fefiveniion y Opinions of 4 3 lb Mlaiatry. F she 30.4)00 men and women LOJ from ear universities and colleges last snouts nly 1,800 aspire to preach tbe faapal. As there are some 71000 encaged In preaching la U) United States this contribution la lnsuffl elect to keep op the supply. Hare aod Uiere are man a ad woman who bare never bad a col- lag or theological training rbo are discharging the dutlea af tbe pulpit, bat the are few compared to those who bare had these advantages, ao that virtually the number of as-a-aots la a correct measure ef the extant of the mlals tartei saoolUoo. The principal reasons way the B umber of candidate M Ike clergy la growing laaa relstively year by year are that ccngregatlona are getting more exacting, that tbe pay g a Hi ail and tbc occupation tbe lesat attractlTe of the pro Teaakon. Tbia I tbe selaah point of view. Tben, tbe con y4r atious student who may be religiously Inclined aud wbo aeea great opportunities for doing good Ln the calling, some times I deterred becsuse be cannot satisfy bla conscience ef luc trutb of some of the doctrines of Christianity. Soon er thuo preach something which be rauuot believe ln be rums bl talents to another calling. Another hindrance la that tbe religious unrest, so palpa ble lu the world, is inu-h more pronounced In the higher Valla of learning. Here agnosticism, materialism, Indlffer enllsm. are at work sapping the early religious training and turning the mind lu its formative stage against the pulpit Much harm Is wrought here by tbe scoffer and the unbeliever who are never so happy as when reviling Christianity and everything pertaining to Its missions) advancement. The world was never so generous In Its support of Christian churches and charities as It Is to-day and no where else Is this extended with the generosity of that of the United States. Vet the dlKaltloii to preach is not keeping abreast of this sentiment. If it were, the candi dates for the priesthood this year would number 40"0 or 6,000 instead of l.rHMj. l.'tlca (;iobe. Tbe Profit ol Good Road. ""OW that tlie country Is measurably well sup N piled with railroads which haul the fanner's product to market at an average rate of a half cent a ton per mile, it begin to lie ot prime .jjviji importance that the average cost of hauling from the farm to the railway station, which Is alout twenty five rents per ton per mile, abould be reduced. The Department of Agriculture claims that Oils cowl could lie reduced two thirds by the simple substitution of good tnacadamized roads for the ordinary dirt highway now In me. Pennsylvania's new road law, which divides the cost of making permanent mads between the State, county and township, was lusplred by a desire to begin the solution of tbl problem lu a way that would prove least burden some to the farmers themselves. So far, however, Its pro vision bare not leen taken advantage, of as widely aa waa anticipated. It seems worth while to call attention to the fact that practically similar laws are already In opera tion, with excellent results. In New Vork, New Jersey, Massachusetts, California and elsewhere. In the State like New Jersey, where tbe law has been ln operation longest, tlie benefits are marked. It Uh the first step that costs, however, ln road-making aa In everything else. When a few experimental sections of really good highway have been provided as object les sons. It Is to be hoped that Pennsylvania farmers will fall In line with those of other States, where permanent road laws have been longer In force. Philadelphia Bulletin. Our Illiterate Citizens. HKRK is foNl for thought ln V I United States census report dealing with edu I li'utioii. Thus we learn that in MJ tlire wee S I i Tic. Irftfl mn rf tha utrn fif 1 tr i.vnr n- lin were unable to read or write, 'inis great itiinjr of i!!!trse constituted 11 per cent of the voting strength of the nation an electorate In Itself sufllcleiitly strong, if suitably distributed, to de nrmlne national principles and policies. Of tne toiai uTT.OiS) were negroes and 1.2r4,0o0 whites, a percentage which when compared with that of thirty WOODS INDIANS. The Woods Indians, as Stewart Ed ward White call the OJIbwaya and Wood Orees north of lake Superior, are distinctly nornudlc. They soarch out now trapping grounds and now B-wierles, they pay visits, and seem evu to enjoy travel for the sake of "apldration. This life, says the author of 'The Forest," Inevitably develops 3Tl fostera an expert .neaa of woodcraft almost beyond belief. Another phase of this almost perfect correspondence to environment Is tlie readiness with which an Indian will meet an emergency. We are accus tomed to rely first of all on the skilled labor of some one we can hire; second, f we undertake the Job ourselves, on the tool made for us by skilled labor; aud third, on the shops to supply us with the materials we need. Hardly - once ln a lifetime are we Uirown en tlrely on our own resources. Then we bungllugly improvise a makeshift The Woods Indian possesses his knife ami bla light ax. He never Im provise makeshifts. No matter what the exigency or how complicated the demand, his exH-rlence answers with accuracy. L'tenslls and tools ho knows exactly where to Ami. HI Job Is neat and workmanlike, whether It H the construction of 8 bark receptacle, water-tight or not; the making of a pair of snow shoes, the repairing of a badly smashed canoe, the building of a shel ter, or the fashioning of a paddle. About noon one day Tawablnlsay broke bla ax helve square off. Tbia to us would have been a serious affair, l'rotiably If left to ourselves, we should bnve stuck In some sort of a rough handle nude of a straight sapling, which would bnve answered well enough until we could bars bought an atfasr. By the time we bad cooked Great Papers on Important Subjects. a 4 4 I H 1 1 1 ! I I 1 yea re before ahowa up to ttie manifest disadvantage of Ike dominant race. Thus in 1870 the excess of Illiterate negroes over illiterate whites waa 10,000, while now, thirty years later, the latter outnumber the former by 277,000. Nor can we Justly retort that these Illiterate whites are ailsna damped upon our shores through Ike agency of Im migration. Of tbe total number of white Illiterates only MB. OU0 are foreign born, while ttie native born number 08,000. or an excess of lli.000. Nor la this the worst of it Tbs report shows that the percentage of Illiterates among the native born sons of American parents la nearly three times as great aa among ths native born sons of foreign parents. Evidently our foreign born cltisens have a higher appreciation of tbe advaatages of education than many of the native stock. At no traae ln our history has the percentage of Illit erates been aa great as to-day. During the past sixty years tbe percentage of this claaa of citizens baa Increased from 6.15 to 6.00, despite our free school system and tbe earnest efforts to popularlte education. Tbe State having tbe largest number of Illiterates is Georgia, as might be expected, with Its great negro population aud Ita large number of atruggllag whites. Pennsylvania la next, having 139,982 Illiterates, aa compared with 158,247 for Georgia. The percentage of Illiterates among fie native born voters of New Mexico Is 25. Uties Globe. who graduated Ml lone by of men. There is a certain Inspiration of manly leader ship which a boy greatly needs, and which he can only get from a manly man. The Influence of a thoroughly robust school teacher upon his class of boys cannot be calculated. Me puts before them constantly a model of manliness, and high honor, and attractive industry, and cltn courage, which leaves Its stamp upon their forming minds through all the rest of their lives. The generation of boys which must always go to scnool to women, and to uo one else, will loss something very valuable out of their school-day training. They may get as much arithmetic aud grammar and history and the rest of It from the women as from tbe men, but they cnu no more get tlie quality of manliness from women than they can get the quality of refinement from men. Our schooU should be "manned" with men as well as women, and If we have permitted the financial attractions of the profession to fall so far behind the Increasing attractions of competitive callings as to allow all the young men to be drawn away from this profeslon, we have been guilty of a serious betrayal of trust to the generation which is now growing up. Our fathers did not so misuse us. Montreal Star. T 5M spondents telegraphing without wires will be Hhot ns spies, and vessels equipped with wireless telegraphic apparatus venturing nenr the scene of war will, If caught, be con fiscated as contraband of war. So far as correspondents accompanying the Russian army arc concerned, we may unhesitatingly concede the Russian the right of censorship. That Is a matter of course. A belligerent power has the undoubted right to decide whether It will permit corre spondents to accompany Its army at all and if It does let them do so It enn, of course, prescribe what matter they may send through the lines, and how. Similarly, It may exercise a vciiaush!p ever ? vessels entering its terri torial waters, or the waters Implicated in the sphere of belligerent action. Hut a general outlawing of wireless telegraphy In that part of the world would be a much more extreme nuttier New York Trlbii" the figures of the dinner that Indian had fashioned an other helve. We compared It with a manufactured helve. It was as well shaped, as smooth, aa nicely balanced, lu fact, as we laid the now aud the old side by side, we could not have selected, from any evidence of tlie workmanship, which had been made by machine and which by band. Tawablnlsay then burned out the wood from the ax, retempered the steel, set the tiew helve, and wedged It neatly with Iron wood wedges. The whole affair, Including the cutting of the timber, consumed perhaps half an hour. To travel with a Woods Indian Is a constant wourVe of delight on this ac count. The Indian rarely needs to hunt for the materials he requires. He knows exactly where they grow, and he turn as directly to them aa a clerk would turn to his shelves. No prob lem of the living of physical life Is too obscure to have escaped his varied ex perience. Vou may travel with IndlanK for years, and leiirn every summer something new and delightful about how to take care of yourself. COSSACKS ARE A BUGABOO. Farts the Juiimee Learned He fore Opening; Hovtilltitk. The care taken by the Japanese to make sure that they were right before, going uhi'fid Is shown by the fact that, previous to the war with Russlti, they ttxik thu greatest pallia tb ascertain the actual value us a lighting force of IhB much vaunted Cossack cavalry, says the army and uvy register.. The conclusion was, to use the language of the Japanese ofllclal from whom we obtain this Information, that Uiey were "a mere bugaboo." It waa found that the custom of the Russian gov ernment waa to furnish each Cossack In Manchuria with a fixed sum for the purchase of a borseOne-balf of thia sum be put Into Ms pocket and pur chased ths best bone be could with 1 1 3 4 1 1 18 0 fl ft The Disappearance of the Male Teacher. O one will deny that many of the best school teachers In tbe country are women. There are parts of the delicate and highly Important task of training tbe young which can best be tactful and gentle women. Hut it is also the serious opinion of experts that grow ing boys should very largely be under the care Wlrele Telegraphy in War. HE question of the value of wireless telegra phy ln war has already been considered. Now It Is supplemented by that of Ita legality. The Russian Government baa practically served no tice that It regards It as Illegal. At any rate, the use of such a device at the seat of war will be treated as a breach of neutrality. Corre the remainder. The money given for the purchase of fodder was treated lu the same way and the horse left to pick up a living as best he could. The result wus shown in a serious deterioration In the efficiency of the Cossacks. Similar dishonesty was prevalent in the other departments of Russian army administration, an illus tration of which is found In the story of the Russian ofllcers found guilty of selling powder to the Chinese and putting sand In Its place. The Japanese even ussert that the number of troops under the command of Kouropatkin was misrepresented, so that money might be made by draw ing supplies for fictitious warriors. To make full allowance for contingencies the Japanese estimated the number of Russians they would encounter on the Yalu as 40,xt In all and sent ttO.000 troops against them. It was found In the end that tlie Russians had only ''0,JOO men to oppose the crossing ol the river. Brooklyn Eagle, Some Aniu-tement Schemes. Tbe railway companies of the coun try are engaged In nil kinds of amuse ment schemes, with the Idea of attract ing patronage, and the latest innova tion of this character has taken place In Cleveland, where the tniuuiger of a street railway company has organized a baseball league. ICach of the towns along the lino has n nine, mid a reg ular Bchedulo has been arranged. The railway company hns supplied the uni forms and offered other substantial as sistance besides undertaking (o enrry the players free to and from the games The company, however, does not par tlclpate In the, profits of the team, bul Is repaid merely by the Increased busi ness resulting from the games. If you go around exploiting a fool belief, people will notlco It, and talk about It. People who have fool beliefs are not accorded as much charity as fonnerljr. "Oherries Is ripe," said tbe groeery oan, producing bla order book and Inking into tbe kitchen rocker with sigh of content "Fresh picked from he tree, sound in wind and Hmb an' res from vtca. Want some?" "Who told you you could sit down a thst chair?" demanded tbe pretty ook. "Nobody," replied the groceryman, but It looked easy. 1 was tol'ble sure coold do It if I tried. Ttie hard vork'll be to git up sgaln. How's ths rirl this flos oh Illy summer mornlnT' "What glrir "You, loveliness." "See here," said the pretty cook, you're too fresh to keep. What are be cherries worth ?" "Thirty-five a box." "Keep 'em?' "They're worth that, but we've got era marked down to two boiea for a luarter. Full quart boxes; six of 'em vould come near flllln' a gallon meas ire. Tradln' stamp with every box. lay, Eveline, didn't I see you a Sunday ifternoon ln the park In a blue hat?" "I went out ln the country a Sun lay afternoon." , "Well, I seen some girl ln a blue tat. I was drlvln' ln my ortermabcl ile an' I couldn't stop, but If It had je'u'you an' I hadn't l'n In a hurry 'd 'a' give you an Invite to take a lde. How many i berries do you ant?" "Vou can bring me a couple o' boxes f they're any good If they ain't ou'll have tbe pleasure o' takin' 'em jack. Would you like a pillcr for your lead '!" "lMn't trouble," replied the grocery nnn. "It's kind o' you to offer, but I can't stay long anyway. I jest bought I'd run In an' see if th,re iviisn't not bin' 1 could do for you. loney ?" Tbe pretty cook gnve him a look of corn and Indignutlon. f !' t a fall trom the staging, f I "I had an experience once that near ly whitened my hair," said the artist. "Spill white paint on It?" aBked the man lu tlie big leather chair. "No; It wus something worse than that. I was just starting out to earn my liv ing with a brusll, and was willing to paint almost anything, from a portrait to the aky piece ln theater scenery." Aud then he went on to teU tbe atory: "One of tbe public buildings In the capital bad a big dome, and on the celling of the dome was a great deal of elaborate painting that had become dingy, and needed retouching. I was pleased enough when I got the Job of doing It. "They erected a staging for me to work on a frail looking affair, which almost turned me sick when I arrived with my outfit and stood ln the ro tunda, looking up at the dome, a hun dred and fifty feet above me. "'I aliall be so dizzy I can't hold a brush,' said I to tlie carpenter. " 'Oh, that will lie ail right!' said he. 'We're going to up read a big canvas under the staging, for the rotunda Is in use all the time, and you'd be spot ting everybody below with paint un less we "bad something to protect them.' "I felt relieved when I heard that, ind still more relieved when I bud climbed up Into the dome and round that the entire rotunda below was hidden by a taut cloth which the work men had stretched across. "I had been tit work nearly two days when I began to get careless in step ping round the staging. 1 suppose the canvas below me gave me a feeling of comparative safety. About noon one day I took a step backward to look up at some drapery which I had Just re painted. My foot touched only the air, and I fell Into the canvas. "There was a ripping and tearing of cloth as I settled down Into the hollow. I lay there flat on my back, and looked round with an Interest In the quality aud strength of tlie can vas and the way In which It was fas tened that you may be sure was sin cere. "There was no doubt about the fas strength of the fastenings; they were of rope, tied round big knots In the cloth, aud strong enough to hold a horse. Hut the cauvns Itself was frightfully thin, and was mildewed In spots. I turned over on my face and found myself staring through a rip down to the marble flooring of the rotunda, a hundred feet below. "I was comfortable enough physical ly, but mentally! Every time I moved something would stretch and tear. "Of course I yelled for help, and af ter a time I heard answering shouts below. The canvas was sagging down In the middle and straining and squeak ing along the edges. I llgurod out that It would take tlie workmen at least two minutes to climb Into the dome. Ity the time they got to me I thought I should be sprcml out below. "I tried to move up the Incline of t'loth, scrambling along on my stom ach, and pushing with my feet; but the Dttcinpt widened the rip lu the can vas. Suddenly, as I pushed harder With my feet, one foot and nearly the whole leg shot through the canvas. "I could hear the scream of women below. My finger-nails scratched and "I say we've got in a lot of whit clover honey. I know yoo don't nead aweefnin', but it migtit do for the fam'ly. Eighteen a box. No? Well, you say somethln', then. Laundry p Mother's Marvel washes tlie most dellket fabrics 'thout crockln. abrlnkln' or runuin' down at the heel. Eggs? Fancy pedigreed eggs real shell do celluloid imitations. Any matches?" "You may bring me two doaen eggs snd s csn o' be kin' powder, half a d often lemons an' two pounda o' cof fee." "Goln' to make coffee cake?" "Never you mind what I'm goln' to make. Oh, and I want butter. Two pounds & better an' a couple o' bunches o' sparrergraas. I guess tbat's all. Was you in tbe park, honest, a Sunday afternoon?" "Sure thing. An' there was a girl ln a blue bat there, too. I wouldn't string you, Evelina." "Don't you think you're smart!" "I wouldn't be to blame if I did. Most everybody else does. So you think tliat will be about all, do you? Say, the nex' time you make a date with me an' don't keep it It'll be bo cause I've lost my memory, I tell you those." "Well, I was there," said tbe pretty cook. "Vou wasn't, though." "( 'ome off." "I was, honest." "Wei, I missed you, then. I stayed around for " There wus ttie sound of a footstep beyond the inner kitchen door and the groceryman Jumped hastily out of the chair and began to write in bis order book. ' Cberrles, eg;s, bjkin' powder, lemons, coffee, butter an sparrer gras," lie repeated In businesslike tones as the lady of 'he house enteral. "That all? Thank you." Chicago Dally News. clawed the rough surface, but of course made little Impression. They simply kept me from slipping quite so fast. Then I heard the steps of men on the scaffolding. They let down a rope that curled near my fingers, but It was several seconds before I dare.d to let go my hold on the canvas for a sufficient time to grasp It. "Finally I got both hands upon It, and they dragged me up the incline to the staging." HAD THE NURSERY ALL RIGHT, But 'Twaa for the Propaaatlon of Flower, Not Babies. The anxious mother rings up what she thinks U the day nursery to ask for some advice aa to her child. She asks the central for the nursery, and is given Mr. Gottfried Gluber, tbe florist and tree dealer. The following conversation ensues: "1 called up the nursery. Is this the nursery?" "Yes, ma'am." "I am so worried about my little Rose." "Vat seems to be der madder?" "Ob, not so very much, perhaps, but Just a general llstlessnes and lack of life." "AIn'd growing righd, eh?" "No, sir." "Veil, I dell you vat you do. You dake der sklssors and cut off apud t-K-o inches vrom der limbs, und " "What-a-at?" "I say, dake dor sklssors and cut off apoud two Inches vrom uer Kiiibs, un den turn der garten hose on for apoud four hours ln der mornlug " "W'hat-a-at?" "Turn der garten hose on for apoud four hours ln der morning, und den pile a lot of pluck dirt all around, and siiprlnkle mlt lucegt powder all ofer der top " "Slr-r-r?" "Shprinkle mlt Insegt powder all ofer der top. You know usually Id is nodding but pugs dot " "How dare you? What do you mean by such language?" "Noddlngs but pugs dot chenerally causes der troubles; und den you vant to vaah der rose mit a liquid brepara tions I haf for sale " "Who In the world are you, any way?" "Gottfried Gluber, the florist" "O-o-oh!" (weakly). "Good-by." Buffalo Express. A Plausible I'Jxcuse, Russell Sage was talking the other day about a dishonest but plausible broker. "I have caught this man," he said, "In n dozen shady transactions, though he has been reudy to excuse himself." Mr. Sage smiled. Theu he resumed; "He reminds me of a chap who broke a plate glass window one day. As soon as he had broken the window he hurried off as fast as he could go. But the shopkeeper had seen him. The shopkeeper came after him and grabbed him by the collar. " Ahn, you broke my window, didn't you, eh?" be said. " 'Yes, and didn't you see nie run ning home for the money to pay for It?" said the other." A Good Ho he me. "How on earth did you ever get a messenger boy to deliver your note aud bring bnck the answer so quick?" "I took his dime novel away from him and held It as security." Phila delphia Press. The ditiiiet compounds from coal tar have Increased from 454 in ISM to 686, not leas than three hundred of the present products being dyes. Tbe sound-deadening arrangements tried on tbe Berlin elevated railway include felt under and at tbe sides of tbe rails, wood-filled car wheels, steel snd wood ties resting on sand and cork-lined floor planks. Low rails on deep wooden stringers proved tbe most effective. A new earners of great important1, photographing for the first time the Interior or bsck of the eye, is the pro duction of Dr. Wsltber Tborner, of berlln. A telescope-like focusing glass gives accurate focus under tae mild illumination of a kerosene lamp, and a flashlight ignited by an electric spark impresses the Image upon tbe plate. Tbe pictures show the varia tion of the eye ln health and disease, making It possible now to follow the progress of disease step by step. With the special purpose of secur ing more accurate records at automo bile races tban can be obtained with a stop-watch, the Mors Company In Paris has constructed an electric ap paratus, which Is said to give excel lent results. Two small boxes, elec trically connected by wire, are placed one at the starting and the other ut the finishing point. At the start tbe wheels of the racers touching a wire stretched across the track cause a nee--die to form a dot on a band of paper driven at uniform speed by a chrono meter. At the finish the wheels, in a similar manner, cause another dot to be made on the same paper. By measuring the distance between the dots the time elapsed is ascertained. About a dozen years ago, M. Richter showed that the mysterious fires In benzine-cleaning establishments are due to electricity, which produces sparks as pieces of wool are drawn from tlie combustible fluid on cool or dry days, and he found that the sparks could be prevented by adding magne sium oleate even as little as 0.02 per ceut to the benzine. The reason of this remarkable effect of the oleate has not been understood. It has now been investigated by G. Just at Karlsruhe, and he finds that the conductivity of the benzine is very slightly Increased, tills change being sufficient to prevent the accumulation of dangerous electric charges. In pure benzine an electrode kept its charge for minutes, while ln the diluted oleate solution it refused to take any charge. An interesting instance of the man ner in which insects sometimes assist the growth of plants without any in tention to do so, and while attending strictly to their own business, Is fur nished by tbe history of a climbing plant which grows ln the Philippines; and which has recently been described by Professor J. W. Harsbberger of tbe University of Pennsylvania. At an early stage in its career the plant, which, like other plants, begins to grow at the ground, severs its connec tion with the soil, and thenceforward lives with Its roots attached to dead bamboo canes. It develops, ln addi tion to other leaves, certain pitcher shaped leaves, Into the cups of which It sends a second set of roots. A spe cies of small black ant frequents the pitchers, and incidentally carries Into them minute fragments of decaying wood and leaf mold, from which the roots Just mentioned derive a constant supply of food for the support of ths pittOu SPORTS IN GERMANY. Wrestling and "Heavy Athletics" Art Most in Fvor There. Wrestling la one of the most popu lar forms of athletic exercises in Ger mny, and it seem as if the heavy and muscular build of the Germans peculiarly adapts them for this kind of sport. The general public Inter prets the word "athlete" as meaning a wrestler, weight lifter or "strong man." When the English style of ath letics was introduced into Germany it was termed "light athletics;" wrestling Is termed as "heavy athletics." In every town there are many clubs in dulging In "heavy athletics," and nu merous public contests are arranged. In connection with which challenges to "all comers" are issued. Here one can often witness a pitched battle betwean science and brute power see an "all comer" of stupendous build, probably a butdiar, brewer or furniture remov er, laid flat on both shoulder blades in the most approved style by a little wiry fellow as slippery as an eel. On tlie occasion of the world's champion ships held ln Berlin, an open arena, roofed only In the center, where tha wrestling took place, was erected, with tiers of seats for the public ail round As luck would have it, the weather proved lxiisterous and the public shy of the fair; the championships ended dismally, and the Impresario, unable to pay the men's retainers, very dis creetly decided to "leave town." C. B. Fry's Magazine. Wasn't Sore Which. A Scottish minister, taking his walk early In the morning, found one of bil parishioners recumbent In a ditch. "Where have you been the night, An drew?" nsked the minister. "Wee!, I dlnnn rlchtly ken," answered the pros trate one, "whether ft was a wedding or a funeral, but whichever It was. It was a most extraordinary success." If you are attracted by gaudy colors, you are as bad as an Indian, or a, bull.