OPINIONS OF GREAT PAPERS ON IMPORTANT SUBJECTS 6emn) oad Treason. BBMA.VY has solved the tramp problem. It If lis announced thst she is reasonably free from AVT I vagrants, and that such as 2vltte byway are a relatively I "STI seldom commit robberies and amaulta of roag l sjuituae. And the way she baa aettled the dim cuii is uuui: sue irmu .has at work. She makes the work so the work of decent men that, after a trial feafonn and quit the road. In our own country we hare ka army of the useless and vicious, from which is annu ally recruited a considerable addition to the rank of the Active criminals. There is not ao much in vagrancy Itself which con I wee to crime. Indeed some nier. would be in better a ifl ajid morals if they occasionally allowed their legs to run away with them and carry them into the country, rhere they would renew the physical fife that grows anemic at the bench and the desk. It is not the free and pen air life that demeans; it is the effort to live without work; to get all and give nothing; to shift and sneak and teal In order to obtain food, instead of toiling honestly, ven for an hour or two a day. Many of the tramps that are now idling along our highway and "booking" rides M freight train could pay for their meals by sawing a little wood, or weeding a garden patch, but they are ex tremely unwilling to do it, although not Infrequently they work a hard at robbery as other people do at honorable employment Tramps carry moral corruption as they do physical tontagtan. Although mentally sodden and reprpentative it a class that gradually eliminate Itself, since it la an any prey to the diseases that are invited by meager, un governed life, with spells of dissipation and periods of ex posure and hardship, they exert some Influence over young people whose minds and habits are still unformed, and when a boy Is found in their company prison authorities kKsnre us that It would be better for blm If he were dead. I'he boys who drift Into the reformatories and gaols of the bind, after a season on the road, are among the most de- t raved that the authorities have to deal with. Our tramp rmy, then, is a missionary company that is going about she land preaching and practicing the most detestable of vices and often Involved in crime. Brooklyn Eagle. Time to Close the Gates. OX DON newspapers are gloating over the fact that the slums of that city are being depleted by reason of the $9.00 steerage rate, which enables the riffraff of Europe to come to the United States. As a result this country Is threatened with a deluge of the offscourings of the world. We are menaced with an over- low of the scum and dregs of pauperized humanity. The Managers of the transatlantic steamship line engaged in mis despicable traffic apparently have no other thought In pe matter than of the Income it brings. Having landed a Bib? load of the refuse of Europe's population on our shores fcieee steamship agents practically say: "Now, you beg tars, shift-foe yourselves r" The actuation demand Immediate and energetic action to the part of the immigration authorities at our Eastern Wtii There ought to be a thorough sifting and win now -kg of this horde of newcomers, a majority of whom are ehronie beggars and professional criminals. - The steerage rat war, which has brought the emigrant fare from Liverpool to New York down to $10, la the kind f a rate war which no thoughtful American citizen can Cant with satisfaction. On the contrary It suggests a uge of pauper Immigrants of the most undesirable type. It is easy to see how, under a possible continuation of Vese rates, several of the old world government can well sfferd to pay the passage of countless hordes of their pov-rty-stricken, ignorant and turbulent suhjects to America, etsklhg this country a dump for the refuse of continental frurope. Here la a subject which should arouse Congress speedy action. When a person can travel from the Rou manian, provinces t New York for $15, It is time to set bout putting up the bars la earnest This country welcomes thrift Intelligence and loyalty to iw and order from whatever land they halt But our Bpshllcss, institutions are Already taxed to the danger ACCURATE RAILROAD WATCHES. Cosapaniea Beqaire Ksaptojrea to Ad Mt Their Timepiece tn Standard. Absolute accuracy In timepieces is nowhere else so vital a mutter as In the operation of railroad trains. If watches vary no schedule or time table Is of any value. Where so many thou sands of watches are in use It has been found necessary to adopt some system .Thereby perfect uniformity may be Insured. All watches are examined at Close interval and kept in order by a etaff of experts especially engaged for the purpose There is no reason why a railroad man's watch should keep Inaccurate time. It costs blm nothing s have it regulated and It Is part of his duty to see that it is In order. The time by which the watches of sn ntlre railroad force are set is tele graphed from Washington. At a cer tain time the operator at the railroad headquarter receives the time, records It at bis own station and at the same Instant sends the Information to every "train-order" station along the line. It la the duty of the operator st the train order station to set the clock right by Washington Urn and from this clock vary employe attached to that station most set his watch. At every station there Is a clock thst record standard time. At the larger tattoos there la a clock that records tfce" correct time to a second. If it varies from the standard time a notice la aflUed to the clock stating the ex act yarlaUoo. Upon returning from a 3t or before beginning the return trip after a run, the trainmen mast colv rara 'tMf watches with this carefully sxtaeck. If It la found that the ftt2t mm lost at gaJaei during the 3 C tSaaalw moat he handed In O tsmmkg Sopartaiant 1'tto isOanl mm raeeWaa r trira'Cf m9n while watt aa4 ts ')D mnm. Tract .MldDIlAILS are linking about harmless lot, who an i ramps ana puis much harder than of it, the tramp "Pasting forsaken. The doorstep flecked with tall wH, the win dows broken. Then it becomes a granary or a corn crib for some thrifty farmer, or is torn down and carried away. This process may take years, even decades, but it is in evitable." Mr. Boyle does not think that the decline of the rural church is accompanied by an Increase of vice and crime in the rural districts. The country school bouse Is better and more Influential than ever. The rural free delivery mail box la fast appearing at every front gute. Intelli gence is more widely disseminated than formerly. There Is less Ignorance. The people are no longer iiiten-ated by the kind of preaching that used to appeal to tbem. The higher order of rural Intelligence demands a better church than the old country church ever was or could be. In the future Mr. Boyle thinks the church people of the country will belong to strong and ably conducted churches In the towns and villages. Thus the building of good rood, the Introduction of rural free delivery, the building of suburban trolley lines and the popularization of the auto mobile will have a good effect religiously as well as mate rially, for they will strongly tend to give the rural com munities a better religious connection thnn they ever had In the old days of ma!l country churches. Minneapolis Journal. m saber or bayonet wounds. In the Crimean War the English and French had 26 per cent of such wounds; In the Rchles. wlg-Holsteln War about 8 per cent, while in the Franco Prussian War the record show that the Germans received less than one-third of 1 per cent "A striking commentary this upon the advance of mod ern military science, showing that with the general adop tion of long range firearms the saber and bayonet are rapidly falling Into disuse, and the time Is coming, if It has not already arrived, when those old and honored weapons will become obsolete." But It is not the bullet or the artillery Are which strikes down the largest number of men. It Is disease. In the Civil War one man out of every 8.7 was wounded in action; one of every M died of bis wounds; one of every 42.7 wa killed In action. Of the total mortality among colored soldiers 'JO per cent was from disease. Of the total mor tality among the white volunteers, 70 per cent wa owing to disease; among the white regulars, 60 per cent Chl csgo Tribune. and it Is again a good rail toad time piece. Besides the watches of the train crews, there are still the timepiece of all the station employes, the signal tower men, the thousands of banda working along the tracks and in the shops, to be looked after. For thee a special force of eiperta Is employed to travel up and down the line, stopping at all stations. To the expert come the railroad men, watches in hand. From constantly visiting the various points the watch repairer knows the timepiece as well as be knows the men, and a short examina tion determines whether or not the watch is ticking to proper railroad time. Part of the duty of the repairer is to see that the station clocks and the clocks in tbe signal towers along the line are ticking according to railroad time. If they are not doing their duty he halts In hi progress long enough to maks them register time according to tbe Washington standard. Tbe railroad company will not per mit the employe to carry sny watch bis fancy suggests. He must purchase a watch thst meets with the fsvor of tbe management If a certain watch comes again and again to the repair department and proves to be slways behind or ahsad of the time It Is con demned Anally and the railroad man moat provide himself with one to the liking of the company, or cany a watch that the company will provide at his expense. DANCES A DAY AND A HAL. loJscted with Beligtoas Vrsstsr ks Eiarlash Town. A Somali woman haa astonished Bradford hoUdsy-maksrs by dancing without a step for thirty -six hoars. It was no part of her business thus to exert herself; she etmpiy entsroel wtth oxeesolvs aad n sex ported beartl- the sgStt of the groat Whrt- A asather of weasel of the U feOo nr aanojcg a great at Crrl art tt point in the effort to assimilate the leglona of illiterate Immigrants that are coming to our shores from southern and far eastern Europe. There Is a general feeling that die time haa come to Impose greater restrictions upon the importation of this class of persons. Tboae who saaert that thi would be violation of the tradition that thi country la the asylum for the oppressed of all races should remember thst with nations aa with individuals, self preservation is the Brt law of nature Chicago Journal. of the Country Church." HE Passing of the County Church" Is the tiUa TT )f an interesting article In the Outlook by James I IE. Boyle. From this article we learn. If we d : I nnt airouriv knn If tliul lk itunntrv nrtMit which we have been accustomed to look as tie stronghold of organized religion, hat lost it character as such In recent years. According to Mr. Boyle, the decay of the rural church Is due chiefly to the tendency to schisms and divisions. The congrega tions divide and subdivide over some new religious fad or some difference In dogma, and with each division ths amount of true religion decreases. "The rural church." says Mr. Boyle, "seems doomed. Each time It changes name now Baptist, now New Light now Halnt it loses in membership and vitality. Its fire may be relumed temporarily, but its ultimate extinction la inevitable. Soon the little church stands by the 'wayside What Kills Men ia War. N the last issue of the Army and Navy Journal some data are given aa to the number of wounds actually inflicted by the bayonet and saber as compared with firearms and artillery. Of all wounds trwited by medical officers of the Union armies In the Civil War about four tentbs of 1 per cent, or 82! out of 240,712, were plslned to tbem that WbltsutiUde Is a great religious celebration, correspond ing In Importance with their Muhar ram, also an occasion of rejoicing. The festival proved Infectious, for one of the women broke Into what is1 termed "the mad dance." Her com panions 'unconcernedly became passive spectators of the woman's frenzied ex ertions. A quick, eccentric and yet at times rhythmical step was maintained for the long period stated. Not for one moment did tbe dancer pause for re freshment or rest She collapsed at the close of the thirty-sixth hour. After an interval she was housed by tbe other Somali women, who, by beating their tam bourines and by cries of exhortation, succeeded In encouraging her to an other effort ' The second dance, however, did not last long and the woman again fellj exhausted. i Following this bad attack another of ths natives a man lost bis head snd frantically threatened tbe holiday makers, who were startled by hi wild conduct. He wss taken In hand by tbe police, however, and eventually calmed down. London Express. Andrew Gleeeoa's Kloooeaoe. For twenty years Andrew Oleeson, contractor and builder, was mem ber of the Republican National Com mittee for the District of Columbia. He controlled the Irish vote, snd Per ry Carson controlled the negro rote; and they were very successful, politi cally. Carson, tbe negro, waa a natural orator, but Gleeeon, rich and powerful, could not make a speech. One even ing at a political meeting, where one hundred Irish men mingled with about two thousand negroes. Perry Carson did not appear, sad the crown called on OIna for a speech. Ho hesitated. Ma head, bat anally arose aad "God bleoa has Irish, both white aad It Ms) irst, ket aad only txttt til 42. OLD" f FAVORITES !) M I I I HHtttit Little Brawn Hand. Tliey drivs home the i-osa from ths pas ture Up thro' me long shady laae. Where ths quail whistle loud in Die wheat tietd That Is yellow with ripeuiag grain. They find In ths thick, waving gran Whee ths warlet-lipsed atrawbsrry grows; They gather the earliest snowdrops And rhe first crimson buds of th rose. They toss the hay in the meadow, They gather the elder bloew white; They find where the dusky grape purple In the soft-tinted October light They knew where the apples hang ripest And are sweater than Italy's wines; They know where the fruit hangs ths thickest On the long, thoray blsckberry vines. They gather the delicate seaweeds, Aim! build tiny CHutleti of sand; They pick up the beautiful seashelli, Fairy barks, that have drifted to land. They wave from the tall, rocking tree- tops. Where the oriole's hammock nest swing; And at night time are folded in slumber Kr a houic that a food mother niuga. Those who toil bravely are strongent The huinlile urn I jor become great; And from llne brow n-hsncled children Shall grow mighty rulers of state. The pen of the author and Klntcitnan, The nnhle and ie of our bind The sword and the chisel slid pnlette, Shall lie held in the little brown hand. Anonymous. The "Old, Old Honn." When all the world is young, lad, And all the treen are green; Anl every Kooe a swan, lad. And every l a queen; S'heu hey for boot and horse, lad, Aud round the world away; Vonng blood must have it course, Ih1, And every dog his day. When all the world Is old, lad. And all the trees are brown; And all the HHirt is stale, lad, And all the wheels run down; Creep home, and take your place there, The spent and niaim'd among; God gr.int yu rind one face there You loved when all was young. Charles Kingnley. WASHINGTON'S FIRST MI8SIOM Che a by Out. Dinwiddle Envoy to the French Oatpoats. Like all Virginians. I was disturbed during this time by the news of the in solence of tbe French on the frontier, sud began to feel that rny brother's money, put Into the Ohio Company, was in peril, for we were likely to be soon cooped up by s line of forts, and our trade in peltries wss already al most at sn end, and about to pass Into the hands of the French. We learned with pleasure thst the royal governors were ordered to Insist on the retire ment of these overbosy French, who claimed all tbe land up to the Alle ghsnles. but I did not dream that I wss soon to tske psrt in the matter. About that time, or before, there had been much effort to secure the Six Na tions of Indians as allies. One of their chief. Tanacharisson, known a the Hslf-KIng, because of holding s subsi diary rule among tbe Indians, advised a fort to in built by us scsr to the Forks of tbe Ohio, on the east bank, and Gist, the trader, set out on this errand. A Capt Trent wss charged to carry our king's message to the French outposts: but having arrived at Ixtgstown, 150 miles from nls des tination, and heating of the defeat of our allies, tbe Mlanila, by the French, he lost heart and came back to report. The Ohio Company at thi time com plained to the Governor of the attack on their traders, nd this gentleman, being concerned both for bis own pock et and for bis Majesty' property, re solved to send some one of more spirit to bear the king's messnge ordering the French to retire and to cease to molest our fur traders about the Oblo. It was unfortunate that Gov. Robert Dinwiddle, who was now eager to de fend his interests In the Ohio tym pany, bad lost the prudent counsel of Its late lyd. my brother Lawrence. He would nave made a bette envoy than I, for st tbe sge of 21, a mac is too young to influence the Indians, on account of a certain reverence tbey have for age In council. I wss Ignor ant of what was Intended when I re ceived orders to repair to Williamsburg- To my surprise, and I may say to my plessure. I learned thst I was to go to Logstown. I wss there to meet our sllles, tbe Indians, snd se cure from them an escort snd guides, nd so push on and find tbe French commander. I wss to deliver to blm my summons, snd waft an answer dur ing one week, and then to return. I was also to keep my eyes open as to all natters of military concern. Whatever distrust I had In regard to ny powers ss an envoy, I said noth ng, for In case of an order a soldier las no alternative but to obey. Had been. In the Governor's place I should tare sent an older man. 8. Weir sUtchell's "Tbe Youth of Washington" b the Century. MELANCHOLY OF RUSSIA. a Weak Nation When. Viewed The general aaw It while life, aa I thus laUrsotlBg la wMoartaiaJy not ful. Despite ths frivolity dominant among tbe upper class snd ttte fetish lam controlling the lower classes, there was, especially in that period of cal amity, a deep undertone of melan cboly. Melancholy, indeed, la a mark ed characteristic of Itussla, and, above all, of the peasantry. Tbey seem sad even in their sports; their songs al most without exception are In the mi nor key; ths whole atmosphere la ap parently charged with vague dread of some calamity. Despite the suppres sion of oiokt of the foreign journals, and the blotting out of page after page of the newspapers allowed to enter the empire, despite all that the secret po lice could do in repressing unfavorable comment It became generally known that all wa going wrong In the Cri mea. New came of reverse sfter re verse; of the defeats of the Alma snd Iiikeruuiu. and, a a climax, the loss of Kevastopol and the destruction of the Busslau fleet. In the midst of It all, as Is ever ths case In Russian wars, came utter collapse In the commis sariat department; everywhere one beard bints aud Unally detailed stories of scoundrelism in high places; of money which ought to have been ap propriated to army supplies, but which had been expended at the gambling ta bles of Hoiuburg or In the I! reds quar ter at 1'arls. Then It was that there wa borne In upon me tbe conviction that ItUH!a, powerful as she seems when viewed from the outside, Is anything but htrong when viewed from the Inside. To say nothing of the thousand evi dent weaknesses resulting from autoc racy the theory that one man, and he, Kiierlly, not one of the m" highly endowed, cmi do the thinking for a hundred millions of people there whs nowhere the slightest sign of any up rising of a great nation, lis. for Instance,- of the French Hgalnst I'uropo in 1"!2. of the (lerniaiiH against France in 1S1.1 and In 170. of Italy niialnst Austria In 1C.! anil afterward, and of the Americans in the civil wr of ISt; 1. There were cert;iin!y many no ble characters in Kussia. and these must bnve felt deeply the condition of things; but there being no great mid dle cliis. and the lower class having been long kept In besotted Ignorance, there seemed no force on which pa triotism could take bold. From An drew I. White's "Itussia In War Time" in the Century. SOME m66Frn"aNNOYANCES. Kcberar Employed to ('.el the Money of the J'utilic. A possibly well-meaning hnbit anions people wlm want your money Is be coming u public nuisance, snys the Hartford Couraiit. It has become cus tomary nowadays when an entertain ment Is to be given, especially If it It a niortj or less charitable affair, to send a bunch of iiumhered tickets td John Smith or John Jones with a nolo Informing him that these are to be; sold and be Is to account for the pro ceeds. Frlmarlly the notion Is to ge some money, which charities, ..ke the rest of us, can always find a place for, aud tbe Ides no doubt prevails that Smith or Jones will sny to himself that it Isn't worth while to bunt up buyers and will Just draw his check for the bunch aud let it go at that That served awhile and when the game was new, but now it has taken on chronic qualities and tbe public are wearying. One sufferer recently re marked In this office that his Invaria ble rule as to all such laclosures was to chuck them Into his waste basket or arrival, He hadn't asked for then and be wasn't going to use them, and they were In the way. When you com to analyze It, there is a lot of calm tmpudeiu-e iu iu proceeding. Not long ago s widely and most fa vorably known publishing house sent by express to various addresses In tula city unsolicited specimen volumes of a work they were bringing out, with cir culars as to terms. These also Invited the person receiving the volume to ship It back at the expense of the publish ers in case It whs not wanted. This Involved opening It first for examina tion, then wrapping it up again and finally carrying or sending it to the express office. No doubt different peo ple treated the episode differently, but In one case the book Just lay where it was pur on arrival. Successive In quiries about It from the publishing house were put with the book snd at last along came the expressman under orders from tbe publishers to get the book and carry It back to tbem. Then it went, but It need never have started. Throwing things at people s heads is not the best way to make them attrac tive. . A Boom Tows la Manchourta. Kirlu province contains the largest and most prosperous of sll Itusslan towns In Manchuria, Unrbln. It Is only three years old, snd yet it had. In December last a population exceeding 60,000 people, of whom half were Rus sian. It la splendidly located on the Sungall River, and is In about tbe geographical center of Manchuria. It Is on tbe main line of tbe Russian rail way, snd the Vladivostok line branches off at this point We are accustomed to boom towns In the United Ststes, but I doubt If we can equal the Russian record in tbe con struction of a town with great govern ment buildings, brick and stone busi ness bouses, great flour mills and fac tories In 190 weeks. Century. Ao UksMUsl of Alaska. . The Rev. W. Bo no pes, Church of En gland Bishop of Alaska, wont to Win nipeg recently to attend a meeting of tbe synod. This waa the first time bo had boon oat of Alaska In thirty years. Too kaew bow aatSah you aret Wall, you eaa judge treat yearaeif how seif- Antnony Mope' new novel, "Double Jarness." deal with marriage la nodern way. Some of Booth Tarklngton's new itorles, soon to appear from the press .f McClurs. rhilllp 4 Co.. will be ao mpanled by his own illustrations. Miss Henrietta CorkraO. whose gos Jpy book called "Celebrities snd I" ras widely read, has written auothet f the same sort called "Oddities, Oth ra and I." which bas been publish) a Ixtndnn. In view of tbe approaching centen- iry of George Sand. It la thought prob- ible that some of her hitherto unpub I shed writings will be printed soosV I'hey Include two complete plays levers! fragments of stories. It Is announced that Margery Wljf ams' novel. "The I'rtce of Youth siiicb bears the imprint of tbe MaC- ulllan Company, and Is reported as laving had a steady sale since Its pub- Icatlon, has been dramatized. According to a Iimlon dispatch. rhoinas Hardy ha given up writing ictlon. He Is devoting himself to tbe tecond part of his drama, "The Dyn istn." the first part of which was re- ;t!y published by h Mscmlllan oiiipanj'. A life of Toiu Hood whose "Song if the Shirt" appeared In Punch la iM:i, Is being written by Waiter Jer- old. a grandson of another famous 'iinch contributor. Douglas Jerrold. VI r. .lerrold bus In his possession sums titerestiiig new mutter relating to (Iisid's career. The tit of Huilyard Kipling's new oliiine of stories, which Ikiubleday, Cage A Co. will publish this fail, will e "TrslHos and Discoveries." This s the iirst ImhiU of Action by the au hor since his "The Dhj-'s Work." ll onmiris some of Mr. Kipling's most hiiracterlstic sturles. several of which lave appeared In Collier's Weekly. About :J.k Chicago school children a-ere recently required to write an swers to these questions: What IsTokS lave you read since school Ix-gan last Septeinlier? Which one of these did rou like best? Louisa M. Alcott's Ju venile classic. "Little Women," head- Hi the tabulated list of replies, and I'm-le Tom's Cabin" was second. A little book with an attractive rover Is "Hero Tales." by Jnmes Bald win, an interesting collection and tdnptation of several stories of Creek mythology. Norse legends and old tales of France In the dark ages. The dories theiuMclves are more or leas familiar, but In the form presented vhey are far more Interesting than In :he usual run of books on mythology nteniied fur school use. The Ulustra fions are good. Coiihu Ikiyle began his experience with the syndicating of bis literary utput at an early age. He used to :ell stories to bis schoolmates, for which tbey paid blm In Jam tarts. Young Doyle bad his own way of ex tracting the price be wished. He would get bis story worked up to some ucb climax as this: "While holding to the rocky edge of the cliff with a frip of desperation, the hero could jcar below blm the continued growls if the enraged bear." Having pro eeaed thus tar, be wuuiu r-5S6 ts proceed further unles the price psid 'n current tartleS of tbe schoolboy -ea'm was doubled. , Ford Maddox Hueffer, who has col .aboraled with Joseph Conrad In wrlt .ng that stirring and adventurous tale tt the West Indian buccaneers, "Ro iiiance," which McClure rhilllp bare wrought out coliuliorated also with Mr. Conrad In "The Inheritors," which ippeared some years ago. Mr. Huef fer Is a litterateur by birth, gift and inclination. He is nephew of Itos iettl, aud has spent bis entire life itiKing literary men, artists and tuu Ucians. Ills life bas been void of such hair-raising adventures ss have fallen to hi collaborator's share, but ae bas traveled widely, and even now g constantly roaming about the contl' 'lent. He resides cUlefJy at Wlnchel ea, a quaint, old, walled town on a iluff overlooking tbe English Channel. Mr. Hueffer' first book, "The Brown Owl," was written when he wa only 17 years old. It sold to fifteen edl L'Uis and Is still selling, though Mr. Uueffer received only flO for It Melt aufneient. A distinguished comedlsn who telle itorles very well wa Invited to a dinner and for tbe greater part of the evening entertained the company. When be returned to bis hotel, thor oughly tired, bis wife ssld: "Well, did you bsve a good timer "No. I can't say that I did. In deed, If I bad not been there I should have been bored." Tbe Poiioenisn at Fsalt. Judge- Now, didn't I tell you laef flme that I never wanted to see yon here again T Prisoner Tla, me lord, but I ceoM ot get the police man tor believe It fester. If the pictures la the fatally album were token aa long aa thirty years ago, looking through It almost aa later mtlng aa seeing a7 different tribe of th tumaa race. When a man earrtaa kje gtorea, It hi i greater eeaaae Cam woartag