssa Ionian*
(Lesson VI). i. Berea, In Macedonia, wa*
the borne of the noble Bible students who
heard Paul preach, searched the Herlp
tures diligently, and believed In Christ
(Lesson III;. 0. Athens, In Greece, wa*
the most Illustrious city of Hie ancient
world, the home of literature, art, and
philosophy. Here Paul preached on Mars*
Hill (lesson IV). 0. Corinth, In Greece,
wa* the city of commerce, as Athens was
of learning. Her#- Paul preached for
nearly tw## years, working meanwhile a*
a tent-maker (Lesson V;. To this church
two of his letters were addressed, First
am) Second Corinthian* (lessons VII
VIII, X;. 7. Ephesus, In I he province of
Ly#!la. was the greatest Hulk' for Christ I* obe
dient to the Hplm- silent where the Hplr
lt forbids him to speak, and ready to en
ter new fields when (he Hplrlt points out
his way. Lesson II. Paul and the Philip
pian Jailer, The worker for Christ Is pa
tlent In trial- enduring persecution, un
complaining under violence, singing songs
In the night, and always ready to point
a soul In the way of salvation. Lesson
111 Paul at Thessalonlca and Herea He
Is persevering in labor when driven out
of one city, wot king anew In another, and
never remitting his diligence in the work
of the Gospel. Lennon IV. Paul Preach
ing In Athens. In this lesson we observe
that the worker Is tactful in method. He
approach** lh<- wine men of Atlienn In
workn that blend compliment and rebuke,
pralnlng them for their reverence while
| Mhowing them the folly of Idolatry. Les
son V. Paul'* Ministry In Corinth. He Is
broad In sympathy, holding Jew* and
I I (oxt III,,! Il.l/ellll l i tills tlllllPl O li , I ..In.
lug for the salvation of liotli. Lessen VI.
Working anil Waiting for Christ. The
Christian worker Is ever looking for
Christ, ready for his appearing, arid
awaits Ills Lord's corning, not In Idle
ness, hut In constant work la-sson VII.
Abstaining for the Hake of Others, lie
Is self-denying In life- willing to sacrifice
his own desires. Ids own enjoyments, and
even ill* own rights, rather than place
any stumbling-block In his brother's way
Lesson VIII, The Kxcellence of Chrlatlan
Love, lie Is perfect In love—esteeming
charity the highest of all the Christian
graces, and the one that endures forever.
Lesson IX. I’uul Opposed at Ephesus. The
worker for Christ Is fearless of men, for
he knows that the Lord Is with hlrn and
no harm can come lo him white he Is In
the way of duty. Lesson X Gentiles Giv
ing lo Jewish Christians, He Is generous
In giving, for he recognises all men us
his brothers, and Is ready to aid those
who need, especially those who are of
the household of faith. Lesson XI. Chris
tian Living. The wnrker fur Christ Is
righteous In eouducl—Just und upright In
dealing, gentle toward ail, and overcom
ing evil with good, la-sson XII. Caul's
Address to the Kpheslan Ivlders. Ho pos
sesses a spirit of earing fur the Church.
Hu hears It* burdens; lie works tor Its
success; he strives for Its pump.
Water for Kahblta,
PI. II. It The food u( fatbits m al
ways green stuff of aoinu kind, anil as
nine leullis of tbla la water, Ikane aul
mala never need drink. At lenst, no
breeder or fancier of tbeae animals
ever glvea them drink. When kept In
coultneiueut, and green food la uot
easy to procure, tbe grain la always
steeped In water. In a wild slate rah
bits feed at night, when there is dew,
which supplies I hem with seMcktit
water,
KMCHANUI,
day aotbtag It la tbe oaly way t«
•void being mlatiuoted. Alcblann
11 lobe
1 be number of newspapers and per
Indus Is published in Japan Iasi year
was TtS
A Venetian firm le making Umbel#
of spun glaee. nbkfe ere soft and n*
pliable ne ellk
Tbe armor of ibe fourteenth century
waa ao benvy that a fallen knlgbt could
not rise without aeeietauve.
I TRAINING THE YOUNG.
By X. 8. Stowell.
Jii«t now when the attention of the
entire civilized world is turned upon
Knglarid and the Interesting event*
connected w ith the sixtieth anniversary
of the coronation of Queen Victoria, it
might in interesting to our people
well as to all others to study the meth
ml* adopted In the early training of
this woman who has fur so many year*
controlled the affairs of the most pop
tilur court In the world.
The little Victoria's education began
with her existent *. While It was hy n<>
means a certainty that she would conic
to the throne there was more than a
possibility of such an event, and the
wise and comprein uslve course pursue,i
In her bringing up was adopted In e
d'
the world. As a musician it Is said
that she could have commanded a lead
log position on the operatic stage, had
she been mo situated that it would Dave
been necessary or desirable. The In
telligent and painstaking care of bu
instructors made It possible to iis<
every moment of her existence for soDP
wise purpose. Hhe had recreations and
pleasures, and enjoyed her early III*
quite as well as most children, and
probably much more healthfully, as Iter
entire time and conduct were regulated
by those who knew what they wci<
about, and, knowing,dieted up to ilxir
lights.
There Is no reason why any ordinar
ily Intelligent child should not. at tb*
age of twelve years, be as far ad •
vanned as most, children are at fifteen
or even eighteen years. The fault It* e
in the disposition of their time and tlx
almost purposeless way In which the
education I* conducted.
The majority of children go to the
public schools and learn all from sim
ilar book* and In sluillar ways. Tlx
quick-witted, bright children catch
ideas and make what seems like great
advances. The dull ones often strug
gle along, only half comprehending tlx
lessons, and never really grasping halt
a dozen facts about the thing they an
studying They grope through their
entire educational career precisely In
this way. It Is safe to assert that nine
tenths of tlx- children learn their les
sons by rote and recite them without
any clearly defined understanding of
what their subject matter Is cr tbe f.ictr
the lessons are intended lo convey.
It Is not, therefore, to be wondered at
if learning Is merely smattering, and
If some day, there Is a fierce rebellion
in the mind of the grown-up, because
so much time was wasted that might
have been filled with profit and gain,
mental, moral and physical. The ar
gument that children can be overtaxed
by this means Is no argument at all,
as It is well understood mat me cnii
dren of royal families are rarely 111,
and the proportion of deaths in early
life is astonishingly small School
children who feed on unwholesome
food and are exposed to unsanitary in
fluences cannot stand the high pres
sure of cramming processes to which
they are sometimes subjected, hut tills
really means nothing in the general
summing up of the ease.
Interesting study is no more taxing
to the mind, If properly conducted.
Ihau are toys and gaim-s and other play
occupations, and certainly it is far less ^
of a strain on the vital forces than the
exciting sights and scenes ‘.hut so many
little ones are treated to. As a matter
of fact, at least one-half of the waking
hours of the average child are wasted
as far as uliy growth of the mind uud
intelligence Is concerned, and It Is in
order for some oue to suggest the best
way In which this lost time can be
turned to account, and the rising yen
oration benefited by acquiring a store
ot Information upon subject* on which
at present they have but the vaguest
and most shadowy idem
Wins al aiso.uoo a Harris
tlnttl quite recently there were twelrs
casks ot hick, In the (iermun city of
llreiiicli christened the W'etfe A;-t<*
| ties, wlib h hail been Ir the per c>*loa
| uf the taunir palltj for two reKturiee
or more It was the privilege of e»
cry rstepaysr wN-> rptrrtalned a db
llltgutsb* d gue t, i t hud a serious til
ue*„. la his house to upply for a bat
tic Sited float oh* of these twain t* «
• oats, and tt bag leva • otapuied that,
11sklag out of storey* and other *»
11 use* into consideration, tt, « ,,t of
•it.h a bottle was not te«* then ft fa*
MM,
there #f* four m ilt amve a ft g*
^ rsJ ta one in hr ware