Kroni Godey’s Magazine: When a
woman takes up a new line of work
and makes a success of It, the first
wonder at her temerity soon merges
into the wonder that no one ever
tlfbught of It before. This is es
pecially true in the case of photog
raphy, which Is so adapted to the abili
ties of women that it seems strange
lh*it they did not adopt It from the be
ginning. The only serious objection
that to make a success of photography,
as of any other commercial undertak
ing. requires business qualifications
which women do not possess Is being
tally proved groundless by experience.
There are several woman photogra
phers In the United States who have
won more than local renown. Perhaps
one of the earliest to receive full public
recognition in the convincing form of
financial success, was Miss Garrity,
who as early as 188K opened a studio
in Ixyulsvllie, Ky. She had previously
assisted In the operating room of
Henry Rocher, then one of the most
t, prominent photographers In Chicago,
ami for a year she had free access to
the studio and material*. Her friend*,
who were many, came and sat for her
in all sorts of costumes and attitudes,
with all sorts of accessories by way of
scenery. Mile took their pictures, de
veloped the negatives herself, retouch
ed them, printed them, and finally dis
tributed them as proof* of her ud- ,
vanclng skill. It I* safe to say that ,
there was not a more popular young 1
woman In her circle at that time, for
there Is scarcely anything which ap- I
peals to youth more than having Its
picture taken. There was, therefore, a
general wall of dismay when Miss Ton
nesen announced her Intention of set
ting up her first studio In Menominee,
Mich., where lived a widowed sister.
The house which the sisters were to
occupy had. of course, no arrangements
for photographic work, and the first
test of Ml” Tonnexen’s practical fit
ness for the profession she had chosen
came In remodeling It to suit her pur
pose. There was no one In the place
who had any experience In this line.
ONE OK MISS TONNESEN'S BEST.
and, without any formal teaching, ac
quired by experience anti observation
all that was necessary for her work.
Khe soon opened a second studio In
Bowling Green, Ky., and with the as
sistance of her brother managed both
that and the Louisville studio- a re
markable performance when the fact Is
taken mto consideration that in Lou
isville alone she Is known to have given
sittings to as many as one hundred and
fifty people in one day. She oversaw
the developing and finishing of every
picture herself, and even with this im
mense output succeeded in producing
work which bore no evidence of haste.
Encouraged by her success In Louis
ville, she moved to Chicago, and with
her brother opened a studio on the
. outer of Wabash avenue and Jackson
street.
The size of her business may be esti
mated from the fact that she found it
necessary to employ sixteen assistants.
Site was one of the few successful
World's Fair photographers. Among
other things she made an album of the
Catholic educational exhibit, for which
the Columbus Club paid $800. It was
bound in white morocco, the largest
piece obtainable, and wus presented by
the club to the Pope.
Child ran'a picture* received her spe
Y <lal attention, There is in them .1
quality as Individual and artistic as
work d..ne with the pencil or the brush.
Her World's Fair work wa*. how. ter
Mu. hint she did for at the fair -die
met a Mr. Rothery. who wooed her
to taw Altgele* ittul matrimony. -ibe
H--w wrt latle* the deelre to do work that
i» her very own by making III narration*
for the law Angelo* Herald.
Aftet an Interim of two or iltiee
yearn, ('blrtgu now ha* another notable
woman photographer. Hhe I* Mia*
lleairlre Tunneeen, and *he baa
«>«ght toe buatneea and entire oiiigt
of a man a bo ha<l one of ihr targe*!
>i rnletea In the tily. Mhe I* ugly
twenty-two year* old and began a* an
many girla do with dabbling a Utile
It. art ith« irbd her hand at palming
both In nil and water ««Um» at >rayon
wtirba abetr-klng. ami eta* m -deling
It |i h*r li n belief 'fen in be an am
tleti* phoiograplker a man or woman
am bate h.nl ymlmn wton- irai-r*
lag. nthetwlae the *o»k be> «m»e pnmiy i
tu«< h tai- al It b «l awniM p-walble
in- t-on-ed- 4 >• train to 4 •••*! work
b being appiemned In n ibnr*-tgkiy
i*inU» man bn* ike bam** toe ike
poptl I* tin abate Ike m eater am *
i it ik« i>ifi let bad a v>•
tnlabtf
lit Ike mnlai *1 k*» art eiodUna Mine ,
Tobn-mn began ■« «m the pneaibill ,
live of pbw!«a>epkt and Wgge>l Ml
fat k« i, a bo te i retired mere bam uf i
gmat* wean*. in let bei ga liln a
and learn Ike mi done by yodmita
% f h -i , at* a » M* ft ki •• fc * I
and the young woman had to make her
own plans and measurements for sky
light. dark room, operating and finish
ing room. Some of the best of her
work was done in Menominee; the Il
lustrations, "Portrait of a Young
Girl,” and "A Modern Cherub,” are
from her Menominee pictures. These
early efforts already show the quick
eye for light and shade, for line, for
artistic sketchiness which mark her
later work.
There arc several branches of pro
fessional photgoraphy outside of regu
lar portraiture, in all of which Miss
Tonnesen is ambitious to excel. There
is the posing of professional models for
advertising and art purposes. Next to
portraiture, this branch of the work is
most remunerative. The large art pub
lishing companies have agents all over
the country who promptly buy up at
tractive pictures without reference to
any particular subject. “A Hundred
m
tMHltKH HV MINI KWtNKtt.*
Years Ago" Is an example of such a
negative. A picture of this kind may
be reproduced as a photogravure, fram
ed. and sold at the Ion prices which
continually surprise the shopper; or It
may he used In any of the hundred and
one ways In which advertisers make
use of attractive feminine figures. The
making and posing of single figures In
the free and picturesque fashion de
manded by the commercial branch of
photography, oddly enough gives the
operator his best chance to us* his
artistic perceptions.
Another fascinating branch of the
work Ik the reproduction of celebrated
portraits by the old masters, the mod
els being patrons blessed with long
purses and s romantic turn of mind.
If It Is legitimate to copy the greatest
pictures In a gallery, either with brush
or camera, it Is hard to see why It Is
not legitimate to copy the exquisite
pose, the light and shade, and Ihe ef
fective background of* such pictures.
Yet there Is something about It which
sensitive people may not quite enjoy,
however clever the work of the pho
tographer. At the same time Its fas
cination for the worker cannot he de
nied.
There Is a growing desire among peo
ple who have beautiful homes, to have
themselves pictured in the midst of
their wonted surroundlnge. To do such
work properly requires an almost *n
tirely different training and experi
ence from regular portrait photogra
phy. Herein woman's admitted facil
ity in home-making ought to make her
particularly successful. Her quick eye
should be able to catch the gentle at
titudes, the graceful groups of mother
urwl in tii« mrvvnnnf ulll
most, appeal to the heart of the be
holder. These pictures are seldom made
In any number, and an mainly Intend
ed to keep the home vividly In the
minds of absent dear ones.
'There Is much more to Hie practical
side of the life of a successful pho
tographer than Is usually Imagined. In
the minds of most persons, he occu
pies a rank a good deal below an ar
tist, and a little above a hook-agent.
He Is shabby genteel, the man who
serves mammon, and misses the true
artistic inspiration. He is regarded by
painters much as the family doctor re
gards the quack who advertises, or as
the churchman In England regards the
dissenter. The truth Is, that
these estimates do him less than Jus
tice. To succeed, he must have artis
tic perception, combined with a me
chanic’s deftness of touch and the busi
ness man's shrewd management. As
an arttist, he must study the effetrt of
light and shade, of massed or diaphan
ous drapery, of pose, of background and
accessories. If he would make good por
traits he must possess nearly all the
qualifications of the good portrait
painter, including as much of a knowl
edge of color as will enable him to
know how certain shades will take.
He must be able to Interpret charac
ter, to catch each face at its character
istic best. Miss Tonnesen boasts that
all her sitters are beautiful, a declara
tion which is borne out by an inspec
tion of her studio. A young woman
has a beautiful forehead, but a retreat
ing chin. Posed with her face bent
downward over her book, the beauty
shows, tile defect is concealed, and her
friends discover her beautiful feature
for the first time. Another has exquis
Its arms and wrists; she Is pictured
with her elbow* leaning upon a table
of highly polished wrxxl. which reflect*
the lovely curves, and call* attention
to them. The devices by whieh these
points of beauty may be caught and
emphasized, tax tIn- ingenuity of the
operator; but, first, he must have the
artistic eye to see them, or his ingenu
ity will be of no avail.
The necessity of a skilled mechanic's
touch and readiness of resource can
; be appreciated only by those who
: have watched the maturing negative
through all Its stages the treatment
with chemicals in tin dark room: the
1 retouching, under a single ray of day
j light from a narrow aperture; the
| printing, partly in sunlight, partly in
| clear light without sunshine, the time
of exposure to each most carefully reg
ulated; the washing. In baths of pure
running water, until every particle of
acid has lieen carried away; and, Anal
ly, the flnlahlng. by the various pro
cesses now In use Those who snap
a plot lire Into a kodak and send tip the
Alms to be Anlsbed and mounted, have
a most Incorrect Idea of what is re
<1 it I red from the professional operator,
who must know every step of the pro
cess, If lie would not have his best
work spoiled In the gloomy regions be
hind the bright operating room.
If. In addition to all this knowledge
the photographer has not sound busi
ness judgment; If he does not know
what, location will bring hint the most
trade; If ho cannot bid for, and get.
orders from the big advertising Arms;
If he does not know how to advertise
himself, without making his work so
common that the fastidious will not
have his name oh the cards of their
pictures; If he does not know bow to
get hold of a few famous people, and
"do'' them thoroughly to their liking
and his betterment: If he does not
know how to buy his materials In the
cheapest market, considering quality,
and sell the finished product In the
dearest, considering numbers; If, In
short, he Is not a first-rate business
man. as well as Hitlst and artisan, he
will not succeed. It is probably be
cause ho few who have attempted thlH
work have at all appreciated the multi
plicity of IN requirements, that ho few,
comparatively, have succeeded, and
that the general estimation of the
profession is ho low. It Im not a little
to the credit of women that several of
them have been able to achieve a con
spicuous miiccckh in a line of work
where the demand upon versatility anil
steadfast application Is so great.
LIFE OF A WARSHIP.
A < elrhraH-il French of tin
tears Ago Now Mold for Olil Iron.
The hulk of the French warship Ma
rengo tells the story of the tremendou*
costliness of naval armaments. At th*
time the czar was received In '#ter
hour* by the most powerful Heel tip
French government could gather to
gether. this old wreck lay unobservet
In a corner of the harbor. Home
thoughtful person has called attention
to it In order to provide a skeleton at
the lovefeast between France and Rus
sia It reminds the French that though
It is a fine thing to lie able to tight the
rest of Europe,It Is painfully expensive
Only five years ago. In 1891, the Ma
rongo was the flagship of the French
squadron which went to ('roustadi
and received a tremendous welcome
from (he Russians. It was this recep
tion which initiated the Franco-Rus
slan alliance, and It is the czar's laic
visit to France which has published it
to the world as an established fact.
I'p to that time France had been iso
lafed in Europe. On land she was
threatened by the triple alliance, tin
sole purpose of whose existence was
to keep her in check On the sea her
hereditary enemy, England, was always
watching her coasts. Under these con
ditions it is no wonder that she wel
comed with almost hysterical delight
an alliance with the mightiest empire
In Europe. Hut the price she lias to
pay is great. In order not to be Iso
lated. she places her resources at the
disposal of Russia, and as the receiver
of a favor is necessarily a subordinate
In the alliance. A great .army is an
essential part of the national policy of
Russia but a navy Is somewhat super
fluous and (cry expensive luxury.
f* ranee is therefore allowed to provide
this. She must keep up » ruinous
competition in shipbuilding »|ih Hug
land, in order thgt HiiksIh. who Is rgi
tronger than Kiiglund on land, may
not fear her on the se« The Marengo,
which Is an Ironclad of more than 10.
dofi ton* displacement, was a finer »ht|
than any the Itusalans possesaed In
tfcPl She would le a glam m their
fleet to-day Hut in faniparlaMi with
ship* having llaneyiged armor, she Is
ihaoleie and therefore has been sold
for the old non and wood Dial are in
her
Hrlgfcato tuuug'* roadie nip.
Kvetmne who spend* an hour in
Salt lah «'H> eislta the haiidsout*'
ihretalnM *ioue atria tore digiiiflvd by
the till# of ‘Amelia • !'*!*<• t lt<
* oeaati a h..*c iHemot > the tuiildiag
will p* rpetuatr i* still Hung lut-lla
rtiiaw Yisisr the aiiveeulh and tg
1 or»te wdr »f Hrighaar Voting la atilt
v..nd*om* and temarhaMk well pe*
: erred do well hi* ahe wasaiol ig«
j htwnil egtate heft hi > bt b*f UgiMW
| *» lohand that it has la. t*ae**d tunny
I w«g in vnine and ah# ta one of in*
• ail ho st of her Beg In tile i'ai Went
•he ha* e%■*epi ionait* |rAaed tula*
i*4 la fund of travel ha 1 Pm made ag* I
rgi eat*net*# 1‘ imtaas Inarm Vita j
< • • tug Is n desturt Mumrug llhe n 1
■idee n X IK the gilli* I o' in n spa I
!•«*# home a fen urn* a* wage of the |
bistort* l. >iMing She I* a Oiuta of ‘
»ln Ureter t tesstnlld
a*™a^«o,^ t
I 'tnne n* I tel) you I And it pri* :
I h aid nor| turning sol a ■■■damn at I
l»b«* srgry fat * U « ahe tea I
>n*mr an bin In H t*htia4*>pfyia 1
j V->rth taro.go j
SAID TO BE SLATED FOR A
FOREICN MISSION.
He Declined » seal Ht tlie Cabinet Tattle
lit Order to l.eaie the Way Clear
Sketch of HU l.lfe In Hie Army and
a* a Diplomat.
' OI.ONKI, F. P.
GRANT, eldest son
of General and ex
Prealdent Ulysses
H. Grant, eame Into
public notice agnln
recently by refus
ItiK the war port
folio, He waa born
at Ht. Louis, Mo.,
on the IlOth day of
May, IHfiO. The first
two years of bla life were spent at the
army aarrlaons at Detroit, Mich., and
Hackett’a Harbor, N, Y., and when Ills
father went to California, he returned
with hla mother to Ht, laniis, Mo. He
remained In Missouri, attending the
public school, until tie, with the fam
ily, removed to Galena, in April, I860.
There he became a pupil In the public
school, until the fall of 1861. when he
Joined hla father at Cairo, III. From
this on to the end of the war he was
with hla father. General Grant, at varl
otia times, at Ft, Henry, Corinth, on
(he Vicksburg campaign, at Nashville,
and at City Point, In front of Peters
burg.
At Vicksburg he parliclpaled In all
Ihe battles that were fought, and was
In the siege of Vicksburg, where he
lost hla health and hud to return North,
remaining there until he rejoined hla
father at Nashville, Tenn.. In Febru
ary, 1864, Just before General Grant
waa made lieutenant-general and as
sumed command of all the armies. He
accompanied hla father to Washington,
ami waa with General Grant when he
received hla commission an lieuten
ant-general from President Lincoln.
After Ihe civil war, young Grant at
tended school at Burlington, N. .1 . tin
army during the fall e>f 1881. and went
to New York and e,* tere-d into several
business enterprises.
In 1884-n he was with his father and
aided In the preparation of the Per
sonal Memoirs, rendering all the as
sistance he could.
In 1887 he war. nominated by the Re
publican party of New York for the
position of secretary of state, but wa*
defeated by n plurality of about 17.o<*0,
owing to a defection of the Prohibi
tionists. Frederick Cook, a German
tirewer, of Rochester, was elected. The
result, however, of Colonel Grant’*
nomination wa* to bring about har
mony In the Republican party and give
the electoral vote of the state of New
| York In 1888 to benjamin Harrison,
who appointed Colonel Grant I'nlted
Slates minister to Auotrla. As ininla
ler to Austria. Colonel Grant, had great
success officially with that, government,
and he and his family attained exrep
IIoiihI social popularity, which gave
him a position of great. Influence there.
Among hla most important official acts.
It may he mentioned that he prevailed
upon the Austrlan-Hnngarlan govern
ment to admit American pork to their
market, and to rescind their ordinance
against the American vine, and to
permit the establishment of a branch
■ of the largest American Insurance rnm
i pany In their territory. During his
| tenure of this office as envoy to Austria,
Colonel Grant had to deal with the
(locations which arose constantly l>e
> cause of Ihe military laws of Auslrla
1 Hungary, I'tider these laws the Aus
trians were arresting naturalized
Americans who had not performed
; their military duty In Austria hefor*
leaving, which was contrary to the
| treaty of 1871. All of Colonel Grant’s
’ arguments upon these cases resulted
favorably to the Americans, and, at
the same time, were not offensive to
the Austrians. When Cleveland was
elected President, Colonel Grant sent
in hi* resignation a* United State*
minister to Austria Immediately, al
though he wa* Informed that If he de
sired to remain at his post, he might do
so. He returned to America with his
family In July, 18!t3, and located In
I
CO?/. W. D. GRANT.
til be entered the Went Point Academy,
at which place he graduated in 1871. |
During 1iIh furlough, after finishing at
the military academy, he accepted a ,
position art artwiatant engineer with the i
Union Pacific Railroad Company, and
wart employed on a branch of that line
in the Clear Creek ('anon, where he
took part in the various surveys for i
the Colorado Central Railroad.
fn November. 1872. lie went as aide
with General Sherman to ICurope, and
was with the general during all of that
journey, until the party reached St.
Petersburg Leaving General Sherman
there, he went through Kinlund, Nor* '
way. Sweden and Denmark, rejoining |
General Sherman, who came air*mw
from St. Petersburg to Germany, a! \
Perl In During this stay iu Kurope. as I
his father, Oeueral Grant, was then ’
President of the Culled States. Preder- '
irk. the son. was received us it royal |
prince in every court where he visited
abroad Du his return home In July
I8T3, young Grant joined his legimrtit
In Texas where he commanded the m
cori making preliminary surveys foi
the Texas Pa* I A* Railroad and in
Mir* h I a 7 ,t, was Hs.tgccd Its aerxe on
the staff el Lieutenant General Philip
It Sh< Milan as an aide de camp wuh )
• He lank ul lleoleuaul coloael As a'
member of Lieutenant ti«n* ral sheet
dan's s'aff he >oi*totuuliy link part I j
actIve < tmpaign* on the frontier e*p
rtally those in the Northwest ugaio*
the Indian*.
tin ike j*Mh of ihtiyiter lift he tna
tied Mis* Ida t Ion ore a .taught, i *»
Mr II tl II more of Cnbsgo f e
, hlhtyeii of thi marrMge ate two in i• I
tlrwttt taoi* irn the lih of June I*.’*.
hi. i Pnwhift lr psrtt tnat.d ti a
'■w.i » HI, * in 18“
New York an his permanent home. In
May. 1K95, the reform city government
of New York selected him as one of the
four police commissioners of that city,
which position he holds at (be present
time. He is spoken of for an Import
ant foreign mission.
THE LATE MR. PITMAN.
Ii'vrntur of Menography Was a Man of
Kicaptlonal Talents ami Ability.
dir Isaac Pitman, the inventor of the
system of shorthand writing which
bears his name, was bora at Trow
bridge. Wilts, on January 4, 1113, and
received bis education In that town. At
the age of twelve be left school and
•Altered the offhc of a cloth manufac
turer. After sla years' of work as a
clothier's clerk be was sent to be train
ed In th< Normal College of the Prll
ish ami Pcreign School Society, and
after five months' training, at the t'ese
of llklt, «4S appointed master of the
Hriilsh s -bool, I tar ton-on-It urn her. He
established the llritlsb school at Wm
•en.oudei-t.dgc in laid, and removed
to Hath in 1*39 Hts first treatise ns
shorthand iMtitlvd "tits nog i aphis
doondhand appeared In 1*37, and kn
thou became tbs originator of the »p*.t
mg refi i m to which and the prupaga
Man iif hts system of phonetic short
hand hr has devoted hts entire at tea
thui since 1*13 when t*« Phonetic dm
cietv was established Mt* ssod. which
has produ nl the pinornt crop of pa«no>
,;i,uih-t» vi1 deposited In the public
siilil is 1*47 bt the puhlleattoa uf a
(Mils <tuarto p.ua* snltilod,
graph), no .uaiuvbd by Isa a. Pit man
tin it*-1 la ic ■ f lbs ev .ei.l «litas il|V
t aws enilttsd Phimaninphy ” In
kntstien it i* known a* lana pitman's
i too«baud. it order to distinguish It
mam al -isd piaw n*alion* of lb* ill
ism who-h at* poll** bed thwrs
• •* •« x*. ipb|. My* s*,,'- man
<•# eg. -pthsttal ahtlity *#.am* *vpett
*b*thand wHmw of whom t'haiWu
i' - !.»** i la an tlmtn us* *»am.yis
V. M«ai tw vawiwn
1*1-1 uw lb hall M WtMMM U- '«***
mi. >«•» !«. totMltn **11 he syovhsl
*1 -■«* of study *g th* (tmtuan «d in*
